界: Security Features

軟體安全性並非安全性軟體。我們關注驗證、Access Control、保密性、加密以及權限管理之類的主題。

314 找到的項目
弱點
Abstract
應用程式會初始化 Redis 用戶端,但不設定任何認證。
Explanation
未經驗證的 Redis 伺服器可能成為攻擊者的目標,透過危害伺服器達到涉足您內部網路的目的。

可能會針對 Redis 伺服器使用不同的攻擊方式,以對其基礎作業系統執行任意程式碼。 例如,攻擊者可以使用 Redis 指令,將 Web Shell 寫入 Web 根目錄。 用來儲存物件時,攻擊者也可能針對不同的語言 (例如 Java、Python、Ruby、PHP 等) 儲存還原序列化裝載,以便對還原序列化端點執行遠端程式碼。

請注意,即使沒有在外部暴露 Redis 伺服器,外部攻擊者仍可能透過同一網路上任意應用程式內的 Server-Side Request Forgery 弱點對其進行存取。 例如,Redis 伺服器可能成為使用 HTTP 或 Gopher 通訊協定的攻擊者。

由於 Redis 的特性,若無法從外部保護 Redis 連接埠,可能會對安全性有較大的影響。 例如,外部攻擊者會使用單一 FLUSHALL 指令來刪除整個資料集。 最近,有關於惡意攻擊網際網路上公開執行的不安全 Redis 實例的報告。 攻擊者刪除了資料庫,並要求支付贖金才會加以還原。
References
[1] Nicolas Grégoire Trying to hack Redis via HTTP requests
[2] Max Chadwick curl Based SSRF Exploits Against Redis
[3] Redis Redis Security
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 259
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[14] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[15] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[16] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001199, CCI-003109
[17] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[18] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[20] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API2 Broken Authentication
[28] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[29] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[30] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[31] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 1.2.6, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.3.1
[40] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults, Control Objective 5.1 - Authentication and Access Control
[41] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults, Control Objective 5.1 - Authentication and Access Control
[42] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults, Control Objective 5.1 - Authentication and Access Control
[43] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001520 CAT II, APSC-DV-001530 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01)
[66] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.controlflow.java.unauthenticated_service_redis
Abstract
設定應用程式時,應該要確定所有敏感資訊的存取是使用 HTTPS。
Explanation
如果處理敏感資訊的應用程式並未使用訊息層級加密,則只能在加密的傳輸通道進行通訊。

References
[1] Microsoft
[2] Microsoft
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000068, CCI-001453, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422, CCI-002890, CCI-003123
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 319
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.config.dotnet.wcf_service_provider_misconfiguration_insecure_transport
Abstract
程式會使用安全性較弱的類別參照,這樣可能會允許攻擊者執行未授權的程式碼。
Explanation
程式會參照未唯一識別的使用者定義類別。.NET 載入這種未安全識別的類別時,CLR 類型載入器會以指定的順序在下列位置中搜尋類別:

- 如果該類型的組件是已知組件,載入器便會搜尋組態設定檔案的重新導向位置、GAC、目前使用組態資訊的組件,以及應用程式基本目錄。

- 如果組件未知,則載入器會搜尋目前的組件、mscorlib,以及由 TypeResolve 事件處理常式所回傳的位置。

此 CLR 搜尋順序可以使用陷阱來修改,例如 Type Forwarding 機制和 AppDomain.TypeResolve 事件。

如果攻擊者透過建立含有相同名稱的替代類別,並將該類別放置在 CLR 會先載入的替代位置,來攻擊 CLR 搜尋順序,CLR 便會無意間執行攻擊者提供的程式碼。

範例 1:以下 WCF 組態設定檔案的 <behaviorExtensions/> 元素會指示 WCF 將自訂行為類別加入特定的 WCF 延伸中。


<system.serviceModel>
<extensions>
<behaviorExtensions>
<add name="myBehavior" type="MyBehavior" />
</behaviorExtensions>
</extensions>
</system.serviceModel>
References
[1] Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN)
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[15] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
desc.config.dotnet.wcf_misconfiguration_weak_class_reference
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.abap.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式雜湊無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。加密分析研究指出,這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

基於安全,請勿倚賴 MD 和 RIPEMD 雜湊演算法。有效破解 MD 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且實作起來不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的弱點且透過破解技巧,可能會發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.apex.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.dotnet.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.cfml.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
在安全關鍵內容中,請勿使用低安全性加密式雜湊,因為無法保證資料完整性。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。加密分析研究指出,這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

基於安全,請勿倚賴 MD 和 RIPEMD 雜湊演算法。有效破解 MD 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且實作起來不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的弱點且透過破解技巧,可能會發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.golang.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.javascript.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
識別的呼叫可能會使用低等的加密式 hash。低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

範例 1:下列程式碼使用低等的 hash 演算法 (MD5):


NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:file];
CC_MD5(imageData, [imageData length], result);


有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.objc.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.sql.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160、SHA-1 和 Keccak 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.python.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
識別的呼叫會使用低等的加密式 hash。低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

範例 1:下列程式碼使用低等的 hash 演算法 (MD5):


let encodedText = text.cStringUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
let textLength = CC_LONG(text.lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding))
let digestLength = Int(CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH)
let result = UnsafeMutablePointer<CUnsignedChar>.alloc(digestLength)

CC_MD5(encodedText, textLength, result)


有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.swift.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式雜湊無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且實作起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.config.xml.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
低等的加密式 hash 無法保證資料完整性,不應在安全關鍵內容中使用。
Explanation
MD2、MD4、MD5、RIPEMD-160 和 SHA-1 是最受廣泛使用的加密式雜湊演算法,通常用來驗證訊息及其他資料的完整性。不過,最近的加密分析研究指出這些演算法存在基本性弱點,不應再於安全關鍵內容中使用。

有效破解 MD5 和 RIPEMD 雜湊的技術隨處可得,因此不應依賴這些演算法做為安全性的保障。就 SHA-1 而言,目前的技術仍需要相當大量的運算能力,而且執行起來更加不容易。不過,攻擊者已找到演算法的致命弱點,且透過破解的技術,可能將發現更快速的攻擊方法。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 4.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 4.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.vb.weak_cryptographic_hash
Abstract
空白 Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是個好方法。使用空白 Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。進入量產階段之後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用空白 Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。
範例 1:以下程式碼使用空白 Salt:

...
private static final String salt = "";
...
PBEKeySpec pbeSpec=new PBEKeySpec(password);
SecretKeyFactory keyFact=SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(CIPHER_ALG);
PBEParameterSpec defParams=new PBEParameterSpec(salt,100000);
Cipher cipher=Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALG);
cipher.init(cipherMode,keyFact.generateSecret(pbeSpec),defParams);
...


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 (空白) Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_pbe_salt
Abstract
空白 Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是明智的想法。使用空白 Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用空白 Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用空白 Salt:

...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(kCCPBKDF2,
password,
passwordLen,
"",
0,
kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256,
100000,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLen);
...


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 (空白) Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.objc.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_pbe_salt
Abstract
空白 Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是明智的想法。使用空白 Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用空白 Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用空白 Salt:

...
$hash = hash_pbkdf2('sha256', $password, '', 100000);
...


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 (空白) Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.php.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_pbe_salt
Abstract
空白 Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是明智的想法。使用空白 Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用空白 Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用空白 Salt:

from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac
...
dk = pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', password, '', 100000)
...


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 (空白) Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_pbe_salt
Abstract
空白 Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是明智的想法。使用空白 Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用空白 Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用空白 Salt:

...
dk = OpenSSL::PKCS5.pbkdf2_hmac(password, "", 100000, 256, digest)
...


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 (空白) Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_pbe_salt
Abstract
空白 Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是明智的想法。使用空白 Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用空白 Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用空白 Salt:

...
let ITERATION = UInt32(100000)
...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(CCPBKDFAlgorithm(kCCPBKDF2),
password,
passwordLength,
"",
0,
CCPseudoRandomAlgorithm(kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256),
ITERATION,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLength)


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 (空白) Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.swift.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_pbe_salt
Abstract
空白 Salt 違背了其自身目的,並且會以難以補救的方式危及系統安全性。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是個好方法。空白 Salt 不僅違背了其自身目的,還會讓所有的專案開發人員都能檢視 Salt。這會讓修正問題的工作變得異常困難,因為程式碼進入生產階段後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼定義空白 Salt 來計算密碼雜湊:

...
define('SECURE_AUTH_SALT', "");
...


此程式碼成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以看到 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_salt
Abstract
空 Salt 違背了其自身目的,並且會以難以補救的方式危及系統安全性。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是明智的想法。空 Salt 不僅違背了其自身目的,還會讓所有的專案開發人員都能檢視 Salt,也會使得修正問題的工作變得極為困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用空 Salt 來計算密碼雜湊:

import hashlib, binascii

def register(request):
password = request.GET['password']
username = request.GET['username']

hash = hashlib.md5("%s:%s" % ("", password,)).hexdigest()
store(username, hash)
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_salt
Abstract
空 Salt 違背了其自身目的,並且會以難以補救的方式危及系統安全性。
Explanation
使用空白 Salt 絕對不是明智的想法。空 Salt 不僅違背了其自身目的,還會讓所有的專案開發人員都能檢視 Salt,也會使得修正問題的工作變得極為困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼不使用任何 Salt 來進行密碼雜湊:

require 'openssl'
...
password = get_password()
hash = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.digest(password)
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更空白 Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_empty_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC(pass, strlen(pass), "2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$", 2, ITERATION, EVP_sha512(), outputBytes, digest);
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_pbe_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
private static final String salt = "2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$";
...
PBEKeySpec pbeSpec=new PBEKeySpec(password);
SecretKeyFactory keyFact=SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(CIPHER_ALG);
PBEParameterSpec defParams=new PBEParameterSpec(salt,100000);
Cipher cipher=Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALG);
cipher.init(cipherMode,keyFact.generateSecret(pbeSpec),defParams);
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_pbe_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(kCCPBKDF2,
password,
passwordLen,
"2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$",
2,
kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256,
100000,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLen);
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.objc.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_pbe_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:以下程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
$hash = hash_pbkdf2('sha256', $password, '2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$', 100000)
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.php.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_pbe_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac
dk = pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', password, '2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$', 100000)
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_pbe_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
dk = OpenSSL::PKCS5.pbkdf2_hmac(password, '2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$', 100000, 256, digest)
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_pbe_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:以下程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
let ITERATION = UInt32(100000)
let salt = "2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$"
...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(CCPBKDFAlgorithm(kCCPBKDF2),
password,
passwordLength,
salt,
salt.lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding),
CCPseudoRandomAlgorithm(kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256),
ITERATION,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLength)
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.swift.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_pbe_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
crypt(password, "2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$");
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼絕對不是個好方法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修正問題的工作變得極度困難。程式碼投入生產階段後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:以下程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
salt := "2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$"
password := get_password()
sha256.Sum256([]byte(salt + password)
...


此程式碼成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.golang.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
Encryptor instance = ESAPI.encryptor();
String hash1 = instance.hash(input, "2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$");
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。更糟的是,如果攻擊者能夠存取應用程式的位元組程式碼,那麼他們就可以利用 javap -c 指令將程式碼分解,而此程式碼包含了所使用 Salt 的值。
References
[1] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
crypt($password, '2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$');
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:下列程式碼使用硬式編碼的 Salt:

...
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password
make_password(password, salt="2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$")
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_salt
Abstract
Hardcoded Salt 會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
將 Salt 硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將 Salt 硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看 Salt,也會使得修復問題的工作變得極度困難。產生程式碼以後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。
範例 1:以下程式碼使用硬式編碼 Salt 來計算密碼雜湊:

require 'openssl'
...
password = get_password()
salt = '2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$'
hash = OpenSSL::Digest::SHA256.digest(salt + password)
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 Salt「2!@$(5#@532@%#$253l5#@$」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_hardcoded_salt
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地反轉雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用的迭代計數為 50:


...
Rfc2898DeriveBytes rdb8 = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(password, salt,50);
...


如果應用程式使用低迭代計數進行以密碼為基礎的加密,則容易受到以字典為基礎的普通攻擊,這正是以密碼為基礎的加密結構專門防禦的攻擊類型。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] M. Egele, D. Brumley, Y. Fratantonio, and C. Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications.
[5] Meltem SonmezTuran, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.dotnet.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用的迭代計數為 50:


...
#define ITERATION 50
...
PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC(pass, sizeof(pass), salt, sizeof(salt), ITERATION, EVP_sha512(), outputBytes, digest);
...


使用低迭代計數來進行密碼型加密的應用程式很容易受到普通的字典型攻擊,而此攻擊類型恰恰是密碼型加密結構所要防禦的對象。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] M. Egele, D. Brumley, Y. Fratantonio, and C. Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications.
[5] Meltem Sonmez Turan, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用的迭代計數為 50:


...
final int iterationCount=50;
PBEParameterSpec pbeps=new PBEParameterSpec(salt,iterationCount);
...


使用低迭代計數來進行密碼型加密的應用程式很容易受到普通的字典型攻擊,而此攻擊類型恰恰是密碼型加密結構所要防禦的對象。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] Meltem SonmezTuran, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[5] Manuel Egele, David Brumley, Yanick Fratantonio, Christopher Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用的迭代計數為 50:


...
#define ITERATION 50
...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(kCCPBKDF2,
password,
passwordLen,
salt,
saltLen
kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256,
ITERATION,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLen);
...


使用低迭代計數來進行密碼型加密的應用程式很容易受到普通的字典型攻擊,而此攻擊類型恰恰是密碼型加密結構所要防禦的對象。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] M. Egele, D. Brumley, Y. Fratantonio, and C. Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications.
[5] Meltem SonmezTuran, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.objc.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地反轉雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用的迭代計數為 50:


...
$hash = hash_pbkdf2('sha256', $password, $salt, 50);
...


如果應用程式使用低迭代計數進行以密碼為基礎的加密,則容易受到以字典為基礎的普通攻擊,這正是以密碼為基礎的加密結構專門防禦的攻擊類型。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] M. Egele, D. Brumley, Y. Fratantonio, and C. Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications.
[5] Meltem SonmezTuran, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地反轉雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用的迭代計數為 50:


...
from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac
dk = pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', password, salt, 50)
...


如果應用程式使用低迭代計數進行以密碼為基礎的加密,則容易受到以字典為基礎的普通攻擊,而這正是以密碼為基礎的加密結構專門防禦的攻擊類型。

範例 2:以下程式碼將 cost 參數設為 11:

bcrypt_hash = bcrypt(b64pwd, 11)

在 Pycryptodome 中使用 bcrypt API 時,請務必注意,cost 參數在決定底層雜湊程序的運算複雜度中扮演重要角色。強烈建議將 cost 參數設為至少 12 的值,以確保具有足夠的安全層級。此值會直接影響運算雜湊所需的時間,進而使潛在攻擊者執行 Brute-Force 或 Dictionary 攻擊的運算成本更高。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] M. Egele, D. Brumley, Y. Fratantonio, and C. Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications.
[5] Meltem SonmezTuran, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用的迭代計數為 50:


require 'openssl'
...
key = OpenSSL::PKCS5::pbkdf2_hmac(pass, salt, 50, 256, 'SHA256')


如果應用程式使用低迭代計數進行以密碼為基礎的加密,則容易受到以字典為基礎的普通攻擊,這正是以密碼為基礎的加密結構專門防禦的攻擊類型。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] M. Egele, D. Brumley, Y. Fratantonio, and C. Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications.
[5] Meltem Sonmez Turan, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用的迭代計數為 50:


...
let ITERATION = UInt32(50)
...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(CCPBKDFAlgorithm(kCCPBKDF2),
password,
passwordLength,
saltBytes,
saltLength,
CCPseudoRandomAlgorithm(kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256),
ITERATION,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLength)
...


使用低迭代計數來進行密碼型加密的應用程式很容易受到普通的字典型攻擊,而此攻擊類型恰恰是密碼型加密結構所要防禦的對象。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] M. Egele, D. Brumley, Y. Fratantonio, and C. Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications.
[5] Meltem SonmezTuran, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.swift.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
密碼型金鑰衍生函數所使用的迭代計數太低。
Explanation
金鑰衍生函數用於從基底金鑰和其他參數衍生金鑰。在密碼型金鑰衍生函數中,基底金鑰是指密碼,而其他參數是指 Salt 值和迭代計數。迭代計數的傳統用途是增加從密碼產生金鑰的成本。如果迭代計數太低,會增加受到攻擊的可能性,因為攻擊者可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地反轉雜湊的密碼值。

範例 1:以下 XML 將迭代計數設定為 50:


...
<param name="keyObtentionIterations" value="50"/>
...


如果應用程式使用低迭代計數進行以密碼為基礎的加密,則容易受到以字典為基礎的普通攻擊,這正是以密碼為基礎的加密結構專門防禦的攻擊類型。
References
[1] B. Kaliski PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification Version 2.0. Network Working Group
[2] Martin Abadi and Bogdan Warinschi Password-Based Encryption Analyzed.
[3] Mihir Bellare, Thomas Ristenpart, and Stefano Tessaro Multi-Instance Security and its Application to Password-Based Cryptography.
[4] M. Egele, D. Brumley, Y. Fratantonio, and C. Kruegel An Empirical Study of Cryptographic Misuse in Android Applications.
[5] Meltem SonmezTuran, Elaine Barker, William Burr, and Lily Chen NIST Special Publication 800-132: Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation. NIST
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 916
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.3 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.4 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.config.xml.weak_cryptographic_hash_insecure_pbe_iteration_count
Abstract
在產生加密式雜湊過程中,程式碼沒有呼叫某個必要步驟。
Explanation
產生加密式雜湊需要數個步驟,忽略任何一個必要步驟都會減弱所產生之雜湊的強度。

範例 1:以下程式碼跳過呼叫 CL_ABAP_HMAC->UPDATE 方法,這會導致不依據任何資料就建立雜湊:


...
DATA: obj TYPE REF TO cl_abap_hmac.

CALL METHOD cl_abap_hmac=>get_instance
EXPORTING
if_key = 'ABCDEFG123456789'
RECEIVING
ro_object = obj.

obj->final( ).
....
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 325
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.controlflow.abap.weak_cryptographic_hash_missing_required_step
Abstract
在產生加密式雜湊過程中,程式碼沒有呼叫某個必要步驟。
Explanation
產生加密式雜湊需要數個步驟,忽略任何一個必要步驟都會減弱所產生之雜湊的強度。

範例 1:以下程式碼跳過呼叫 CryptCreateHash 方法,這會導致不依據任何資料就建立雜湊:


...
if(!CryptAcquireContext(&hCryptProv, NULL, MS_ENH_RSA_AES_PROV, PROV_RSA_AES, 0)) {
break;
}

if(!CryptHashData(hHash, (BYTE*)hashData, strlen(hashData), 0)) {
break;
}
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 325
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.controlflow.cpp.weak_cryptographic_hash_missing_required_step
Abstract
在產生加密式雜湊過程中,程式碼沒有呼叫某個必要步驟。
Explanation
產生加密式雜湊需要數個步驟,忽略任何一個必要步驟都會減弱所產生之雜湊的強度。

範例 1:以下程式碼跳過呼叫 MessageDigest.update() 方法,這會導致不依據任何資料就建立雜湊:


...
MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-512");

io.writeLine(MyUtilClass.bytesToHex(messageDigest.digest()));
....
References
[1] JavaDoc for MessageDigest Sun Microsystems
[2] JavaDoc for Mac Sun Microsystems
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 325
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.controlflow.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_missing_required_step
Abstract
null (nil) Salt 可能會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用 null (nil) Salt 絕對不是個好方法。使用 null Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。進入量產階段之後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用 null Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用 null (nil) Salt:

...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(kCCPBKDF2,
password,
passwordLen,
nil,
0,
kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256,
100000,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLen);
...


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 null Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 null Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.objc.weak_cryptographic_hash_null_pbe_salt
Abstract
null (None) Salt 可能會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用 null (None) Salt 絕對不是個好方法。使用 null Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。進入量產階段之後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用 null Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用 null (None) Salt:

import hashlib, binascii
from django.utils.crypto import pbkdf2

def register(request):
password = request.GET['password']
username = request.GET['username']
dk = pbkdf2(password, None, 100000)
hash = binascii.hexlify(dk)
store(username, hash)
...


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 null Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 null Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_null_pbe_salt
Abstract
null (nil) Salt 可能會導致無法輕易修正系統安全性的問題。
Explanation
使用 null (nil) Salt 絕對不是個好方法。使用 null Salt 不僅可讓人輕而易舉地判斷出雜湊值,也會使得極難修正問題。進入量產階段之後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者猜測出值是使用 null Salt 進行雜湊處理的,就可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並且更輕鬆地判斷出雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用 null (nil) Salt:

...
let ITERATION = UInt32(100000)
...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(CCPBKDFAlgorithm(kCCPBKDF2),
password,
passwordLength,
nil,
0,
CCPseudoRandomAlgorithm(kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256),
ITERATION,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLength)
...


此程式碼將成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 null Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 null Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.swift.weak_cryptographic_hash_null_pbe_salt
Abstract
null Salt (NULL) 會以難以補救的方式危及系統安全性。
Explanation
使用 null Salt (NULL) 絕對不是個好方法。null Salt 不僅違背了其自身目的,還會讓所有的專案開發人員都能檢視 Salt。這會讓修正問題的工作變得異常困難,因為程式碼進入生產階段後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用 null Salt:

...
define('SECURE_AUTH_SALT', NULL);
...


此程式碼成功執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以看到 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 null Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.weak_cryptographic_hash_null_salt
Abstract
null Salt (None) 違背了其自身目的,並且會以難以補救的方式危及系統安全性。
Explanation
使用 null Salt (None) 絕對不是個好方法。null Salt 不僅違背了其自身目的,還會讓所有的專案開發人都能檢視 Salt,也會使得修正問題的工作變得極為困難。進入量產階段之後,將無法輕易變更 Salt。如果攻擊者知道 Salt 的值,他們就可以計算應用程式的「彩虹表」,並更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用 null Salt (None):

from django.utils.crypto import salted_hmac
...
hmac = salted_hmac(value, None).hexdigest()
...


此程式碼能夠順利執行,但任何有程式碼存取權限的人都可以存取 Salt。程式發佈後,就可能無法變更 null Salt。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 759
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_null_salt
Abstract
應使用加密式虛擬亂數產生器來建立 Salt 值。
Explanation
應使用加密式虛擬亂數產生器來建立 Salt 值。不使用隨機 Salt 值會使產生的雜湊或 HMAC 更易於預測,且更易受到字典攻擊。

範例 1:以下程式碼重複使用密碼做為 Salt:


...
byte[] passwd = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtPassword.Text);
Rfc2898DeriveBytes rfc = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(passwd, passwd,10001);
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.dotnet.weak_cryptographic_hash_predictable_salt
Abstract
應使用加密式虛擬亂數產生器來建立 Salt 值。
Explanation
應使用加密式虛擬亂數產生器來建立 Salt 值。不使用隨機 Salt 值會使產生的雜湊或 HMAC 更易於預測,且更易受到字典攻擊。

範例 1:以下程式碼重複使用密碼做為 Salt:



function register(){
$password = $_GET['password'];
$username = $_GET['username'];

$hash = hash_pbkdf2('sha256', $password, $password, 100000);
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.php.weak_cryptographic_hash_predictable_salt
Abstract
應使用加密式虛擬亂數產生器來建立 Salt 值。
Explanation
應使用加密式虛擬亂數產生器來建立 Salt 值。不使用隨機 Salt 值會使產生的雜湊或 HMAC 更易於預測,且更易受到字典攻擊。

範例 1:以下程式碼重複使用密碼做為 Salt:


import hashlib, binascii

def register(request):
password = request.GET['password']
username = request.GET['username']

dk = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', password, password, 100000)
hash = binascii.hexlify(dk)
store(username, hash)
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_predictable_salt
Abstract
應使用加密式虛擬亂數產生器來建立 Salt 值。
Explanation
應使用加密式虛擬亂數產生器來建立 Salt 值。不使用隨機 Salt 值會使產生的雜湊或 HMAC 更易於預測,且更易受到字典攻擊。

範例 1:以下程式碼重複使用密碼做為 Salt:


require 'openssl'
...
req = Rack::Response.new
password = req.params['password']
...
key = OpenSSL::PKCS5::pbkdf2_hmac(password, password, 100000, 256, 'SHA256')
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 759
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_predictable_salt
Abstract
使用加密式雜湊內使用者控制的演算法可讓攻擊者指定安全性較低的加密式雜湊演算法,從而危害資料完整性和應用程式的安全性。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的演算法問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料用於指定加密式雜湊演算法。

如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的演算法是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳遞到應用程式,然後資料用於指定加密式雜湊演算法。攻擊者可指定如 MD5 等具有已知弱點的雜湊演算法,來破壞資料完整性和應用程式的安全性。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的演算法:

...
string hashname = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["hash"];
...
HashAlgorithm ha = HashAlgorithm.Create(hashname);
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改屬性 hash 操縱雜湊演算法。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的演算法相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出特定加密式雜湊的演算法參數。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.dotnet.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_algorithm
Abstract
使用加密式雜湊內使用者控制的演算法可讓攻擊者指定安全性較低的加密式雜湊演算法,從而危害資料完整性和應用程式的安全性。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的演算法問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料用於指定加密式雜湊演算法。

如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的演算法是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳遞到應用程式,然後資料用於指定加密式雜湊演算法。攻擊者可指定如 MD5 等具有已知弱點的雜湊演算法,來破壞資料完整性和應用程式的安全性。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的演算法:

...
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));
String algorithm = prop.getProperty("hash");
...
MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);
messageDigest.update(hashInput.getBytes("UTF-8"));
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改屬性 hash 操縱雜湊演算法。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的演算法相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出特定加密式雜湊的演算法參數。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_algorithm
Abstract
使用加密式雜湊內使用者控制的演算法可讓攻擊者指定安全性較低的加密式雜湊演算法,從而危害資料完整性和應用程式的安全性。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的演算法問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料用於指定加密式雜湊演算法。

如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的演算法是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳遞到應用程式,然後用於指定加密式雜湊演算法。攻擊者可指定如 MD5 等具有已知弱點的雜湊演算法,來破壞資料完整性和應用程式的安全性。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的演算法:

require 'openssl'
require 'csv'
...
CSV.read(my_file).each do |row|
...
hash = row[4]
...
digest = OpenSSL::Digest.new(hash, data)
...
end
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改 CSV 檔案中的 hash 操縱雜湊演算法。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的演算法相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出特定加密式雜湊的演算法參數。
References
[1] Xiaoyun Wang MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators
[2] Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1
[3] Xiaoyun Wang and Hongbo Yu How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
[4] SDL Development Practices Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_algorithm
Abstract
一種產生加密式雜湊的方法,會從使用者輸入中傳遞一個最小位元值。
Explanation
這可讓攻擊者指定空的最小位元,以便更輕鬆地判斷雜湊值,以及洩露程式如何執行其加密式雜湊的相關資訊。低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的最小位元問題會在以下情況中發生:

1.資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式。

2.使用者控制的資料包含在最小位元中,或全部用作加密式雜湊函數內的最小位元。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的最小位元是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作加密式雜湊函數中最小位元的全部或一部分。

使用者控制的最小位元可以啟用各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為要雜湊的資料指定空的最小位元。攻擊者可使用大量不同的雜湊演算法來快速雜湊要雜湊的資料,近而洩露有關應用程式內使用的雜湊實作的資訊。透過限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他資料值。
2.2.如果攻擊者可操縱其他使用者的最小位元,或誘騙其他使用者使用空的最小位元,攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並且輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的最小位元來進行密碼雜湊:

...
String minimumBits = prop.getProperty("minimumbits");
Hashing.goodFastHash(minimumBits).hashString("foo", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
...
Example 1 中的程式碼成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改屬性 minimumBits 操縱用於雜湊密碼的最小位元。程式發佈後,就難以復原與使用者控制的最小位元相關的問題,因為您可能沒有辦法瞭解密碼雜湊是否有由惡意使用者設定的最小位元。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.java.weak_cryptographic.guava.user.controlled.minimumbit
Abstract
可能受感染的使用者輸入不應做為 Salt 參數來傳遞到密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF)。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式。

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF) 內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳遞到應用程式,然後資料用作 PBKDF 中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1. 攻擊者可能使用此弱點為他們自己的密碼指定空 Salt。由此,使用大量不同的密碼型金鑰衍生函數來快速衍生自己的密碼,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的 PBKDF 實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他密碼。
2. 如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則這些使用者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定衍生值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt:

string salt = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["salt"];
...
Rfc2898DeriveBytes rfc = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes("password", Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(salt));
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改屬性 salt 操縱用於衍生金鑰或密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.dotnet.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_pbe_salt
Abstract
可能受感染的使用者輸入不應做為 Salt 參數來傳遞到密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF)。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF) 內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作 PBKDF 中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者控制的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為他們自己的密碼指定空 Salt。由此,使用大量不同的密碼型金鑰衍生函數來快速衍生自己的密碼,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的 PBKDF 實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他密碼。
2.如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定衍生值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt:

...
salt = getenv("SALT");
PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC(pass, sizeof(pass), salt, sizeof(salt), ITERATION, EVP_sha512(), outputBytes, digest);
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改環境變數 SALT 操縱用於衍生金鑰或密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.cpp.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_pbe_salt
Abstract
可能受感染的使用者輸入不應做為 Salt 參數來傳遞到密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF)。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF) 內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作 PBKDF 中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為他們自己的密碼指定空 Salt。由此,使用大量不同的密碼型金鑰衍生函數來快速衍生自己的密碼,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的 PBKDF 實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他密碼。
2.如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定衍生值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt:

...
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("local.properties"));
String salt = prop.getProperty("salt");
...
PBEKeySpec pbeSpec=new PBEKeySpec(password);
SecretKeyFactory keyFact=SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(CIPHER_ALG);
PBEParameterSpec defParams=new PBEParameterSpec(salt,100000);
Cipher cipher=Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALG);
cipher.init(cipherMode,keyFact.generateSecret(pbeSpec),defParams);
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改屬性 salt 操縱用於衍生金鑰或密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_pbe_salt
Abstract
可能受感染的使用者輸入不應做為 Salt 參數來傳遞到密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF)。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1.資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2.使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF) 內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳遞到應用程式,然後資料用作 PBKDF 中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為他們自己的密碼指定空 Salt。由此,使用大量不同的密碼型金鑰衍生函數來快速衍生自己的密碼,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的 PBKDF 實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他密碼。
2.如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定衍生值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt:

...
@property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *inputTextField;
...
NSString *salt = _inputTextField.text;
const char *salt_cstr = [salt cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
...
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(kCCPBKDF2,
password,
passwordLen,
salt_cstr,
salt.length,
kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256,
100000,
derivedKey,
derivedKeyLen);
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均將能夠透過修改 UITextField inputTextField 中的文字,操縱用於衍生金鑰或密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.objc.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_pbe_salt
Abstract
可能受感染的使用者輸入不應做為 Salt 參數來傳遞到密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF)。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1.資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式。

2.使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF) 內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳遞到應用程式,然後資料用作 PBKDF 中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為他們自己的密碼指定空 Salt。由此,使用大量不同的密碼型金鑰衍生函數來快速衍生自己的密碼,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的 PBKDF 實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他密碼。
2.如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定衍生值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt:


function register(){
$password = $_GET['password'];
$username = $_GET['username'];
$salt = getenv('SALT');

$hash = hash_pbkdf2('sha256', $password, $salt, 100000);
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改環境變數 SALT 操縱用於衍生金鑰或密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.php.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_pbe_salt
Abstract
可能受感染的使用者輸入不應做為 Salt 參數來傳遞到密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF)。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式。

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF) 內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作 PBKDF 中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為他們自己的密碼指定空 Salt。由此,使用大量不同的密碼型金鑰衍生函數來快速衍生自己的密碼,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的 PBKDF 實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他密碼。
2.如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定衍生值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt:

import hashlib, binascii

def register(request):
password = request.GET['password']
username = request.GET['username']
salt = os.environ['SALT']

dk = hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha256', password, salt, 100000)
hash = binascii.hexlify(dk)
store(username, hash)
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改環境變數 SALT 操縱用於衍生金鑰或密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_pbe_salt
Abstract
可能受感染的使用者輸入不應做為 Salt 參數來傳遞到密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF)。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF) 內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作 PBKDF 中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1. 攻擊者可能使用此弱點為他們自己的密碼指定空 Salt。由此,使用大量不同的密碼型金鑰衍生函數來快速衍生自己的密碼,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的 PBKDF 實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他密碼。
2. 如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定衍生值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt:

...
salt=io.read
key = OpenSSL::PKCS5::pbkdf2_hmac(pass, salt, iter_count, 256, 'SHA256')
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改 salt 中的文字操縱用於衍生金鑰或密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_pbe_salt
Abstract
可能受感染的使用者輸入不應做為 Salt 參數來傳遞到密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF)。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作密碼型金鑰衍生函數 (PBKDF) 內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 PBE Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳遞到應用程式,然後資料用作 PBKDF 中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1. 攻擊者可能使用此弱點為他們自己的密碼指定空 Salt。由此,使用大量不同的密碼型金鑰衍生函數來快速衍生自己的密碼,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的 PBKDF 實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他密碼。
2. 如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定衍生值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt:

...
@IBOutlet weak var inputTextField : UITextField!
...
let salt = (inputTextField.text as NSString).dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
let saltPointer = UnsafePointer<UInt8>(salt.bytes)
let saltLength = size_t(salt.length)
...
let algorithm : CCPBKDFAlgorithm = CCPBKDFAlgorithm(kCCPBKDF2)
let prf : CCPseudoRandomAlgorithm = CCPseudoRandomAlgorithm(kCCPRFHmacAlgSHA256)
CCKeyDerivationPBKDF(algorithm,
passwordPointer,
passwordLength,
saltPointer,
saltLength,
prf,
100000,
derivedKeyPointer,
derivedKeyLength)
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均將能夠透過修改 UITextField inputTextField 中的文字,操縱用於衍生金鑰或密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.swift.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_pbe_salt
Abstract
這些函數可產生將被傳送 Salt 的加密式雜湊,不應使用受感染的 Salt 引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作加密式雜湊函數內的 Salt。

如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作加密式雜湊中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者控制的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為要雜湊的資料指定空 Salt。由此,在攻擊者主導下,使用大量不同的雜湊演算法來快速雜湊要雜湊的資料,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的雜湊實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他資料值。
2.如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者能夠計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt 來進行密碼雜湊:

...
salt = getenv("SALT");
password = crypt(getpass("Password:"), salt);
...
Example 1 將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均將能夠透過修改環境變數 SALT 操縱用於雜湊密碼的 Salt。此外,此程式碼使用不應用於密碼的加密式雜湊的 crypt() 函數。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.cpp.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_salt
Abstract
在可產生加密式雜湊的方法中,請勿接受 Salt 的使用者輸入。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1.資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式。

2.使用者控制的 Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作加密式雜湊函數中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

使用者定義的 Salt 可能會允許各種類型的攻擊:

1.攻擊者可使用此弱點為雜湊的資料指定空 Salt。攻擊者接著可以使用多種不同的雜湊演算法,快速控制雜湊資料,以洩露應用程式的雜湊實作。透過限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他資料值。
2.如果攻擊者可操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並且輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt 來進行密碼雜湊:

func someHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request){
r.parseForm()
salt := r.FormValue("salt")
password := r.FormValue("password")
...
sha256.Sum256([]byte(salt + password))
}
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改環境變數 salt 操縱用於雜湊密碼的 Salt。此外,此程式碼使用 Sum256 加密式雜湊函數,而此函數不應用於密碼的加密式雜湊。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.golang.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_salt
Abstract
這些方法可產生將被傳送 Salt 的加密式雜湊,不應使用受感染的 Salt 引數呼叫這些方法。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式。

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作加密式雜湊函數內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作加密式雜湊函數中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者控制的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為要雜湊的資料指定空 Salt。由此,在攻擊者主導下,使用大量不同的雜湊演算法來快速雜湊要雜湊的資料,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的雜湊實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他資料值。
2.如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者能夠計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt 來進行密碼雜湊:

...
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("local.properties"));
String salt = prop.getProperty("salt");
...
MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
digest.reset();
digest.update(salt);
return digest.digest(password.getBytes("UTF-8"));
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均將能夠透過修改屬性 salt 操縱用於雜湊密碼的 Salt。程式發佈後,就很難復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題,因為人們可能沒有辦法來瞭解密碼雜湊是否有由惡意使用者決定的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.java.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_salt
Abstract
這些方法可產生將被傳送 Salt 的加密式雜湊,不應使用受感染的 Salt 引數呼叫這些方法。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式。

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作加密式雜湊函數內的 Salt。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作加密式雜湊函數中 Salt 的全部或一部分。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為要雜湊的資料指定空 Salt。由此,在攻擊者主導下,使用大量不同的雜湊演算法來快速雜湊要雜湊的資料,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的雜湊實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他資料值。
2.如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者能夠計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt 來進行密碼雜湊:

import hashlib, binascii

def register(request):
password = request.GET['password']
username = request.GET['username']
salt = os.environ['SALT']

hash = hashlib.md5("%s:%s" % (salt, password,)).hexdigest()
store(username, hash)
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改環境變數 SALT 操縱用於雜湊密碼的 Salt。此外,此程式碼使用 md5() 加密式雜湊函數,而此函數不應用於密碼的加密式雜湊。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.python.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_salt
Abstract
這些方法可產生將被傳送 Salt 的加密式雜湊,不應使用受感染的 Salt 引數呼叫這些方法。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 問題會在以下情況中發生:

1. 資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式

2. 使用者控制的資料包含在 Salt 內,或全部用作加密式雜湊函數內的 Salt。

如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的 Salt 是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後用作加密式雜湊中的 Salt。

具有使用者定義的 Salt 的問題便是它會導致各種攻擊:

1. 攻擊者可能使用此弱點為要雜湊的資料指定空 Salt。由此,在攻擊者主導下,使用大量不同的雜湊演算法來快速雜湊要雜湊的資料,以洩露有關應用程式內使用的雜湊實作的資訊便會變得相當簡單。透過能夠限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他資料值。
2. 如果攻擊者能夠操縱其他使用者的 Salt,或誘騙其他使用者使用空 Salt,則攻擊者能夠計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並更輕鬆地判定雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的 Salt 來進行密碼雜湊:

...
salt = req.params['salt']
hash = @userPassword.crypt(salt)
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改參數 salt 操縱用於雜湊密碼的 Salt。此外,此程式碼使用不應用於密碼的加密式雜湊的 String#crypt() 函數。程式發佈後,想要復原與使用者控制的 Salt 相關的問題便會相當棘手,因為很難知道惡意使用者是否已判斷出密碼雜湊的 Salt。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.ruby.weak_cryptographic_hash_user_controlled_salt
Abstract
不應使用使用者輸入種子值呼叫產生加密式雜湊的方法。
Explanation
低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的種子問題會在以下情況中發生:

1.資料透過一個不可信賴的來源進入程式。

2.使用者控制的資料包含在種子演算,或全部用作加密式雜湊函數內的種子。


如同許多軟體的安全性弱點一樣,低等的加密式雜湊:使用者控制的種子是達到目的的一種手段,而不是一個目的。此弱點的基礎很簡單:攻擊者將惡意資料傳送至應用程式,然後將該資料用作加密式雜湊函數中種子的全部或一部分。

使用者控制的種子可以啟用各種攻擊:

1.攻擊者可能使用此弱點為要雜湊的資料指定空種子。攻擊者可使用大量不同的雜湊演算法來快速雜湊要雜湊的資料,進而洩露有關應用程式內使用的雜湊實作的資訊。透過限制使用特定版本的雜湊,這會更輕鬆地「破解」其他資料值。
2.如果攻擊者可操縱其他使用者的種子,或誘騙其他使用者使用空種子,則攻擊者可計算應用程式的「彩虹表」並且輕鬆地判斷雜湊值。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者控制的種子來進行密碼雜湊:

...
String seed = prop.getProperty("seed");
Hashing.murmur3_32_fixed(Integer.parseInt(seed)).hashString("foo", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
...
Example 1 中的程式碼將成功執行,但可取得此功能的任何人均能夠透過修改屬性 seed 操縱用於雜湊密碼的種子。程式發佈後,就很難復原與使用者控制的種子相關的問題,因為您可能沒有辦法瞭解密碼雜湊是否有由惡意使用者決定的種子。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 328, CWE ID 760
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.4.1 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.2 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.4.5 Credential Storage Requirements (L2 L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective 7.4 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002030 CAT II
desc.dataflow.java.weak_encryption_user_controlled.seed
Abstract
識別出的呼叫使用一個加密基元,其包含實作過程中引進的弱點。
Explanation
軟體錯誤是軟體實作中的錯誤。引進錯誤的原因有很多,在開發軟體時是不可避免的。加密演算法的實作也不例外。這些實作可能包含會將漏洞引進應用程式的錯誤。應用程式若仰賴不安全的加密實作,將易於受到進一步的攻擊。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 327
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation, Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.weak_cryptographic_implementation
Abstract
請勿使用過時的數位簽章演算法。
Explanation
數位簽章是一種用於確定數位訊息之真實性和完整性的技術。數位簽章演算法 (DSA) 現在已過時,不應再使用。不同於 RSA 等其他數位簽章演算法,DSA 有本質上的弱點。其會要求每個訊息的密鑰值 k 必須是加密亂數、保密,而且永遠不得重複使用。如果攻擊者可以猜出 k 的值或是誘騙簽署者使用提供的值,就可以復原私密金鑰,然後偽造任何簽章,冒充合法簽署者。同樣地,如果 k 被重複用於簽署多則訊息,攻擊者將可以復原私密金鑰。
References
[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-4: Digital Signature Standard (DSS) NIST
[2] National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-5: Digital Signature Standard (DSS) NIST
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 327
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.golang.weak_cryptographic_signature
Abstract
請勿使用過時的數位簽章演算法。
Explanation
數位簽章是一種用於確定數位訊息之真實性和完整性的技術。數位簽章演算法 (DSA) 現在已過時,不應再使用。不同於 RSA 等其他數位簽章演算法,DSA 有本質上的弱點。其會要求每個訊息的密鑰值 k 必須是加密亂數、保密,而且永遠不得重複使用。如果攻擊者可以猜出 k 的值或是誘騙簽署者使用提供的值,就可以復原私密金鑰,然後偽造任何簽章,冒充合法簽署者。同樣地,如果 k 被重複用於簽署多則訊息,攻擊者將可以復原私密金鑰。
References
[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-4: Digital Signature Standard (DSS) NIST
[2] National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-5: Digital Signature Standard (DSS) NIST
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 327
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.weak_cryptographic_signature
Abstract
請勿使用過時的數位簽章演算法。
Explanation
數位簽章是一種用於確定數位訊息之真實性和完整性的技術。數位簽章演算法 (DSA) 現在已過時,不應再使用。不同於 RSA 等其他數位簽章演算法,DSA 有本質上的弱點。其會要求每個訊息的密鑰值 k 必須是加密亂數、保密,而且永遠不得重複使用。如果攻擊者可以猜出 k 的值或是誘騙簽署者使用提供的值,就可以復原私密金鑰,然後偽造任何簽章,冒充合法簽署者。同樣地,如果 k 被重複用於簽署多則訊息,攻擊者將可以復原私密金鑰。
References
[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-4: Digital Signature Standard (DSS) NIST
[2] National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-5: Digital Signature Standard (DSS) NIST
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 327
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.weak_cryptographic_signature
Abstract
請勿使用過時的數位簽章演算法。
Explanation
數位簽章是一種用於確定數位訊息之真實性和完整性的技術。數位簽章演算法 (DSA) 現在已過時,不應再使用。不同於 RSA 等其他數位簽章演算法,DSA 有本質上的弱點。其會要求每個訊息的密鑰值 k 必須是加密亂數、保密,而且永遠不得重複使用。如果攻擊者可以猜出 k 的值或是誘騙簽署者使用提供的值,就可以復原私密金鑰,然後偽造任何簽章,冒充合法簽署者。同樣地,如果 k 被重複用於簽署多則訊息,攻擊者將可以復原私密金鑰。
References
[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-4: Digital Signature Standard (DSS) NIST
[2] National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-5: Digital Signature Standard (DSS) NIST
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.5
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 327
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.1 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.1 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.1 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002020 CAT II, APSC-DV-002290 CAT II
desc.semantic.ruby.weak_cryptographic_signature