界: API Abuse

API 是调用方和被调用方之间的约定。最常见的 API 滥用是由于调用方未能遵守此约定的终止导致的。例如，如果某个程序在调用 chroot() 后未能调用 chdir()，则违反了用于指定如何安全地更改活动根目录的约定。库滥用的另一个典型示例是期望被调用方向调用方返回可信的 DNS 信息。在这种情况下，调用方通过对被调用方行为做出某种假设（返回值可用于身份验证目的）滥用其 API。另一方也可能违反调用方-被调用方约定。例如，如果编码器子类化 SecureRandom 并返回一个非随机值，则将违反此约定。

Heap Inspection: Swappable Memory

C/C++

Abstract

不要使用 VirtualLock 来锁定包含敏感数据的页面。因为该函数并不总会执行。

Explanation

当敏感数据（如密码或加密密钥）因为没有从内存中删除而被泄漏给攻击者时，就会发生 Heap inspection 漏洞。

VirtualLock 函数旨在锁定内存中的页面，以防这些页面在磁盘上被标注页码。然而，在 Windows 95/98/ME 操作系统上，这一函数仅作为桩函数使用，因而不会产生什么影响。

References

[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 591

[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199

[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP

[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography

[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II

[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)

[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage

desc.semantic.cpp.heap_inspection_swappable_memory