Kingdom: Encapsulation

Encapsulation is about drawing strong boundaries. In a web browser that might mean ensuring that your mobile code cannot be abused by other mobile code. On the server it might mean differentiation between validated data and unvalidated data, between one user's data and another's, or between data users are allowed to see and data that they are not.

GraphQL Bad Practices: GraphiQL Enabled

JavaScript/TypeScript
Python

Abstract

A GraphQL endpoint is created with GraphiQL enabled.

Explanation

GraphiQL is an in-browser tool that leverages the GraphQL schema introspection mechanism to provide a graphical interface for GraphQL API development and testing. GraphiQL assists users in exploring GraphQL schemas as well as composing and executing GraphQL queries.

Allowing access to GraphiQL in production is not recommended because enabling introspection of your GraphQL schemas through GraphiQL can pose a risk to your overall security posture. An attacker can use GraphiQL and introspection to obtain implementation details from a GraphQL schema that enables them to perform a more targeted attack. GraphQL schemas can leak information such as internally used fields, descriptions, and deprecation notes that might not be intended for public consumption.

Example 1: The following code initializes a GraphQL.js endpoint with GraphiQL enabled by default:


app.use('/graphql', graphqlHTTP({
    schema
}));

References

[1] OWASP OWASP Cheat Sheet Series: GraphQL Cheat Sheet

[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 94

[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094

[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001167

[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM

[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-18 Mobile Code (P2)

[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-18 Mobile Code

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls

[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094

[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3600 CAT II

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3600 CAT II

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3600 CAT II

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3600 CAT II

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3600 CAT II

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3600 CAT II

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3600 CAT II

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II

[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)

desc.structural.javascript.graphql_bad_practices_graphiql_enabled

Abstract

A GraphQL endpoint is created with GraphiQL enabled.

Explanation

GraphiQL is an in-browser tool that leverages the GraphQL schema introspection mechanism to provide a graphical interface for GraphQL API development and testing. GraphiQL helps users explore GraphQL schemas as well as compose and execute GraphQL queries.

Allowing access to GraphiQL in production is not recommended because enabling introspection of your GraphQL schemas through GraphiQL can pose a risk to your overall security posture. An attacker can use GraphiQL and introspection to obtain implementation details from a GraphQL schema that enables them to perform a more targeted attack. GraphQL schemas might leak information such as internally used fields, descriptions, and deprecation notes that are not intended for public consumption.

Example 1: The following code initializes a GraphQL endpoint with GraphiQL enabled:


app.add_url_rule('/graphql', view_func=GraphQLView.as_view(
  'graphql',
  schema = schema,
  graphiql = True
))