界: Environment

本節包括原始程式碼之外的所有內容，但對於建立中產品的安全性仍至關重要。由於此領域所涵蓋的問題與原始程式碼沒有直接關係，因此我們將其與其他領域分開。

631 找到的項目

弱點

AWS Ansible Misconfiguration: Insufficient RDS Backup

YAML

Abstract

組態設定了一個沒有適當備份設定的資源。

Explanation

備份對於防止資料遺失或損毀至關重要。削弱備份的設定包括但不限於：
- 停用資料備份
- 未能定期備份資料
- 未能定期檢查備份的完整性
- 備份保留期限不足

References

[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates Backup and recovery approaches on AWS

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial

[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability

[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000366, CCI-003109

[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CP

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CP-9 Information System Backup (P1)

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CP-9 System Backup

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.1.5 General Data Protection (L3)

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 12.10.1

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 12.10.1

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults

desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_insufficient_backup.base

AWS Ansible Misconfiguration: Insufficient S3 Backup

YAML

Abstract

組態設定了一個沒有適當備份設定的資源。

Explanation

備份對於防止資料遺失或損毀至關重要。削弱備份的設定包括但不限於：
- 停用資料備份
- 未能定期備份資料
- 未能定期檢查備份的完整性
- 備份保留期限不足

References

[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates Backup and recovery approaches on AWS

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial

[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability

[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000366, CCI-003109

[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CP

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CP-9 Information System Backup (P1)

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CP-9 System Backup

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.1.5 General Data Protection (L3)

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 12.10.1

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 12.10.1

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults

desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_insufficient_backup.base

AWS Ansible Misconfiguration: Insufficient S3 Logging

YAML

Abstract

組態定義了一個稽核記錄不足的服務。

Explanation

若缺乏稽核記錄，將會限制偵測和回應安全相關事件的能力，並阻礙取證調查。

削弱記錄控功能的組態設定包括但不限於：
- 蓄意停用稽核記錄
- 免除記錄特定使用者、群組或程序的動作
- 未充分保護記錄完整性
- 未啟用選用稽核記錄
- 降低記錄採樣率

References

[1] Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Logging Cheat Sheet

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778

[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000172

[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM

[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-12 Audit Record Generation

[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)

[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000380 CAT III, APSC-DV-000390 CAT III, APSC-DV-000400 CAT III, APSC-DV-000410 CAT III, APSC-DV-000430 CAT III, APSC-DV-000590 CAT II

desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_insufficient_logging.base

AWS Ansible Misconfiguration: Insufficient S3 Monitoring

YAML

Abstract

組態設定了一個缺乏監控的資源。

Explanation

任何延遲回應缺口削弱了組織限制缺口影響的能力。

削弱監控功能的組態設定包括但不限於：
- 蓄意停用監控
- 未啟用選用監控
- 未指定匯出到監控服務的相關事件
- 使特定使用者、群組、程序和地理區域的動作免除監控

References

[1] Paul Cichonski,Tom Millar,Tim Grance,Karen Scarfone NIST Special Publication 800-61 Revision 2 - Computer Security Incident Handling Guide

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778

[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000172

[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM

[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-12 Audit Record Generation

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_insufficient_monitoring.base

AWS Ansible Misconfiguration: Insufficient Stack Monitoring

YAML

Abstract

組態設定了一個缺乏監控的資源。

Explanation

任何延遲回應缺口削弱了組織限制缺口影響的能力。

削弱監控功能的組態設定包括但不限於：
- 蓄意停用監控
- 未啟用選用監控
- 未指定匯出到監控服務的相關事件
- 使特定使用者、群組、程序和地理區域的動作免除監控

References

[1] Paul Cichonski,Tom Millar,Tim Grance,Karen Scarfone NIST Special Publication 800-61 Revision 2 - Computer Security Incident Handling Guide

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778

[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000172

[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM

[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-12 Audit Record Generation

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking

[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II

desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_insufficient_monitoring.base

AWS Ansible Misconfiguration: Privileged Batch Container

YAML

Abstract

組態設定了一個容器，其具有提升過的權限來執行工作。

Explanation

依預設，容器無法執行大多數系統和網路管理作業。特權模式移除了這類限制。這大大地擴大了惡意作業的受攻擊面。

References

[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial

[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality

[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 250

[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020

[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020

[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020

[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020

[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084

[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM

[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1)

[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 020

[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 250

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3500 CAT II

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3500 CAT II

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3500 CAT II

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3500 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3500 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3500 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3500 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)

desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_privileged_container.base

AWS Ansible Misconfiguration: RDS Auto-Upgrade Disabled

YAML

Abstract

組態關閉了自動軟體升級。

Explanation

可確保及時修補已知軟體漏洞的自動軟體升級遭到停用。

References

[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete

[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality

[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete

[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM

[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-2 Flaw Remediation (P1)

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-2 Flaw Remediation

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A9 Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A06 Vulnerable and Outdated Components

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.2

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.3.3

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management, Control Objective C.1.6 - Web Software Components & Services

desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_auto_upgrade_disabled.base

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