Reino: Encapsulation

La encapsulación consiste en crear límites fuertes. En un explorador web esto puede suponer la seguridad de que tu codificación móvil no se vea comprometido por otro código móvil. En el servidor puede significar la diferenciación entre los datos validados y los que no lo están, entre los datos de un usuario y los de otro, o entre los diferentes usuarios, los datos que pueden ver y los que no.

Insecure Storage: Universal Clipboard

Abstract
La aplicación almacena contenido en el portapapeles general, que se sincroniza automáticamente en todos los dispositivos conectados con la misma cuenta de iCloud.
Explanation
La función identificada escribe datos en el portapapeles general sin excluirlos de la sincronización Universal Clipboard entre dispositivos a través de Handoff.

El contenido escrito en el portapapeles general se almacena de forma persistente en todos los reinicios del dispositivo, las desinstalaciones de aplicaciones y las restauraciones de aplicaciones. El uso del portapapeles general con la función Universal Clipboard habilitada aumenta el riesgo de robo o modificación de los datos del portapapeles como parte de un ataque de secuestro del portapapeles por parte de una aplicación maliciosa que se ejecuta en otro dispositivo.

Además, debido a que Universal Clipboard es compatible con dispositivos que ejecutan iOS 10 y posterior o macOS Sierra y posterior, los dispositivos compatibles que ejecutan un sistema operativo anterior que no contiene actualizaciones de privacidad y seguridad más recientes dirigidas a proteger el acceso no autorizado al portapapeles presentan una mayor amenaza.

Ejemplo 1: En el siguiente código, los datos se escriben en el portapapeles general configurando la propiedad items, que comparte por defecto el contenido del portapapeles entre los dispositivos del usuario mediante Universal Clipboard.


...
UIPasteboard *pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
NSDictionary *items = @{
UTTypePlainText : sensitiveDataString,
UTTypePNG : [UIImage imageWithData:medicalImageData]
};
[pasteboard setItems: @[items]];
...
Ejemplo 2: En el siguiente código, los datos se escriben en el portapapeles general llamando al método setObjects:localOnly:expirationDate: con el comportamiento Universal Clipboard explícitamente habilitado configurando el parámetro localOnly en NO.


...
UIPasteboard *pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
[pasteboard setObjects:@[sensitiveDataString, [UIImage imageWithData:medicalImageData]]
localOnly:NO
expirationDate:[NSDate distantFuture]];
...
References
[1] UIPasteboard | Apple Developer Documentation Apple
[2] iOS Platform APIs - OWASP Mobile Application Security OWASP
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 312, CWE ID 359
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.objc.insecure_storage_universal_clipboard
Abstract
La aplicación almacena contenido en el portapapeles general, que se sincroniza automáticamente en todos los dispositivos conectados con la misma cuenta de iCloud.
Explanation
La función identificada escribe datos en el portapapeles general sin excluirlos de la sincronización Universal Clipboard entre dispositivos a través de Handoff.

El contenido escrito en el portapapeles general se almacena de forma persistente en todos los reinicios del dispositivo, las desinstalaciones de aplicaciones y las restauraciones de aplicaciones. El uso del portapapeles general con la función Universal Clipboard habilitada aumenta el riesgo de robo o modificación de los datos del portapapeles como parte de un ataque de secuestro del portapapeles por parte de una aplicación maliciosa que se ejecuta en otro dispositivo.

Además, debido a que Universal Clipboard es compatible con dispositivos que ejecutan iOS 10 y posterior o macOS Sierra y posterior, los dispositivos compatibles que ejecutan un sistema operativo anterior que no contiene actualizaciones de privacidad y seguridad más recientes dirigidas a proteger el acceso no autorizado al portapapeles presentan una mayor amenaza.

Ejemplo 1: En el siguiente código, se escriben datos en el portapapeles general utilizando el método setItems(_:options:), que comparte de forma predeterminada el contenido del portapapeles entre los dispositivos del usuario usando Universal Clipboard.


...
let pasteboard = UIPasteboard.general
let items: [[String: Any]] = [
["text": sensitiveDataString],
["image": UIImage(data: medicalImageData)!]
]
pasteboard.setItems(items)
...
Ejemplo 2: En el siguiente código, los datos se escriben en el portapapeles general utilizando el método setObjects(_:localOnly:expirationDate:) con el comportamiento Universal Clipboard habilitado explícitamente configurando el parámetro localOnly en false.


...
let pasteboard = UIPasteboard.general
let items: [Any] = [
sensitiveDataString,
UIImage(data: medicalImageData)!
]
pasteboard.setObjects([items], localOnly: false, expirationDate: Date.distantFuture)
...
References
[1] UIPasteboard | Apple Developer Documentation Apple
[2] iOS Platform APIs - OWASP Mobile Application Security OWASP
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 312, CWE ID 359
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.swift.insecure_storage_universal_clipboard