Kingdom: API Abuse

An API is a contract between a caller and a callee. The most common forms of API abuse are caused by the caller failing to honor its end of this contract. For example, if a program fails to call chdir() after calling chroot(), it violates the contract that specifies how to change the active root directory in a secure fashion. Another good example of library abuse is expecting the callee to return trustworthy DNS information to the caller. In this case, the caller abuses the callee API by making certain assumptions about its behavior (that the return value can be used for authentication purposes). One can also violate the caller-callee contract from the other side. For example, if a coder subclasses SecureRandom and returns a non-random value, the contract is violated.

Immutable Classes: Non-final Fields

Java/JSP

Abstract

The class is annotated as immutable, but a field is not final.

Explanation

This class has been annotated with the annotation Immutable, from the JCIP annotations package. A non-final field violates the immutability of the class by allowing the value to be changed.

Example 1: The following code for an immutable class mistakenly declares a field public and not final.


@Immutable
public class ImmutableInteger {
public int value;

}

References

[1] B. Goetz Java Concurrency in Practice. Chapter 3: Sharing Objects Guidelines

[2] Package net.jcip.annotations Specification

[3] OBJ58-J. Limit the extensibility of classes and methods with invariants CERT

[4] MUTABLE-1: Prefer immutability for value types Oracle

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 471

[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165

[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)

[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement

[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8

[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

desc.structural.java.immutable_non_final_fields