界: API Abuse

API 就像是呼叫者與被呼叫者之間簽訂的規定。最常見的 API 濫用形式是由呼叫者這一當事方未能遵守此規定所造成的。例如，如果程式在呼叫 chroot() 後無法呼叫 chdir()，即違反規範如何以安全方式變更使用中根目錄的規定。程式庫濫用的另一個好例子是期待被呼叫者向呼叫者傳回值得信賴的 DNS 資訊。在這種情況下，呼叫者是透過對其行為做出某些假設 (傳回值可用於驗證目的) 來濫用被呼叫者 API。另一方也可能違反呼叫者與被呼叫者間的規定。例如，如果編碼器衍生出子類別 SecureRandom 並傳回一個非隨機值，則違反了規定。

ASP.NET Middleware Out of Order: Insecure Transport

C#/VB.NET/ASP.NET

Abstract

應用程式錯誤指定了預設的 ASP.NET HTTPS 重新導向中介軟體。

Explanation

未依正確順序新增到中介軟體管道的 ASP.NET Core 中介軟體將無法依預期般執行，進而使應用程式可能面臨各種安全問題。

範例 1：UseHttpsRedirection() 方法將 HTTPS 重新導向中介軟體新增到中介軟體管道，進而允許將不安全的 HTTP 要求重新導向到安全的 HTTPS 要求。如果以錯誤的順序指定，則在透過重新導向之前列出的中介軟體處理要求之前，不會發生有意義的 HTTPS 重新導向。這將允許應用程式在重新導向到安全 HTTPS 連線之前處理 HTTP 要求。


...
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(...);
var app = builder.Build(...);
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseSession();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
    ...
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
...

References

[1] Rick Anderson, Steve Smith ASP.NET Core Middleware Microsoft

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 696, CWE ID 200, CWE ID 311, CWE ID 319

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200

[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200

[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000068, CCI-001453, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422, CCI-002890, CCI-003123

[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SC

[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection

[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)

[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection

[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M5 Insecure Communication

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.4

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.4

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.4

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.4

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.4

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design

[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications

[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 319

[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260.1 CAT II

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II

[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)

desc.controlflow.dotnet.asp_dotnet_middleware_out_of_order_insecure_transport