Insufficiently protected data communication channels can put critical organizational data at risk of theft, tampering, or disclosure.

A Kubernetes API server can authenticate API requests by service account tokens. Such tokens are generated and signed by the Kubernetes token controller. Use the --service-account-private-key-file flag to specify the token signing key.

Example 1: The following configuration starts a Kubernetes controller manager without the --service-account-private-key-file flag.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
...
spec:
  containers:
    - command:
        - kube-controller-manager
    image: k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.9.7
...

Certification verification is essential to confirm the counterpart's identity for secure communication. A tls:context element defines a set of TLS connection configurations. Among the configurations, the tls:trust-store element specifies a file that contains certificates from trusted Certificate Authorities that a client uses to verify a certificate presented by a server. By default, the Mule runtime engine verifies the server certificate for every TLS connection.

However, if the value of the insecure attribute of the tls:trust-store element is true, server certificates are accepted without verification.

Example 1: The following Mule configuration sets the insecure attribute to true. As a result, the Mule runtime engine does not verify the server certificate of any connection with the TLS context named demoTlsContext. Such a connection is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle attack.

...
<tls:context name="demoTlsContext">
...
    <tls:trust-store ... insecure="true" ... />
...
<tls:context/>
...

Insufficiently protected data communication channels can put critical organizational data at risk of theft, tampering, or disclosure.

Zip Path Traversal Vulnerabilities occur when a malicious actor can specify Zip file entry names in a given Zip file. When a Zip file entry name is specified maliciously, an attacker can overwrite the contents of key system files when the corresponding Zip file is expanded. Attackers might use such path traversal idioms such as ../ and / to access system files otherwise out of program scope. Android applications that target Android 14 and later can by default throw an exception when idioms such as ../ and / are detected during Zip file extraction. This security feature can be overridden or disabled entirely.

Example 1: The following code disables Zip Entry Overwrite Protection.

...
dalvik.system.ZipPathValidator.clearCallback();
...

Any server containing sensitive information or privileged functionality, such as a remote administration panel, must require authentication for access. If this is not the case, an attacker can steal sensitive information or take control of a target host by simply guessing common user names.

The client can use the NoneAuth authentication method to determine the available authentication methods.

Example 1: The following Paramiko code tries to authenticate with the server using the "none" authentication request.

    client = SSHClient()
    client.connect(host, port, auth_strategy=NoneAuth("user"))

If WCF is configured not to throw an exception when it is unable to write to an audit log, the program will not be notified of the failure and auditing of critical security events may not occur.

Example 1: The <behavior/> element of the following WCF configuration file instructs WCF to not notify the application when WCF fails to write to an audit log.

<behaviors>
   <serviceBehaviors>
      <behavior name="NewBehavior">
         <serviceSecurityAudit auditLogLocation="Application"
             suppressAuditFailure="true"
             serviceAuthorizationAuditLevel="Success"
             messageAuthenticationAuditLevel="Success" />
      </behavior>
   </serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>

Developers can specify a range of compatible Solidity compiler versions to use when creating a smart contract. This is not recommended because the contract is usually developed and tested in only one of the possible versions. This leaves open the possibility of compiling it using an outdated version of the compiler that has known security vulnerabilities.

Example 1: The following line of code sets the pragma so that the smart contract will not compile in versions earlier than 0.4.5 and it will also not work on compilers of version 0.5.0 and later.

pragma solidity ^0.4.5;

Incorrectly formatted headers can result in an inconsistent security policy and user experience. This can enable attackers to perform client-side attacks even on applications that implement declarative security directives. For example, a missing space between ":" a header name and the header value might result in some browsers ignoring the header.

Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.

Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.

Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.

Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.

Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.

Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.

Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.

Backups are critical to protect against data loss or corruption. Settings that undermine backups include but are not limited to:
- Disabling data backup
- Failure to back up data regularly
- Failure to check the integrity of backups regularly
- Insufficient backup retention period

Backups are critical to protect against data loss or corruption. Settings that undermine backups include but are not limited to:
- Disabling data backup
- Failure to back up data regularly
- Failure to check the integrity of backups regularly
- Insufficient backup retention period

Backups are critical to protect against data loss or corruption. Settings that undermine backups include but are not limited to:
- Disabling data backup
- Failure to back up data regularly
- Failure to check the integrity of backups regularly
- Insufficient backup retention period

Backups are critical to protect against data loss or corruption. Settings that undermine backups include but are not limited to:
- Disabling data backup
- Failure to back up data regularly
- Failure to check the integrity of backups regularly
- Insufficient backup retention period