...
String userName = User.Identity.Name;
String emailId = request["emailId"];
var client = account.CreateCloudTableClient();
var table = client.GetTableReference("Employee");
var query = table.CreateQuery<EmployeeEntity>().Where("user == '" + userName + "' AND emailId == '" + emailId "'");
var results = table.ExecuteQuery(query);
...
user == "<userName>" && emailId == "<emailId>"
emailId does not contain a single-quote character. If an attacker with the user name wiley enters the string "123' || '4' != '5" for emailId, then the query becomes the following:
user == 'wiley' && emailId == '123' || '4' != '5'
|| '4' != '5' condition causes the where clause to always evaluate to true, so the query returns all entries stored in the emails collection, regardless of the email owner.
...
// "type" parameter expected to be either: "Email" or "Username"
string type = request["type"];
string value = request["value"];
string password = request["password"];
var ddb = new AmazonDynamoDBClient();
var attrValues = new Dictionary<string,AttributeValue>();
attrValues[":value"] = new AttributeValue(value);
attrValues[":password"] = new AttributeValue(password);
var scanRequest = new ScanRequest();
scanRequest.FilterExpression = type + " = :value AND Password = :password";
scanRequest.TableName = "users";
scanRequest.ExpressionAttributeValues = attrValues;
var scanResponse = await ddb.ScanAsync(scanRequest);
...
Email = :value AND Password = :password
Username = :value AND Password = :password
type only contains any of the expected values. If an attacker provides a type value such as :value = :value OR :value, then the query becomes the following::value = :value OR :value = :value AND Password = :password
:value = :value condition causes the where clause to always evaluate to true, so the query returns all entries stored in the users collection, regardless of the email owner.
...
// "type" parameter expected to be either: "Email" or "Username"
String type = request.getParameter("type")
String value = request.getParameter("value")
String password = request.getParameter("password")
DynamoDbClient ddb = DynamoDbClient.create();
HashMap<String, AttributeValue> attrValues = new HashMap<String,AttributeValue>();
attrValues.put(":value", AttributeValue.builder().s(value).build());
attrValues.put(":password", AttributeValue.builder().s(password).build());
ScanRequest queryReq = ScanRequest.builder()
.filterExpression(type + " = :value AND Password = :password")
.tableName("users")
.expressionAttributeValues(attrValues)
.build();
ScanResponse response = ddb.scan(queryReq);
...
Email = :value AND Password = :password
Username = :value AND Password = :password
type only contains any of the expected values. If an attacker provides a type value such as :value = :value OR :value, then the query becomes the following::value = :value OR :value = :value AND Password = :password
:value = :value condition causes the where clause to always evaluate to true, so the query returns all entries stored in the users collection, regardless of the email owner.
...
String userName = User.Identity.Name;
String emailId = request["emailId"];
var coll = mongoClient.GetDatabase("MyDB").GetCollection<BsonDocument>("emails");
var docs = coll.Find(new BsonDocument("$where", "this.name == '" + name + "'")).ToList();
...
this.owner == "<userName>" && this.emailId == "<emailId>"
emailId does not contain a single-quote character. If an attacker with the user name wiley enters the string "123' || '4' != '5" for emailId, then the query becomes the following:
this.owner == 'wiley' && this.emailId == '123' || '4' != '5'
|| '4' != '5' condition causes the where clause to always evaluate to true, so the query returns all entries stored in the emails collection, regardless of the email owner.
...
String userName = ctx.getAuthenticatedUserName();
String emailId = request.getParameter("emailId")
MongoCollection<Document> col = mongoClient.getDatabase("MyDB").getCollection("emails");
BasicDBObject Query = new BasicDBObject();
Query.put("$where", "this.owner == \"" + userName + "\" && this.emailId == \"" + emailId + "\"");
FindIterable<Document> find= col.find(Query);
...
this.owner == "<userName>" && this.emailId == "<emailId>"
emailId does not contain a double-quote character. If an attacker with the user name wiley enters the string 123" || "4" != "5 for emailId, then the query becomes the following:
this.owner == "wiley" && this.emailId == "123" || "4" != "5"
|| "4" != "5" condition causes the where clause to always evaluate to true, so the query returns all entries stored in the emails collection, regardless of the email owner.
...
userName = req.field('userName')
emailId = req.field('emaiId')
results = db.emails.find({"$where", "this.owner == \"" + userName + "\" && this.emailId == \"" + emailId + "\""});
...
this.owner == "<userName>" && this.emailId == "<emailId>"
emailId does not contain a double-quote character. If an attacker with the user name wiley enters the string 123" || "4" != "5 for emailId, then the query becomes the following:
this.owner == "wiley" && this.emailId == "123" || "4" != "5"
|| "4" != "5" condition causes the where clause to always evaluate to true, so the query returns all entries stored in the emails collection, regardless of the email owner.NullException.cmd" defined. If an attacker can control the program's environment so that "cmd" is not defined, the program throws a null-pointer exception when it attempts to call the Trim() method.
string cmd = null;
...
cmd = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("cmd");
cmd = cmd.Trim();
null before checking if the pointer is null. Dereference-after-check errors occur when a program makes an explicit check for null, but proceeds to dereference the pointer when it is known to be null. Errors of this type are often the result of a typo or programmer oversight. A dereference-after-store error occurs when a program explicitly sets a pointer to null and dereferences it later. This error is often the result of a programmer initializing a variable to null when it is declared.ptr is not NULL. That assumption is made explicit when the programmer dereferences the pointer. This assumption is later contradicted when the programmer checks ptr against NULL. If ptr can be NULL when it is checked in the if statement then it can also be NULL when it dereferenced and may cause a segmentation fault.Example 2: In the following code, the programmer confirms that the variable
ptr->field = val;
...
if (ptr != NULL) {
...
}
ptr is NULL and subsequently dereferences it erroneously. If ptr is NULL when it is checked in the if statement, then a null dereference will occur, thereby causing a segmentation fault.Example 3: In the following code, the programmer forgets that the string
if (ptr == null) {
ptr->field = val;
...
}
'\0' is actually 0 or NULL, thereby dereferencing a null-pointer and causing a segmentation fault.Example 4: In the following code, the programmer explicitly sets the variable
if (ptr == '\0') {
*ptr = val;
...
}
ptr to NULL. Later, the programmer dereferences ptr before checking the object for a null value.
*ptr = NULL;
...
ptr->field = val;
...
}
NullPointerException.cmd" defined. If an attacker can control the program's environment so that "cmd" is not defined, the program throws a null-pointer exception when it attempts to call the trim() method.
String val = null;
...
cmd = System.getProperty("cmd");
if (cmd)
val = util.translateCommand(cmd);
...
cmd = val.trim();
Equals() and GetHashCode().a.Equals(b) == true then a.GetHashCode() == b.GetHashCode().Equals() but not GetHashCode().
public class Halfway() {
public override boolean Equals(object obj) {
...
}
}
SqlClientPermission object, which regulates how users are allowed to connect to a database. In this example, the program passes false as the second parameter to the constructor, which controls whether users are allowed to connect with blank passwords. Passing false to this parameter indicates that blank passwords should not be allowed.
...
SCP = new SqlClientPermission(pstate, false);
...
PermissionState object passed as the first parameter supersedes any value passed to the second parameter, the constructor allows blank passwords for database connections, which contradicts the second argument. To disallow blank passwords, the program should pass PermissionState.None to the first parameter of the constructor. Because of the ambiguity in its functionality, the two-parameter version of the SqlClientPermission constructor has been deprecated in favor of the single parameter version, which conveys the same degree of information without the risk of misinterpretation.getpw() to verify that a plain text password matches a user's encrypted password. If the password is valid, the function sets result to 1; otherwise it is set to 0.
...
getpw(uid, pwdline);
for (i=0; i<3; i++){
cryptpw=strtok(pwdline, ":");
pwdline=0;
}
result = strcmp(crypt(plainpw,cryptpw), cryptpw) == 0;
...
getpw() function can be problematic from a security standpoint, because it can overflow the buffer passed to its second parameter. Because of this vulnerability, getpw() has been supplanted by getpwuid(), which performs the same lookup as getpw() but returns a pointer to a statically-allocated structure to mitigate the risk.
...
String name = new String(nameBytes, highByte);
...
nameBytes. Due to the evolution of the charsets used to encode strings, this constructor was deprecated and replaced by a constructor that accepts as one of its parameters the name of the charset used to encode the bytes for conversion.Digest::HMAC stdlib, which use of is explicitly discouraged in the documentation due to accidental involvement within a release.
require 'digest/hmac'
hmac = Digest::HMAC.new("foo", Digest::RMD160)
...
hmac.update(buf)
...
Digest::HMAC class was deprecated immediately upon involvement due to accidental inclusion within a release. Due to possibility of this not working as expected because of experimental and not properly tested code, use of this is highly discouraged, especially considering the relation HMACs have in relation to cryptographic functionality.block.blockhash(), which has been deprecated since version 0.5.0 of the Solidity compiler.
bytes32 blockhash = block.blockhash(0);
Assert() with a specific permission it is a way to say that the current controlflow has the specified permission. This in turn leads to the .NET framework stopping any further permission checks as long as it satisfies the needed permissions, meaning that code that calls the code making the call to Assert() may not have the required permission. The use of Assert() is helpful in some cases, but can lead to vulnerabilities when this allows a malicious user to get control of a resource that they would not have permission to otherwise.
IPAddress hostIPAddress = IPAddress.Parse(RemoteIpAddress);
IPHostEntry hostInfo = Dns.GetHostByAddress(hostIPAddress);
if (hostInfo.HostName.EndsWith("trustme.com")) {
trusted = true;
}
getlogin() function is easy to spoof. Do not rely on the name it returns.getlogin() function is supposed to return a string containing the name of the user currently logged in at the terminal, but an attacker may cause getlogin() to return the name of any user logged in to the machine. Do not rely on the name returned by getlogin() when making security decisions.getlogin() to determine whether or not a user is trusted. It is easily subverted.
pwd = getpwnam(getlogin());
if (isTrustedGroup(pwd->pw_gid)) {
allow();
} else {
deny();
}
String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(ip);
if (addr.getCanonicalHostName().endsWith("trustme.com")) {
trusted = true;
}
GetChars method in Decoder & Encoding classes and the GetBytes method in Encoder & Encoding classes in the .NET Framework internally performs pointer arithmetic on the char & byte arrays to convert range of character into range of bytes and vice versa.
out.println("x = " + encoder.encodeForJavaScript(input) + ";");
...
unichar ellipsis = 0x2026;
NSString *myString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"My Test String%C", ellipsis];
NSData *asciiData = [myString dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES];
NSString *asciiString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:asciiData encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
NSLog(@"Original: %@ (length %d)", myString, [myString length]);
NSLog(@"Best-fit-mapped: %@ (length %d)", asciiString, [asciiString length]);
// output:
// Original: My Test String... (length 15)
// Best-fit-mapped: My Test String... (length 17)
...
...
let ellipsis = 0x2026;
let myString = NSString(format:"My Test String %C", ellipsis)
let asciiData = myString.dataUsingEncoding(NSASCIIStringEncoding, allowLossyConversion:true)
let asciiString = NSString(data:asciiData!, encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding)
NSLog("Original: %@ (length %d)", myString, myString.length)
NSLog("Best-fit-mapped: %@ (length %d)", asciiString!, asciiString!.length)
// output:
// Original: My Test String ... (length 16)
// Best-fit-mapped: My Test String ... (length 18)
...
posted object. FileUpload is of type System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlInputFile.
HttpPostedFile posted = FileUpload.PostedFile;
@Controller
public class MyFormController {
...
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String uploadFile (org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile file) {
...
} ...
}
<?php
$udir = 'upload/'; // Relative path under Web root
$ufile = $udir . basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']);
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'], $ufile)) {
echo "Valid upload received\n";
} else {
echo "Invalid upload rejected\n";
} ?>
from django.core.files.storage import default_storage
from django.core.files.base import File
...
def handle_upload(request):
files = request.FILES
for f in files.values():
path = default_storage.save('upload/', File(f))
...
<input> tag of type file indicates the program accepts file uploads.
<input type="file">
...
Device.OpenUri("sms:+12345678910");
...
...
[[CTMessageCenter sharedMessageCenter] sendSMSWithText:@"Hello world!" serviceCenter:nil toAddress:@"+12345678910"];
...
// or
...
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"sms:+12345678910"]];
...
// or
...
MFMessageComposeViewController *messageComposerVC = [[MFMessageComposeViewController alloc] init];
[messageComposerVC setMessageComposeDelegate:self];
[messageComposerVC setBody:@"Hello World!"];
[messageComposerVC setRecipients:[NSArray arrayWithObject:@"+12345678910"]];
[self presentViewController:messageComposerVC animated:YES completion:nil];
...
...
UIApplication.sharedApplication().openURL(NSURL(string: "sms:+12345678910"))
...
...
let messageComposeVC = MFMessageComposeViewController()
messageComposeVC.messageComposeDelegate = self
messageComposeVC.body = "Hello World!"
messageComposeVC.recipients = ["+12345678910"]
presentViewController(messageComposeVC, animated: true, completion: nil)
...
dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
...
DATA: str_dest TYPE c.
str_dest = request->get_form_field( 'dest' ).
response->redirect( str_dest ).
...
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
...
var params:Object = LoaderInfo(this.root.loaderInfo).parameters;
var strDest:String = String(params["dest"]);
host.updateLocation(strDest);
...
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".PageReference object consisting of a URL from the dest request parameter.
public PageReference pageAction() {
...
PageReference ref = ApexPages.currentPage();
Map<String,String> params = ref.getParameters();
return new PageReference(params.get('dest'));
}
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
String redirect = Request["dest"];
Response.Redirect(redirect);
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
...
final server = await HttpServer.bind(host, port);
await for (HttpRequest request in server) {
final response = request.response;
final headers = request.headers;
final strDest = headers.value('strDest');
response.headers.contentType = ContentType.text;
response.redirect(Uri.parse(strDest!));
await response.close();
}
...
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
...
strDest := r.Form.Get("dest")
http.Redirect(w, r, strDest, http.StatusSeeOther)
...
Example 1 redirects the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
<end-state id="redirectView" view="externalRedirect:#{requestParameters.dest}" />
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
...
strDest = form.dest.value;
window.open(strDest,"myresults");
...
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
<%
...
$strDest = $_GET["dest"];
header("Location: " . $strDest);
...
%>
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
...
-- Assume QUERY_STRING looks like dest=http://www.wilyhacker.com
dest := SUBSTR(OWA_UTIL.get_cgi_env('QUERY_STRING'), 6);
OWA_UTIL.redirect_url('dest');
...
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
...
strDest = request.field("dest")
redirect(strDest)
...
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter:
...
str_dest = req.params['dest']
...
res = Rack::Response.new
...
res.redirect("http://#{dest}")
...
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".dest request parameter.
def myAction = Action { implicit request =>
...
request.getQueryString("dest") match {
case Some(location) => Redirect(location)
case None => Ok("No url found!")
}
...
}
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".requestToLoad to point to the original URL's "dest" parameter if it exists and to the original URL using the http:// scheme otherwise, and finally loads this request within a WKWebView:
...
let requestToLoad : String
...
func application(app: UIApplication, openURL url: NSURL, options: [String : AnyObject]) -> Bool {
...
if let urlComponents = NSURLComponents(URL: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: false) {
if let queryItems = urlComponents.queryItems as? [NSURLQueryItem]{
for queryItem in queryItems {
if queryItem.name == "dest" {
if let value = queryItem.value {
request = NSURLRequest(URL:NSURL(string:value))
requestToLoad = request
break
}
}
}
}
if requestToLoad == nil {
urlComponents.scheme = "http"
requestToLoad = NSURLRequest(URL:urlComponents.URL)
}
}
...
}
...
...
let webView : WKWebView
let appDelegate = UIApplication.sharedApplication().delegate as! AppDelegate
webView.loadRequest(appDelegate.requestToLoad)
...
Example 1 will attempt to request and load "http://www.wilyhacker.com" in the WKWebView.dest request parameter when a user clicks the link.
...
strDest = Request.Form('dest')
HyperLink.NavigateTo strDest
...
Example 1 will redirect the browser to "http://www.wilyhacker.com".
...
var fs:FileStream = new FileStream();
fs.open(new File("config.properties"), FileMode.READ);
var password:String = fs.readMultiByte(fs.bytesAvailable, File.systemCharset);
URLRequestDefaults.setLoginCredentialsForHost(hostname, usr, password);
...
password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
string password = regKey.GetValue(passKey).ToString());
NetworkCredential netCred =
new NetworkCredential(username,password,domain);
...
password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
RegQueryValueEx(hkey,TEXT(.SQLPWD.),NULL,
NULL,(LPBYTE)password, &size);
rc = SQLConnect(*hdbc, server, SQL_NTS, uid,
SQL_NTS, password, SQL_NTS);
...
password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
01 RECORD.
05 UID PIC X(10).
05 PASSWORD PIC X(10).
...
EXEC CICS
READ
FILE('CFG')
INTO(RECORD)
RIDFLD(ACCTNO)
...
END-EXEC.
EXEC SQL
CONNECT :UID
IDENTIFIED BY :PASSWORD
AT :MYCONN
USING :MYSERVER
END-EXEC.
...
CFG can read the value of password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
<cfquery name = "GetCredentials" dataSource = "master">
SELECT Username, Password
FROM Credentials
WHERE DataSource="users"
</cfquery>
...
<cfquery name = "GetSSNs" dataSource = "users"
username = "#Username#" password = "#Password#">
SELECT SSN
FROM Users
</cfquery>
...
master can read the value of Username and Password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
file, _ := os.Open("config.json")
decoder := json.NewDecoder(file)
decoder.Decode(&values)
request.SetBasicAuth(values.Username, values.Password)
...
values.Password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
DriverManager.getConnection(url, usr, password);
...
password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
webview.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
public void onReceivedHttpAuthRequest(WebView view,
HttpAuthHandler handler, String host, String realm) {
String[] credentials = view.getHttpAuthUsernamePassword(host, realm);
String username = credentials[0];
String password = credentials[1];
handler.proceed(username, password);
}
});
...
...
obj = new XMLHttpRequest();
obj.open('GET','/fetchusers.jsp?id='+form.id.value,'true','scott','tiger');
...
plist file and uses it to unzip a password-protected file.
...
NSDictionary *dict= [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Config" ofType:@"plist"]];
NSString *password = [dict valueForKey:@"password"];
[SSZipArchive unzipFileAtPath:zipPath toDestination:destPath overwrite:TRUE password:password error:&error];
...
...
$props = file('config.properties', FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES | FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES);
$password = $props[0];
$link = mysql_connect($url, $usr, $password);
if (!$link) {
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
...
password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
ip_address := OWA_SEC.get_client_ip;
IF ((OWA_SEC.get_user_id = 'scott') AND
(OWA_SEC.get_password = 'tiger') AND
(ip_address(1) = 144) and (ip_address(2) = 25)) THEN
RETURN TRUE;
ELSE
RETURN FALSE;
END IF;
...
...
props = os.open('config.properties')
password = props[0]
link = MySQLdb.connect (host = "localhost",
user = "testuser",
passwd = password,
db = "test")
...
password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
require 'pg'
...
passwd = ENV['PASSWD']
...
conn = PG::Connection.new(:dbname => "myApp_production", :user => username, :password => passwd, :sslmode => 'require')
PASSWD. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
val prop = new Properties()
prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"))
val password = prop.getProperty("password")
DriverManager.getConnection(url, usr, password)
...
config.properties can read the value of password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.plist file and uses it to unzip a password-protected file.
...
var myDict: NSDictionary?
if let path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("Config", ofType: "plist") {
myDict = NSDictionary(contentsOfFile: path)
}
if let dict = myDict {
zipArchive.unzipOpenFile(zipPath, password:dict["password"])
}
...
...
Private Declare Function GetPrivateProfileString _
Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetPrivateProfileStringA" _
(ByVal lpApplicationName As String, _
ByVal lpKeyName As Any, ByVal lpDefault As String, _
ByVal lpReturnedString As String, ByVal nSize As Long, _
ByVal lpFileName As String) As Long
...
Dim password As String
...
password = GetPrivateProfileString("MyApp", "Password", _
"", value, Len(value), _
App.Path & "\" & "Config.ini")
...
con.ConnectionString = "Driver={Microsoft ODBC for Oracle};Server=OracleServer.world;Uid=scott;Passwd=" & password &";"
...
password. Any devious employee with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
password = ''.
...
...
URLRequestDefaults.setLoginCredentialsForHost(hostname, "scott", "");
...
Example 1 indicates that the user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
var storedPassword:String = "";
var temp:String;
if ((temp = readPassword()) != null) {
storedPassword = temp;
}
if(storedPassword.equals(userPassword))
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing an empty string for userPassword.
...
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setClientCertificate('mycert', '');
...
...
resource mysqlserver 'Microsoft.DBforMySQL/servers@2017-12-01' = {
...
properties: {
administratorLogin: 'admin'
administratorLoginPassword: ''
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the MySQL database is configured with an empty administrator password, which an attacker can easily guess. In Bicep, this may also be shown in deployment history or logs. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change. Anyone with access to this information can use it to break into the system.
...
NetworkCredential netCred = new NetworkCredential("scott", "", domain);
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the network credential login "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
string storedPassword = "";
string temp;
if ((temp = ReadPassword(storedPassword)) != null) {
storedPassword = temp;
}
if(storedPassword.Equals(userPassword))
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing an empty string for userPassword.
...
rc = SQLConnect(*hdbc, server, SQL_NTS, "scott", SQL_NTS, "", SQL_NTS);
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the database user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
char *stored_password = "";
readPassword(stored_password);
if(safe_strcmp(stored_password, user_password))
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing an empty string for user_password.
...
<cfquery name = "GetSSNs" dataSource = "users"
username = "scott" password = "">
SELECT SSN
FROM Users
</cfquery>
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the database user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
var password = "";
var temp;
if ((temp = readPassword()) != null) {
password = temp;
}
if(password == userPassword()) {
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing an empty string for userPassword.
...
response.SetBasicAuth(usrName, "")
...
...
DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", "");
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the database user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
String storedPassword = "";
String temp;
if ((temp = readPassword()) != null) {
storedPassword = temp;
}
if(storedPassword.equals(userPassword))
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing an empty string for userPassword.
...
webview.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
public void onReceivedHttpAuthRequest(WebView view,
HttpAuthHandler handler, String host, String realm) {
String username = "";
String password = "";
if (handler.useHttpAuthUsernamePassword()) {
String[] credentials = view.getHttpAuthUsernamePassword(host, realm);
username = credentials[0];
password = credentials[1];
}
handler.proceed(username, password);
}
});
...
Example 2, if useHttpAuthUsernamePassword() returns false, an attacker will be able to view protected pages by supplying an empty password.
...
obj = new XMLHttpRequest();
obj.open('GET','/fetchusers.jsp?id='+form.id.value,'true','scott','');
...
{
...
"password" : ""
...
}
...
rc = SQLConnect(*hdbc, server, SQL_NTS, "scott", SQL_NTS, "", SQL_NTS);
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the database user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
NSString *stored_password = "";
readPassword(stored_password);
if(safe_strcmp(stored_password, user_password)) {
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing an empty string for user_password.
<?php
...
$connection = mysql_connect($host, 'scott', '');
...
?>
DECLARE
password VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
password := "";
END;
...
db = mysql.connect("localhost","scott","","mydb")
...
...
conn = Mysql.new(database_host, "scott", "", databasename);
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the database user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change."" as a default value when none is specified. In this case you also need to make sure that the correct number of arguments are specified in order to make sure a password is passed to the function.
...
ws.url(url).withAuth("john", "", WSAuthScheme.BASIC)
...
...
let password = ""
let username = "scott"
let con = DBConnect(username, password)
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the database user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
var stored_password = ""
readPassword(stored_password)
if(stored_password == user_password) {
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing an empty string for user_password.
...
Dim con As New ADODB.Connection
Dim cmd As New ADODB.Command
Dim rst As New ADODB.Recordset
con.ConnectionString = "Driver={Microsoft ODBC for Oracle};Server=OracleServer.world;Uid=scott;Passwd=;"
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the database user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
password = 'tiger'.
...
...
URLRequestDefaults.setLoginCredentialsForHost(hostname, "scott", "tiger");
...
...
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setClientCertificate('mycert', 'tiger');
...
...
resource mysqlserver 'Microsoft.DBforMySQL/servers@2017-12-01' = {
...
properties: {
administratorLogin: 'administratorUserName'
administratorLoginPassword: 'administratorLoginPass'
...
...
NetworkCredential netCred =
new NetworkCredential("scott", "tiger", domain);
...
...
rc = SQLConnect(*hdbc, server, SQL_NTS, "scott",
SQL_NTS, "tiger", SQL_NTS);
...
...
MOVE "scott" TO UID.
MOVE "tiger" TO PASSWORD.
EXEC SQL
CONNECT :UID
IDENTIFIED BY :PASSWORD
AT :MYCONN
USING :MYSERVER
END-EXEC.
...
...
<cfquery name = "GetSSNs" dataSource = "users"
username = "scott" password = "tiger">
SELECT SSN
FROM Users
</cfquery>
...
...
var password = "foobarbaz";
...
javap -c command to access the disassembled code, which will contain the values of the passwords used. The result of this operation might look something like the following for Example 1:
javap -c ConnMngr.class
22: ldc #36; //String jdbc:mysql://ixne.com/rxsql
24: ldc #38; //String scott
26: ldc #17; //String tiger
password := "letmein"
...
response.SetBasicAuth(usrName, password)
...
DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", "tiger");
...
javap -c command to access the disassembled code, which will contain the values of the passwords used. The result of this operation might look something like the following for Example 1:
javap -c ConnMngr.class
22: ldc #36; //String jdbc:mysql://ixne.com/rxsql
24: ldc #38; //String scott
26: ldc #17; //String tiger
...
webview.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
public void onReceivedHttpAuthRequest(WebView view,
HttpAuthHandler handler, String host, String realm) {
handler.proceed("guest", "allow");
}
});
...
Example 1, this code will run successfully, but anyone who has access to it will have access to the password.
...
obj = new XMLHttpRequest();
obj.open('GET','/fetchusers.jsp?id='+form.id.value,'true','scott','tiger');
...
...
{
"username":"scott"
"password":"tiger"
}
...
...
DriverManager.getConnection(url, "scott", "tiger")
...
javap -c command to access the disassembled code, which will contain the values of the passwords used. The result of this operation might look something like the following for Example 1:
javap -c ConnMngr.class
22: ldc #36; //String jdbc:mysql://ixne.com/rxsql
24: ldc #38; //String scott
26: ldc #17; //String tiger
...
webview.webViewClient = object : WebViewClient() {
override fun onReceivedHttpAuthRequest( view: WebView,
handler: HttpAuthHandler, host: String, realm: String
) {
handler.proceed("guest", "allow")
}
}
...
Example 1, this code will run successfully, but anyone who has access to it will have access to the password.
...
rc = SQLConnect(*hdbc, server, SQL_NTS, "scott",
SQL_NTS, "tiger", SQL_NTS);
...
...
$link = mysql_connect($url, 'scott', 'tiger');
if (!$link) {
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
...
DECLARE
password VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
password := "tiger";
END;
password = "tiger"
...
response.writeln("Password:" + password)
...
Mysql.new(URI(hostname, 'scott', 'tiger', databasename)
...
...
ws.url(url).withAuth("john", "secret", WSAuthScheme.BASIC)
...
javap -c command to access the disassembled code, which will contain the values of the passwords used. The result of this operation might look something such as the following for Example 1:
javap -c MyController.class
24: ldc #38; //String john
26: ldc #17; //String secret
...
let password = "secret"
let username = "scott"
let con = DBConnect(username, password)
...
Example 2: The following ODBC connection string uses a hardcoded password:
...
https://user:secretpassword@example.com
...
...
server=Server;database=Database;UID=UserName;PWD=Password;Encrypt=yes;
...
...
Dim con As New ADODB.Connection
Dim cmd As New ADODB.Command
Dim rst As New ADODB.Recordset
con.ConnectionString = "Driver={Microsoft ODBC for Oracle};Server=OracleServer.world;Uid=scott;Passwd=tiger;"
...
...
credential_settings:
username: scott
password: tiger
...
Null passwords can compromise security.null to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
var storedPassword:String = null;
var temp:String;
if ((temp = readPassword()) != null) {
storedPassword = temp;
}
if(Utils.verifyPassword(userPassword, storedPassword))
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for userPassword.null to password variables is never a good idea as it might enable attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
string storedPassword = null;
string temp;
if ((temp = ReadPassword(storedPassword)) != null) {
storedPassword = temp;
}
if (Utils.VerifyPassword(storedPassword, userPassword)) {
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
ReadPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or other problem, then an attacker can easily bypass the password check by providing a null value for userPassword.null to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
string storedPassword = null;
string temp;
if ((temp = ReadPassword(storedPassword)) != null) {
storedPassword = temp;
}
if(Utils.VerifyPassword(storedPassword, userPassword))
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
ReadPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for userPassword.null to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
char *stored_password = NULL;
readPassword(stored_password);
if(safe_strcmp(stored_password, user_password))
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for user_password.null to password variables is never a good idea as it might enable attackers to bypass password verification or it might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null to password variables is a bad idea because it can allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
String storedPassword = null;
String temp;
if ((temp = readPassword()) != null) {
storedPassword = temp;
}
if(Utils.verifyPassword(userPassword, storedPassword))
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for userPassword.null, reads credentials from an Android WebView store if they have not been previously rejected by the server for the current request, and uses them to setup authentication for viewing protected pages.
...
webview.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
public void onReceivedHttpAuthRequest(WebView view,
HttpAuthHandler handler, String host, String realm) {
String username = null;
String password = null;
if (handler.useHttpAuthUsernamePassword()) {
String[] credentials = view.getHttpAuthUsernamePassword(host, realm);
username = credentials[0];
password = credentials[1];
}
handler.proceed(username, password);
}
});
...
Example 1, if useHttpAuthUsernamePassword() returns false, an attacker will be able to view protected pages by supplying a null password.null password.null:
...
var password=null;
...
{
password=getPassword(user_data);
...
}
...
if(password==null){
// Assumption that the get didn't work
...
}
...
null to password variables because it might enable attackers to bypass password verification or indicate that resources are not protected by a password.null password.
{
...
"password" : null
...
}
null password. Null passwords can compromise security.null to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
NSString *stored_password = NULL;
readPassword(stored_password);
if(safe_strcmp(stored_password, user_password)) {
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for user_password.null to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
<?php
...
$storedPassword = NULL;
if (($temp = getPassword()) != NULL) {
$storedPassword = $temp;
}
if(strcmp($storedPassword,$userPassword) == 0) {
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
?>
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for userPassword.null to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null.
DECLARE
password VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
password := null;
END;
null to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
storedPassword = NULL;
temp = getPassword()
if (temp is not None) {
storedPassword = temp;
}
if(storedPassword == userPassword) {
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
getPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for userPassword.nil to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.nil, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
@storedPassword = nil
temp = readPassword()
storedPassword = temp unless temp.nil?
unless Utils.passwordVerified?(@userPassword, @storedPassword)
...
end
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for @userPassword.nil as a default value when none is specified. In this case you also need to make sure that the correct number of arguments are specified in order to make sure a password is passed to the function.null to password variables is a bad idea because it can allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
ws.url(url).withAuth("john", null, WSAuthScheme.BASIC)
...
null password. Null passwords can compromise security.nil to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null, attempts to read a stored value for the password, and compares it against a user-supplied value.
...
var stored_password = nil
readPassword(stored_password)
if(stored_password == user_password) {
// Access protected resources
...
}
...
readPassword() fails to retrieve the stored password due to a database error or another problem, then an attacker could trivially bypass the password check by providing a null value for user_password.null to password variables is never a good idea as it may allow attackers to bypass password verification or might indicate that resources are protected by an empty password.null and uses it to connect to a database.
...
Dim storedPassword As String
Set storedPassword = vbNullString
Dim con As New ADODB.Connection
Dim cmd As New ADODB.Command
Dim rst As New ADODB.Recordset
con.ConnectionString = "Driver={Microsoft ODBC for Oracle};Server=OracleServer.world;Uid=scott;Passwd=" & storedPassword &";"
...
Example 1 succeeds, it indicates that the database user account "scott" is configured with an empty password, which an attacker can easily guess. After the program ships, updating the account to use a non-empty password will require a code change.
...
* Default username for FTP connection is "scott"
* Default password for FTP connection is "tiger"
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
* Default username for database connection is "scott"
* Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
<!-- Default username for database connection is "scott" -->
<!-- Default password for database connection is "tiger" -->
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
-- Default username for database connection is "scott"
-- Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
# Default username for database connection is "scott"
# Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
#Default username for database connection is "scott"
#Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
// Default username for database connection is "scott"
// Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...
...
'Default username for database connection is "scott"
'Default password for database connection is "tiger"
...