Kingdom: Security Features
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Privacy Violation: Email Disclosure
Abstract
Disclosure of a personal email address can compromise an individual's identity, their privacy, and is in direct violation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
Explanation
Disclosing personal email addresses constitutes a violation of an individual's privacy under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
The EU GDPR replaces the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, and is designed to harmonize data privacy laws across Europe, to protect and empower all EU citizens' data privacy, and to reshape the way organizations across the region approach data privacy. The GDPR provides a framework for organizations on how to handle personal data.
According to GDPR Article 4, personal data "means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person ('data subject'); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person."
Personal email addresses identify an individual and constitute personal data. Generic email addresses such as admin@somecompany.com or info@somecompany.com do not fall under GDPR as they do not identify a particular individual.
The EU GDPR replaces the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, and is designed to harmonize data privacy laws across Europe, to protect and empower all EU citizens' data privacy, and to reshape the way organizations across the region approach data privacy. The GDPR provides a framework for organizations on how to handle personal data.
According to GDPR Article 4, personal data "means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person ('data subject'); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person."
Personal email addresses identify an individual and constitute personal data. Generic email addresses such as admin@somecompany.com or info@somecompany.com do not fall under GDPR as they do not identify a particular individual.
References
[1] EUGDPR.org
[2] General Data Protection Regulation
[3] Data Protection - What is Personal Data? European Commission
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000169, CCI-001199, CCI-001312, CCI-001314, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), AU-12 Audit Generation (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1), SI-11 Error Handling (P2)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, AU-12 Audit Record Generation, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest, SI-11 Error Handling
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3620 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3620 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3620 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3620 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3620 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3620 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3620 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
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