Kingdom: Environment

This section includes everything that is outside of the source code but is still critical to the security of the product that is being created. Because the issues covered by this kingdom are not directly related to source code, we separated it from the rest of the kingdoms.

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: AKS Cluster Missing Host-Based Encryption

Abstract

An Azure service does not enable host-based encryption.

Explanation

Azure offers several encryption options, each with specific benefits and limitations. For example, Azure storage server-side encryption (SSE) performs encryption by default without using compute resources, however, it does not encrypt the temporary disk or caches. It also does not protect data flowing from a compute instance to storage. Azure Disk Encryption (ADE), encrypts both temporary disks and caches, as well as data flowing to storage, but at the expense of compute resources.

References

[1] Microsoft Overview of managed disk encryption options

[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311

[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475

[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP

[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection

[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)

[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest

[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)

[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure

[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures

[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3

[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1

[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4

[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography

[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II

[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II

[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II

[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II

[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II

desc.structural.iac.azure_misconfiguration_missing_host_based_encryption.base