Kingdom: Environment

This section includes everything that is outside of the source code but is still critical to the security of the product that is being created. Because the issues covered by this kingdom are not directly related to source code, we separated it from the rest of the kingdoms.

Web Server Misconfiguration: Unprotected File

Universal

Abstract

Insecure deployment and exposure of files can supply attackers with invaluable information about the application enabling them to orchestrate targeted attacks.

Explanation

There are numerous risks associated with presence of files with easy-to-guess names and locations. Through enumeration, attackers can fingerprint platforms and applications that are known to use specific file names. These files can also lead to exposure of sensitive information and privileged functionality. Predictable file names could expose admin interfaces, sensitive system information, configuration details, business logic and allow an attacker to add, remove or modify application functionality. Reconnaissance is a fundamental step of a successful attack strategy. Predictable file names can make it very easy to map their target and obtain information essential for compromising it.

References

[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 425, CWE ID 497, CWE ID 529, CWE ID 530, CWE ID 538, CWE ID 540, CWE ID 541, CWE ID 552

[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200, [13] CWE ID 287

[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200, [14] CWE ID 287, [25] CWE ID 862

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 862, [20] CWE ID 200

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 862

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [11] CWE ID 862

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [9] CWE ID 862, [14] CWE ID 287, [17] CWE ID 200, [25] CWE ID 306

[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165

[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC

[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)

[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.12.1 Secure File Upload Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 12.5.1 File Download Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 13.1.4 Generic Web Service Security Verification Requirements (L2 L3), 13.4.2 GraphQL and other Web Service Data Layer Security Requirements (L2 L3), 14.3.3 Unintended Security Disclosure Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A10 Failure to Restrict URL Access

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A8 Failure to Restrict URL Access

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.10

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls

[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285

[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 863

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3480.1 CAT I

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3480.1 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3480.1 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3480.1 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II

[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)

[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization

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