Kingdom: Time and State

Distributed computation is about time and state. That is, in order for more than one component to communicate, state must be shared, and all that takes time.

Most programmers anthropomorphize their work. They think about one thread of control carrying out the entire program in the same way they would if they had to do the job themselves. Modern computers, however, switch between tasks very quickly, and in multi-core, multi-CPU, or distributed systems, two events may take place at exactly the same time. Defects rush to fill the gap between the programmer's model of how a program executes and what happens in reality. These defects are related to unexpected interactions between threads, processes, time, and information. These interactions happen through shared state: semaphores, variables, the file system, and, basically, anything that can store information.

Race Condition: Static Database Connection

Java/JSP

Abstract

Database connections stored in static fields will be shared between threads.

Explanation

A transactional resource object such as database connection can only be associated with one transaction at a time. For this reason, a connection should not be shared between threads and should not be stored in a static field. See Section 4.2.3 of the J2EE Specification for more details.

Example 1:


public class ConnectionManager {

private static Connection conn = initDbConn();
...
}

References

[1] Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition Specification, v1.4 Sun Microsystems

[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 362, CWE ID 567

[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [22] CWE ID 362

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [21] CWE ID 362

[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-003178

[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SA-11 Developer Security Testing and Evaluation (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)

[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-6 Configuration Settings, SA-11 Developer Testing and Evaluation, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources

[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.11.2 Business Logic Architectural Requirements (L2 L3)

[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design

[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6

[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6

[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6

[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6

[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.3 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.3 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation

[20] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 362

[21] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 362

[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3630.1 CAT II

[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3630.1 CAT II

[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3630.1 CAT II

[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3630.1 CAT II

[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3630.1 CAT II

[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3630.1 CAT II

[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3630.1 CAT II

[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001995 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

desc.structural.java.race.dbconn