Kingdom: Input Validation and Representation

Input validation and representation problems ares caused by metacharacters, alternate encodings and numeric representations. Security problems result from trusting input. The issues include: "Buffer Overflows," "Cross-Site Scripting" attacks, "SQL Injection," and many others.

Command Injection: GitHub Actions

YAML

Abstract

Directly referencing specific GitHub Action expressions in a GitHub Actions run script leaves the system vulnerable to command injection.

Explanation

Direct references to GitHub Action expressions in a run script are dynamically generated. This enables for anyone with control of the input to compromise the system by using command injection.

Example 1: The following code from a GitHub Action directly references an expression in a run script that leaves the system open to command injection.


    ...
    steps:
      - run: echo "${{  github.event.pull_request.title  }}"
    ...

When the action is run, the shell script is dynamically executed, including any code the github.event.pull_request.title value represents. If the github.event.pull_request.title contains malicious executable code, the action runs the malicious code, which results in command injection.

References

[1] Security Hardening for GitHub Actions - Good Practices for Mitigating Script Injection Attacks

[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 77, CWE ID 78

[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [11] CWE ID 078

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [10] CWE ID 078

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [5] CWE ID 078, [25] CWE ID 077

[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754

[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI

[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation

[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.2.2 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.3 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.8 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.2 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.5 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M2 Inadequate Supply Chain Security

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation

[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 078

[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 078

[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 078

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002510 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 OS Commanding (WASC-31)

[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 OS Commanding

desc.structural.yaml.command_injection_github_actions