계: API Abuse
API는 호출자와 피호출자 간의 계약입니다. 가장 흔한 형태의 API 오용은 호출자가 이 계약에서 자신의 몫을 이행하지 못하기 때문에 발생합니다. 예를 들어, 프로그램이 chroot()를 호출한 후 chdir()을 호출하지 못하면 활성 루트 디렉터리를 안전하게 변경하는 방법을 지정하는 계약을 위반하는 것입니다. 라이브러리 오용의 또 다른 좋은 예는 피호출자가 호출자에게 신뢰할 만한 DNS 정보를 반환할 것으로 예상하는 것입니다. 이 경우, 호출자는 자신의 행동에 대해 특정한 가정을 함으로써(반환 값이 인증 목적으로 사용될 것으로 예상) 피호출자 API를 오용합니다. 다른 쪽에서 호출자-피호출자 계약을 위반할 수도 있습니다. 예를 들어, 코더가 하위 클래스 SecureRandom을 지정하고 임의 값이 아닌 값을 반환하는 경우 계약을 위반하는 것입니다.
Heap Inspection: Swappable Memory
Abstract
민감한 데이터가 있는 페이지를 고정시키기 위해
VirtualLock을 사용하지 마십시오. 함수가 항상 구현되는 것은 아닙니다.Explanation
Heap inspection 취약점은 암호나 암호화 키 같은 민감한 데이터가 메모리에서 삭제되지 않기 때문에 공격자에게 노출될 때 발생합니다.
VirtualLock 함수는 메모리의 페이지가 디스크에 페이지되는 것을 방지하기 위한 것입니다. 하지만, Windows 95/98/ME에서 이 함수는 스텁(stub)으로 구현되며 아무런 영향을 끼치지 않습니다. References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 591
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.cpp.heap_inspection_swappable_memory