204 見つかった項目
脆弱性
Abstract
ユーザー入力によってファイル権限を直接変更できてしまうと、本来保護されているシステム リソースに攻撃者がアクセスできるようになる可能性があります。
Explanation
File Permission Manipulation のエラーが発生するのは、次の条件のいずれかに一致した場合です。

1.攻撃者が、ファイル システム上でのアクセス許可を変更する操作で使用されるパスを指定する可能性がある場合。

2.攻撃者が、ファイル システム上での操作によって割り当てられるアクセス許可を指定する可能性がある場合。

例 1: 次のコードは、システム環境変数からの入力を使用して、ファイル権限を設定します。攻撃者がシステム環境変数を変更できる場合、プログラムを使用することによって、プログラムで操作されるファイルにアクセスする可能性があります。プログラムに Path Manipulation の脆弱性も存在している場合、攻撃者はこの脆弱性を利用してシステム上の任意のファイルにアクセスする可能性があります。


permissions := strconv.Atoi(os.Getenv("filePermissions"));
fMode := os.FileMode(permissions)
os.chmod(filePath, fMode);
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.golang.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
ユーザー入力によってファイル権限を直接変更できてしまうと、本来保護されているシステム リソースに攻撃者がアクセスできるようになる可能性があります。
Explanation
ファイル権限操作のエラーが発生するのは、次の条件のいずれかに一致した場合です。

1. 攻撃者が、アクセス許可を変更する操作で使用されたパスをファイル システムで指定できる場合。

2. 攻撃者が、操作によって割り当てられたアクセス許可をファイル システムで指定できる場合。

例 1: 次のコードでは、システム プロパティからの入力を使用してデフォルトの権限マスクを設定しています。攻撃者がシステム プロパティを変更できる場合、プログラムを使用することによって、プログラムで操作されるファイルにアクセスすることが可能です。プログラムに Path Manipulation の脆弱性も存在している場合、攻撃者はこの脆弱性を利用してシステム上の任意のファイルにアクセスすることができます。


String permissionMask = System.getProperty("defaultFileMask");
Path filePath = userFile.toPath();
...
Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = PosixFilePermissions.fromString(permissionMask);
Files.setPosixFilePermissions(filePath, perms);
...
References
[1] FIO01-J. Create files with appropriate access permissions CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
ユーザー入力によってファイル権限を直接変更できてしまうと、本来保護されているシステム リソースに攻撃者がアクセスできるようになる可能性があります。
Explanation
ファイル権限操作のエラーが発生するのは、次の条件のいずれかに一致した場合です。

1. 攻撃者が、アクセス許可を変更する操作で使用されたパスをファイル システムで指定できる場合。

2. 攻撃者が、操作によって割り当てられたアクセス許可をファイル システムで指定できる場合。

例: 次のコードの目的は、FTP 経由で Web ページをアップロードするユーザーに対して適切なファイル権限を設定することです。このコードでは、外部ユーザーに対してファイルを表示可能にするために、HTTP リクエストの入力を使用しています。


$rName = $_GET['publicReport'];
chmod("/home/". authenticateUser . "/public_html/" . rName,"0755");
...


しかし、攻撃者が publicReport に悪意のある値 (../../localuser/public_html/.htpasswd など) を指定した場合、指定されたファイルは攻撃者から読み取り可能となります。

例 2: 次のコードでは、設定ファイルからの入力を使用してデフォルトの権限マスクを設定しています。攻撃者が設定ファイルを変更できる場合、プログラムを使用することによって、プログラムで操作されるファイルにアクセスすることが可能です。プログラムに Path Manipulation の脆弱性も存在している場合、攻撃者はこの脆弱性を利用してシステム上の任意のファイルにアクセスすることができます。


...
$mask = $CONFIG_TXT['perms'];
chmod($filename,$mask);
...
References
[1] G. Hoglund, G. McGraw Exploiting Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.php.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
ユーザー入力によってファイル権限を直接変更できてしまうと、本来保護されているシステム リソースに攻撃者がアクセスできるようになる可能性があります。
Explanation
File Permission Manipulation のエラーが発生するのは、次の条件のいずれかに一致した場合です。

1. 攻撃者が、アクセス許可を変更する操作で使用されたパスをファイル システムで指定できる場合。

2. 攻撃者が、操作によって割り当てられたアクセス許可をファイル システムで指定できる場合。

例 1: 次のコードは、システム環境変数からの入力を使用して、ファイル権限を設定します。攻撃者がシステム環境変数を変更できる場合、プログラムを使用することによって、プログラムで操作されるファイルにアクセスすることが可能です。プログラムに Path Manipulation の脆弱性も存在している場合、攻撃者はこの脆弱性を利用してシステム上の任意のファイルにアクセスすることができます。


permissions = os.getenv("filePermissions");
os.chmod(filePath, permissions);
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.python.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
ユーザー入力によってファイル権限を直接変更できてしまうと、本来保護されているシステム リソースに攻撃者がアクセスできるようになる可能性があります。
Explanation
ファイル権限操作のエラーが発生するのは、次の条件のいずれかに一致した場合です。

1. 攻撃者が、アクセス許可を変更する操作で使用されたパスをファイル システムで指定できる場合。

2. 攻撃者が、操作によって割り当てられたアクセス許可をファイル システムで指定できる場合。

例: 次のコードの目的は、FTP 経由で Web ページをアップロードするユーザーに対して適切なファイル権限を設定することです。このコードでは、外部ユーザーに対してファイルを表示可能にするために、HTTP リクエストの入力を使用しています。


...
rName = req['publicReport']
File.chmod("/home/#{authenticatedUser}/public_html/#{rName}", "0755")
...


しかし、攻撃者が publicReport に悪意のある値 (../../localuser/public_html/.htpasswd など) を指定した場合、指定されたファイルは攻撃者から読み取り可能となります。

例 2: 次のコードでは、設定ファイルからの入力を使用してデフォルトの権限マスクを設定しています。攻撃者が設定ファイルを変更できる場合、プログラムを使用することによって、プログラムで操作されるファイルにアクセスすることが可能です。プログラムに Path Manipulation の脆弱性も存在している場合、攻撃者はこの脆弱性を利用してシステム上の任意のファイルにアクセスすることができます。


...
mask = config_params['perms']
File.chmod(filename, mask)
...
References
[1] G. Hoglund, G. McGraw Exploiting Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.ruby.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
このプログラムでは、クロスドメインポリシーを過剰に許可して定義しています。
Explanation
デフォルトでは、Flash アプリケーションには、同一生成元ポリシーが適用され、データ元が同じドメインである場合にのみ、2 つの SWF アプリケーションが互いのデータにアクセスできるようになります。Adobe Flash は、プログラミングにより、または、crossdomain.xml 設定ファイルの該当する設定によりこのポリシーを変更することを開発者に許可しています。しかし、この設定を変更する場合には、注意が必要です。クロスドメインポリシーが過度に許容的であると、悪意のあるアプリケーションが不正な方法で攻撃対象のアプリケーションとやりとりし、偽装、データの盗み出し、リレーなどの攻撃が実行されるおそれがあるためです。

例 1: 次の引用は、ワイルドカードを使用して、アプリケーションのやりとりを許可するドメインをプログラミングにより指定している例です。


flash.system.Security.allowDomain("*");
*allowDomain() への引数として使用すると、アプリケーションのデータが、任意のドメインにある他の SWF アプリケーションにアクセスできることになります。
References
[1] Peleus Uhley Creating more secure SWF web applications
[2] Matt Wood and Prajakta Jagdale Auditing Adobe Flash through Static Analysis
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.semantic.actionscript.flash_misconfiguration_overly_permissive_cross_domain_policy
Abstract
このプログラムは、過度に許容的なカスタム ヘッダー ポリシーを定義します。
Explanation
デフォルトでは、Flash アプリケーションには、同一生成元ポリシーが適用され、データ元が同じドメインである場合にのみ、2 つの SWF アプリケーションが互いのデータにアクセスできるようになります。Adobe Flash は、プログラミングにより、または、crossdomain.xml 設定ファイルの該当する設定によりこのポリシーを変更することを開発者に許可しています。Flash Player 9,0,124,0 以降、Adobe は Flash Player がドメイン間で送信できるカスタム ヘッダーを定義する機能も導入しました。ただし、これらの設定を定義するときには注意が必要です。過度に許容的なカスタム ヘッダー ポリシーを、過度に許容的なクロスドメイン ポリシーと一緒に適用すると、悪意のあるアプリケーションが任意のヘッダーをターゲット アプリケーションに送信できるようになります。その結果、さまざまな攻撃の対象となったり、受信したヘッダーの処理方法がわからない、アプリケーションの実行エラーが発生したりする可能性があります。

例 1: 次の設定では、ワイルドカードを使用して、Flash Player がドメイン間で送信可能なヘッダーを指定しています。


<cross-domain-policy>
<allow-http-request-headers-from domain="*" headers="*"/>
</cross-domain-policy>
*headers 属性の値として使用すると、任意のヘッダーがドメイン間で送信できてしまいます。
References
[1] Peleus Uhley Creating more secure SWF web applications
[2] Matt Wood and Prajakta Jagdale Auditing Adobe Flash through Static Analysis
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.actionscript.flash_misconfiguration_overly_permissive_custom_headers_policy
Abstract
このプログラムは、検証されていないユーザー入力を使用して、適用されるクロスドメインポリシーの制限を回避しています。
Explanation
デフォルトでは、Flash アプリケーションには、同一生成元ポリシーが適用され、データ元が同じドメインである場合にのみ、2 つの SWF アプリケーションが互いのデータにアクセスできるようになります。Adobe Flash は、プログラミングにより、または、crossdomain.xml 設定ファイルの該当する設定によりこのポリシーを変更することを開発者に許可しています。しかし、この設定に影響を与えるユーザーを決定する場合には、注意が必要です。クロスドメインポリシーが過度に許容的であると、悪意のあるアプリケーションが不正な方法で攻撃対象のアプリケーションとやりとりし、偽装、データの盗み出し、リレーなどの攻撃が実行されるおそれがあるためです。ポリシー制約の回避の脆弱性は次のように発生します。

1. 信頼されていないソースからデータがアプリケーションに入り込んだ場合。

2. このデータが、クロスドメインポリシー設定のロードまたは変更に使用されます。
例 1: 次のコードは、ロードされた SWF ファイルへのパラメーターの 1 つの値を URL として使用して、クロスドメインポリシーファイルをロードしています。


...
var params:Object = LoaderInfo(this.root.loaderInfo).parameters;
var url:String = String(params["url"]);
flash.system.Security.loadPolicyFile(url);
...
例 2: 次のコードは、ロードされた SWF ファイルへのパラメーターの 1 つの値を使用して、信頼されるドメインのリストを定義しています。


...
var params:Object = LoaderInfo(this.root.loaderInfo).parameters;
var domain:String = String(params["domain"]);
flash.system.Security.allowDomain(domain);
...
References
[1] Peleus Uhley Creating more secure SWF web applications
[2] Matt Wood and Prajakta Jagdale Auditing Adobe Flash through Static Analysis
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.actionscript.flash_misconfiguration_policy_restrictions_bypass
Abstract
このプログラムでは、HTTP および HTTPS を SWF アプリケーションの通信で許可しています。
Explanation
Flash Player 7 から HTTP を介してロードされる SWF アプリケーションは、デフォルトで、HTTPS を介してロードされた SWF アプリケーションのデータにアクセスできなくなります。Adobe Flash は、プログラミングにより、または、crossdomain.xml 設定ファイルの該当する設定によりこの制約を変更することを開発者に許可しています。しかし、HTTP を介してロードされたアプリケーションは、中間者攻撃を受ける可能性があり、信頼するべきではないため、これらの設定を定義するときには、注意が必要です。

例: 次のコードは、allowInsecureDomain() をコールしています。これは、HTTP でロードされた SWF アプリケーションが HTTPS でロードされた SWF アプリケーションのデータにアクセスすることを禁止する制約を解除するものです。


flash.system.Security.allowInsecureDomain("*");
References
[1] Peleus Uhley Creating more secure SWF web applications
[2] Matt Wood and Prajakta Jagdale Auditing Adobe Flash through Static Analysis
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[25] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 862
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.semantic.actionscript.flash_misconfiguration_unauthorized_data_access
Abstract
プログラムにより、攻撃者は、クライアント アプリケーションを実行している Hadoop クラスターのコア コンポーネントを制御することが可能になります。
Explanation
Hadoop Cluster Control エラーが発生するのは次の場合です。

- 信頼できないソースからデータがプログラムに入り込んだ。

- データが NameNodeDataNodeJobTraker などの、Hadoop クラスターのコアコンポーネントで使用され、Hadoop クラスターの状態が変更された。

Hadoop クラスターは適さない環境です。クラスターノードへの未許可のアクセスから保護するセキュリティが適切に設定されていない場合、攻撃によってインフラストラクチャの制御権が奪われます。それにより、Hadoop クラスターから提供されるデータが改ざんされる可能性があります。

例 1: 以下のコードは、Hadoop クラスター マスター マシンのコマンドラインから入力を受け取る、典型的なクライアントアプリケーションの Job サブミッションを示しています。


public static void run(String args[]) throws IOException {

String path = "/path/to/a/file";
DFSclient client = new DFSClient(arg[1], new Configuration());
ClientProtocol nNode = client.getNameNode();

/* This sets the ownership of a file pointed by the path to a user identified
* by command line arguments.
*/
nNode.setOwner(path, args[2], args[3]);
...
}
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.hadoop_cluster_manipulation
Abstract
他のドメインのスクリプトを含めると、その Web ページのセキュリティを別のドメインのセキュリティに依存することになります。
Explanation
別の Web サイトにある実行可能なコンテンツを含めることは、危険です。自分のサイトのセキュリティを別のサイトのセキュリティに委ねることになります。

例: 次の script タグについて考えてみましょう。

<script src="http://www.example.com/js/fancyWidget.js"></script>
www.example.com 以外の Web サイトでこのタグが表示される場合、このサイトは www.example.com に依存し、正しい悪意のないコードが提供されます。攻撃者が www.example.com を乗っ取っている場合、fancyWidget.js の内容を改変して、サイトのセキュリティが侵害される場合があります。たとえば、fancyWidget.js にユーザーの機密情報を盗むコードが追加される可能性があります。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 494, CWE ID 829
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001167
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-18 Mobile Code (P2)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-18 Mobile Code
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M7 Insufficient Binary Protections
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[15] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Process Validation (WASC-40)
[31] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Process Validation
desc.content.html.hardcoded_domain
Abstract
機密性の高い情報を格納しているバッファのサイズ変更に realloc() を使用してはいけません。この関数によって、上書きが不可能なメモリ内に機密情報のコピーが取り残される可能性があります。
Explanation
パスワードや暗号鍵のような機密性の高いデータが、メモリから削除されないために攻撃者の目に触れる可能性がある場合に Heap Inspection の脆弱性が発生します。

realloc() 関数は、割り当てられたメモリのブロックサイズを増やす際によく使用されます。この操作は多くの場合、古いメモリブロックの内容を新しい大きなブロックにコピーする操作を必要とします。この操作は、元のブロックの内容をそのまま保持してプログラムからアクセスできないようにするため、プログラムは機密性が高いデータをメモリから消し去ることができません。攻撃者が後でメモリダンプの内容をチェックできる場合、機密性が高いデータが攻撃者の目に触れる可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは、機密性の高いデータがあるバッファで realloc() をコールしています。


plaintext_buffer = get_secret();
...
plaintext_buffer = realloc(plaintext_buffer, 1024);
...
scrub_memory(plaintext_buffer, 1024);


機密性が高いデータをメモリから消去しようと試みられていますが、realloc() が使用されているため、最初に plaintext_buffer に割り当てられたメモリにデータのコピーが残り、人目に触れる危険があります。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 244
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.6 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.cpp.heap_inspection
Abstract
重要なデータを含んだページをロックするために VirtualLock を使用しないでください。この関数は実装されないことがあります。
Explanation
パスワードや暗号鍵のような機密性の高いデータが、メモリから削除されないために攻撃者の目に触れる可能性がある場合に Heap Inspection の脆弱性が発生します。

VirtualLock 関数は、メモリ内のページをロックしてディスクにページングされるのを防止するために使用されます。しかし、Windows 95/98/ME では、この関数はスタブとしてのみ実装されており効果がありません。

References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 591
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.cpp.heap_inspection_swappable_memory
Abstract
このプログラムは非表示のフォーム フィールドを作成します。
Explanation
プログラマは、「ユーザーは非表示フィールドを見ることも、その内容を操作することもできない」という前提から、非表示フィールドの内容を信頼する傾向にあります。攻撃者はそのような想定に反して、非表示フィールドに書き込まれた値を調べ、その値を改ざんしたり不正なデータに置き換えたりします。

例:

HtmlInputHidden hidden = new HtmlInputHidden();


重要な情報が非表示フィールドに保管されている場合、そのページ上の他の情報がキャッシュされるのと同じ方法で重要な情報がキャッシュされてしまいます。すると、ユーザーの知らない間に重要な情報がブラウザキャッシュに保存される可能性があります。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 472
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002420
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[13] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 642
[14] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3610 CAT I
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3610 CAT I
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3610 CAT I
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3610 CAT I
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3610 CAT I
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3610 CAT I
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3610 CAT I
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[36] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.dotnet.hidden_field
Abstract
このプログラムは非表示のフォーム フィールドを作成します。
Explanation
プログラマは、「ユーザーは非表示フィールドを見ることも、その内容を操作することもできない」という前提から、非表示フィールドの内容を信頼する傾向にあります。攻撃者はそのような想定に反して、非表示フィールドに書き込まれた値を調べ、その値を改ざんしたり不正なデータに置き換えたりします。

例:

Hidden hidden = new Hidden(element);


重要な情報が非表示フィールドに保管されている場合、そのページ上の他の情報がキャッシュされるのと同じ方法で重要な情報がキャッシュされてしまいます。すると、ユーザーの知らない間に重要な情報がブラウザキャッシュに保存される可能性があります。
References
[1] IDS14-J. Do not trust the contents of hidden form fields CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 472
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002420
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[14] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 642
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3610 CAT I
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3610 CAT I
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3610 CAT I
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3610 CAT I
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3610 CAT I
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3610 CAT I
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3610 CAT I
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[37] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.java.hidden_field
Abstract
非表示のフォーム フィールドが使用されています。
Explanation
プログラマは、「ユーザーは非表示フィールドを見ることも、その内容を操作することもできない」という前提から、非表示フィールドの内容を信頼する傾向にあります。攻撃者はそのような想定に反して、非表示フィールドに書き込まれた値を調べ、その値を改ざんしたり不正なデータに置き換えたりします。

例:hidden タイプの <input> タグは、非表示フィールドが使用されていることを示します。

<input type="hidden">


重要な情報が非表示フィールドに保管されている場合、そのページ上の他の情報がキャッシュされるのと同じ方法で重要な情報がキャッシュされてしまいます。すると、ユーザーの知らない間に重要な情報がブラウザキャッシュに保存される可能性があります。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 472
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002420
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[13] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 642
[14] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3610 CAT I
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3610 CAT I
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3610 CAT I
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3610 CAT I
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3610 CAT I
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3610 CAT I
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3610 CAT I
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[36] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.content.html.hidden_field
Abstract
未検証の入力を URL に連結すると、攻撃者にリクエストパラメーターの値の上書きを許します。攻撃者が、既存のパラメーターの値を上書きしたり、新しいパラメーターを挿入したり、直接到達できない変数を不当に使用することを可能にする恐れがあります。
Explanation
HPP (HTTP Parameter Pollution) 攻撃は、エンコードしたクエリ文字列区切り記号を既存のパラメーターに挿入することで構成されます。Web アプリケーションがユーザー入力の不要部分を適切に削除しない場合、悪意のあるユーザーがアプリケーションのロジックを悪用して、クライアント側またはサーバー側の攻撃を行う可能性があります。Web アプリケーションに追加のパラメーターを発行し、これらのパラメーターが既存のパラメーターと同じ名前を持っている場合、Web アプリケーションは以下のいずれかで反応します。

最初のパラメーターのデータのみ取得する
最後のパラメーターのデータのみ取得する
すべてのパラメーターからデータを取得し、それらを連結する


例:
- ASP.NET/IIS は、出現するすべてのパラメーターを使用します
- Apache Tomcat は、最初に出現したもののみを使用し、それ以外は無視します
- mod_perl/Apache は、値を値の配列に変換します

例 1: アプリケーション サーバーとアプリケーション自体のロジックに応じて、以下のリクエストが認証システムを混乱させ、攻撃者に他のユーザーの偽装を許す可能性があります。
http://www.server.com/login.aspx?name=alice&name=hacker

例 2: 次のコードは HTTP リクエストからの入力を使用して 2 つのハイパーリンクをレンダリングしています。

...
String lang = Request.Form["lang"];
WebClient client = new WebClient();
client.BaseAddress = url;
NameValueCollection myQueryStringCollection = new NameValueCollection();
myQueryStringCollection.Add("q", lang);
client.QueryString = myQueryStringCollection;
Stream data = client.OpenRead(url);
...


URL: http://www.host.com/election.aspx?poll_id=4567
リンク 1: <a href="http://www.host.com/vote.aspx?poll_id=4567&lang=en">英語<a>
リンク 2: <a href="http://www.host.com/vote.aspx?poll_id=4567&lang=es">スペイン語<a>

プログラマは攻撃者が en&poll_id=1 のような lang を指定できる可能性を考慮しておらず、攻撃者が思いのままに poll_id を変更できます。
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.dotnet.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
未検証の入力を URL に連結すると、攻撃者にリクエストパラメーターの値の上書きを許します。攻撃者が、既存のパラメーターの値を上書きしたり、新しいパラメーターを挿入したり、直接到達できない変数を不当に使用することを可能にする恐れがあります。
Explanation
HPP (HTTP Parameter Pollution) 攻撃は、エンコードしたクエリ文字列区切り記号を既存のパラメーターに挿入することで構成されます。Web アプリケーションがユーザー入力の不要部分を適切に削除しない場合、悪意のあるユーザーがアプリケーションのロジックを悪用して、クライアント側またはサーバー側の攻撃を行う可能性があります。Web アプリケーションに追加のパラメーターを発行し、これらのパラメーターが既存のパラメーターと同じ名前を持っている場合、Web アプリケーションは以下のいずれかで反応します。

最初のパラメーターのデータのみ取得する
最後のパラメーターのデータのみ取得する
すべてのパラメーターからデータを取得し、それらを連結する


例:
- ASP.NET/IIS は、出現するすべてのパラメーターを使用します
- Apache Tomcat は、最初に出現したもののみを使用し、それ以外は無視します
- mod_perl/Apache は、値を値の配列に変換します

例 1: アプリケーションサーバーとアプリケーション自体のロジックに応じて、以下のリクエストが認証システムを混乱させ、攻撃者に他のユーザーの偽装を許す可能性があります。
http://www.example.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

例 2: 次のコードは HTTP リクエストからの入力を使用して 2 つのハイパーリンクをレンダリングしています。

...
String lang = request.getParameter("lang");
GetMethod get = new GetMethod("http://www.example.com");
get.setQueryString("lang=" + lang + "&poll_id=" + poll_id);
get.execute();
...


URL: http://www.example.com?poll_id=4567
リンク 1: <a href="001">English<a>
リンク 2: <a href="002">Spanish<a>

プログラマは攻撃者が en&poll_id=1 のような lang を指定できる可能性を考慮しておらず、攻撃者が思いのままに poll_id を変更できます。
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
未検証の入力を URL に連結すると、攻撃者にリクエストパラメーターの値の上書きを許します。攻撃者が、既存のパラメーターの値を上書きしたり、新しいパラメーターを挿入したり、直接到達できない変数を不当に使用することを可能にする恐れがあります。
Explanation
HPP (HTTP Parameter Pollution) 攻撃は、エンコードしたクエリ文字列区切り記号を既存のパラメーターに挿入することで構成されます。Web アプリケーションがユーザー入力の不要部分を適切に削除しない場合、悪意のあるユーザーがアプリケーションのロジックを悪用して、クライアント側またはサーバー側の攻撃を行う可能性があります。Web アプリケーションに追加のパラメーターを発行し、これらのパラメーターが既存のパラメーターと同じ名前を持っている場合、Web アプリケーションは以下のいずれかで反応します。

最初のパラメーターのデータのみ取得する
最後のパラメーターのデータのみ取得する
すべてのパラメーターからデータを取得し、それらを連結する


例:
- ASP.NET/IIS は、出現するすべてのパラメーターを使用します
- Apache Tomcat は、最初に出現したもののみを使用し、それ以外は無視します
- mod_perl/Apache は、値を値の配列に変換します

例 1: アプリケーションサーバーとアプリケーション自体のロジックに応じて、以下のリクエストが認証システムを混乱させ、攻撃者に他のユーザーの偽装を許す可能性があります。
http://www.server.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

例 2: 次のコードは HTTP リクエストからの入力を使用して 2 つのハイパーリンクをレンダリングしています。


<%
...
$id = $_GET["id"];
header("Location: http://www.host.com/election.php?poll_id=" . $id);
...
%>


URL: http://www.host.com/election.php?poll_id=4567
リンク 1: <a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=white">Mr. White に投票<a>
リンク 2: <a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green">Mrs. Green に投票<a>

プログラマは、攻撃者が「4567&candidate=green」のような poll_id を指定し、結果としてのページに以下の挿入リンクを含めるようにする可能性を考慮していなかったため、最初のパラメーターを採用するように細工されたアプリケーション サーバーでは、常に Mrs. Green が票を獲得することになりました。
<a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green&candidate=white">Mr. White に投票<a>
<a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green&candidate=green">Mrs. Green に投票<a>
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.php.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
未検証の入力を URL に連結すると、攻撃者にリクエストパラメーターの値の上書きを許します。攻撃者が、既存のパラメーターの値を上書きしたり、新しいパラメーターを挿入したり、直接到達できない変数を不当に使用することを可能にする恐れがあります。
Explanation
HPP (HTTP Parameter Pollution) 攻撃は、エンコードしたクエリ文字列区切り記号を既存のパラメーターに挿入することで構成されます。Web アプリケーションがユーザー入力の不要部分を適切に削除しない場合、悪意のあるユーザーがアプリケーションのロジックを悪用して、クライアント側またはサーバー側の攻撃を行う可能性があります。Web アプリケーションに追加のパラメーターを発行し、これらのパラメーターが既存のパラメーターと同じ名前を持っている場合、Web アプリケーションは以下のいずれかで反応します。

最初のパラメーターのデータのみ取得する。
最後のパラメーターのデータのみ取得する。
すべてのパラメーターからデータを取得し、それらを連結する。


例:
- ASP.NET/IIS は、出現するすべてのパラメーターを使用します
- Apache Tomcat は、最初に出現したもののみを使用し、それ以外は無視します
- mod_perl/Apache は、値を値の配列に変換します

例 1: アプリケーションサーバーとアプリケーション自体のロジックに応じて、以下のリクエストが認証システムを混乱させ、攻撃者に他のユーザーの偽装を許す可能性があります。
http://www.server.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

上記のように、攻撃者はすでに name=alice を指定していますが、さらに name=alice& を追加しています。これが最初に出現するサーバーで使用されると、alice になりすましてそのアカウントに関する情報をさらに取得します。
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.ruby.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
一部の関数は、検索対象のバッファーの境界外にあるメモリへのポインターを返すことがあります。ポインターに対する後続の操作は、意図しない結果をもたらす可能性があります。
Explanation
バッファー内の文字を検索する関数は、次のいずれかの状況で、指定されたバッファーの境界外にあるポインターを返すことがあります。

- ユーザーが、検索対象のバッファーの内容を制御している場合。

- ユーザーが、検索対象の値を制御している場合。

例 1: 次の短いプログラムは、rawmemchr() への呼び出しで、信頼できないコマンドライン引数を検索バッファーとして使用しています。


int main(int argc, char** argv) {
char* ret = rawmemchr(argv[0], 'x');
printf("%s\n", ret);
}


このプログラムは argv[0] のサブ文字列を出力するためのものですが、最終的に argv[0] より上位にあるメモリの一部を出力してしまうことがあります。

この問題は、文字配列に NULL ターミネータが含まれるとプログラマが信じ込んだ結果発生する String Termination Error に類似しています。
References
[1] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 466
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [17] CWE ID 119
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [19] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [17] CWE ID 119
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754, CCI-002824
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
desc.semantic.cpp.illegal_pointer_value.master
Abstract
クラスは不変として注釈が付けられていますが、フィールドが変異しています。
Explanation
このクラスには、JCIP アノテーションパッケージのアノテーション Immutable が付けられています。しかし、このクラスの可変フィールドの 1 つには、コンストラクタおよびデストラクタの外側でコールされ変更されるメソッドが存在します。

例 1: 次の不変の final クラスのコードは、Set を private および final と宣言し、Set を変更するメソッドを誤って作成しています。


@Immutable
public final class ThreeStooges {
private final Set stooges = new HashSet>();
...

public void addStooge(String name) {
stooges.add(name);
}
...
}
References
[1] B. Goetz Java Concurrency in Practice. Chapter 3: Sharing Objects Guidelines
[2] Package net.jcip.annotations Specification
[3] MUTABLE-1: Prefer immutability for value types Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 471
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
desc.structural.java.immutable_field_mutation
Abstract
クラスには不変であるというアノテーションが付けられていますが、フィールドは final ではありません。
Explanation
このクラスには、JCIP アノテーション パッケージのアノテーション Immutable が付けられています。final 以外のフィールドは、値が変更されるのを許可するため、クラスの不変性が侵害されます。

例 1: 次の不変クラスのコードは、フィールドを final と宣言するのではなく、誤って public に宣言しています。


@Immutable
public class ImmutableInteger {
public int value;

}
References
[1] B. Goetz Java Concurrency in Practice. Chapter 3: Sharing Objects Guidelines
[2] Package net.jcip.annotations Specification
[3] OBJ58-J. Limit the extensibility of classes and methods with invariants CERT
[4] MUTABLE-1: Prefer immutability for value types Oracle
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 471
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
desc.structural.java.immutable_non_final_fields
Abstract
クラスには不変であるというアノテーションが付けられていますが、フィールドは変化しています。
Explanation
このクラスには、JCIP アノテーションパッケージのアノテーション Immutable が付けられています。可変タイプの公開フィールドが使用されていると、このクラスの外部にあるコードにより内容が変更されたり、このクラスの不変性が侵害されたりします。

例 1: 次の不変の final クラスのコードは、誤って Set を public および final と宣言しています。


@Immutable
public final class ThreeStooges {
public final Set stooges = new HashSet();
...
}
References
[1] B. Goetz Java Concurrency in Practice. Chapter 3: Sharing Objects Guidelines
[2] Package net.jcip.annotations Specification
[3] MUTABLE-1: Prefer immutability for value types Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 471
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
desc.structural.java.immutable_public_mutable_fields
Abstract
アプリケーションでは、サード パーティのキーボード拡張をインストールできます。
Explanation
キーボード拡張では、ユーザーが入力したすべてのキーボード操作を読み取ることができます。サードパーティのキーボードは通常、テキスト入力を容易にするため、または絵文字を追加するために使用され、ユーザーが入力した内容または処理のためにリモート サーバーに送信した内容を記録できます。キーロガーとして使用するために悪意のあるキーボードを配布し、ユーザーが入力したすべてのキーを読み取って、認証情報やクレジット カード番号などの機密データを盗むこともできます。
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] UIApplicationDelegate Apple
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 522, CWE ID 829
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-3
desc.structural.objc.input_interception_keyboard_extensions_allowed
Abstract
アプリケーションでは、サード パーティのキーボード拡張をインストールできます。
Explanation
キーボード拡張では、ユーザーが入力したすべてのキーボード操作を読み取ることができます。サードパーティのキーボードは通常、テキスト入力を容易にするため、または絵文字を追加するために使用され、ユーザーが入力した内容または処理のためにリモート サーバーに送信した内容を記録できます。キーロガーとして使用するために悪意のあるキーボードを配布し、ユーザーが入力したすべてのキーを読み取って、認証情報やクレジット カード番号などの機密データを盗むこともできます。
References
[1] UIApplicationDelegate Apple
[2] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 522, CWE ID 829
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-3
desc.structural.swift.input_interception_keyboard_extensions_allowed
Abstract
このアプリケーションには、実運用環境に配置するように設計されていないコンポーネントが含まれています。
Explanation
Django アプリケーションは、実運用環境に配置するように設計されていない static files アプリケーションの serve ビューを開示します。Django のマニュアルには次のように記載されています。

static files ツールは、大部分において、実運用に静的ファイルを配置する作業を支援する目的で設計されています。これは多くの場合、ローカルで展開するときに大変な経費となる別個の専用静的ファイル サーバーを意味します。そのため、静的ファイル アプリに簡易ヘルパー ビューが付属します。これを利用し、開発にローカルにファイルを提供できます。

このビューは DEBUGTrue の場合にのみ機能します。

そのため、このビューは著しく非効率的であり、おそらく安全ではありません。ローカルでの開発のみを意図しており、実運用では決して使用しないでください。」
References
[1] Django Foundation The staticfiles app
[2] Django Foundation Managing static files
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000381
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M2 Inadequate Supply Chain Security
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management, Control Objective C.1.6 - Web Software Components & Services
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
desc.structural.python.insecure_deployment_non_production_ready_staticfiles
Abstract
機密リソースに予測可能な名前を使用すると、攻撃者はアプリケーションを見つけやすくなります。
Explanation
機密情報が含まれる、または特権機能を提供するアプリケーション リソースは、一般的に危険にさらされる可能性が高くなります。調査の段階で、攻撃者はそのようなファイルやディレクトリを見つけようとします。そのようなリソースに予測可能な命名規則を利用すると、攻撃者はリソースの位置を簡単に発見できます。認証、管理タスク、個人情報の取り扱いなど、機密機能に関連するアプリケーション リソースはすべて、発見されないように十分に保護する必要があります。

例 1: 次の例では、admin アプリケーションが予測可能な URL に配置されます。


from django.conf.urls import patterns
from django.contrib import admin

admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
...
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
...


データの保存を担当するリソースは、アプリケーション機能を実装するリソースから離す必要があります。プログラマーは一時的なリソースまたはバックアップ リソースを作成するときに注意する必要があります。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 340
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M2 Inadequate Supply Chain Security
[12] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[13] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[14] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Predictable Resource Location (WASC-34)
desc.structural.python.insecure_deployment_predictable_resource_name
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


FORM GenerateReceiptURL CHANGING baseUrl TYPE string.
DATA: r TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i,
var3 TYPE n.


GET TIME.
var1 = sy-uzeit.
r = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = var1 ).
r->int31( RECEIVING value = var2 ).
var3 = var2.
CONCATENATE baseUrl var3 ".html" INTO baseUrl.
ENDFORM.


このコードは CL_ABAP_RANDOM->INT31 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。CL_ABAP_RANDOM は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.abap.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


string GenerateReceiptURL(string baseUrl) {
Random Gen = new Random();
return (baseUrl + Gen.Next().toString() + ".html");
}


このコードは Random.Next() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。Random.Next() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] RandomNumberGenerator Class Microsoft
[2] System.Security.Cryptography Namespace Microsoft
[3] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.dotnet.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


char* CreateReceiptURL() {
int num;
time_t t1;
char *URL = (char*) malloc(MAX_URL);
if (URL) {
(void) time(&t1);
srand48((long) t1); /* use time to set seed */
sprintf(URL, "%s%d%s", "http://test.com/", lrand48(), ".html");
}
return URL;
}


このコードは lrand48() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。lrand48() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] B. Schneier Yarrow: A secure pseudorandom number generator
[2] CryptLib
[3] Crypto++
[4] BeeCrypt
[5] OpenSSL
[6] CryptoAPI: CryptGenRandom() Microsoft
[7] RtlGenRandom() Microsoft
[8] .NET System.Security.Cryptography: Random Number Generation Microsoft
[9] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[10] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[11] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[12] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[13] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[14] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[15] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[16] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[17] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[18] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[19] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[20] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[21] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[22] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[23] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[29] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[40] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[41] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[42] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[43] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[64] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。


コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


<cfoutput>
Receipt: #baseUrl##Rand()#.cfm
</cfoutput>


このコードは Rand() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。Rand() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] ColdFusion Java CFX Reference Adobe
[2] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[3] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cfml.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供します。しかし、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは、統計的 PRNG を使用して RSA 鍵を作成します。


import "math/rand"
...
var mathRand = rand.New(rand.NewSource(1))
rsa.GenerateKey(mathRand, 2048)


このコードは rand.New() 関数を使用して、RSA 鍵の乱数を生成します。rand.New() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される値の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.golang.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


String GenerateReceiptURL(String baseUrl) {
Random ranGen = new Random();
ranGen.setSeed((new Date()).getTime());
return (baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000) + ".html");
}


このコードは Random.nextInt() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。Random.nextInt() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


function genReceiptURL (baseURL){
var randNum = Math.random();
var receiptURL = baseURL + randNum + ".html";
return receiptURL;
}


このコードは Math.random() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。Math.random() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Crypto | Node.js documentation The OpenJS Foundation and Node.js contributors
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.javascript.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


fun GenerateReceiptURL(baseUrl: String): String {
val ranGen = Random(Date().getTime())
return baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000).toString() + ".html"
}


このコードは Random.nextInt() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの「一意の」識別子を生成します。Random.nextInt() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.kotlin.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


function genReceiptURL($baseURL) {
$randNum = rand();
$receiptURL = $baseURL . $randNum . ".html";
return $receiptURL;
}


このコードは rand() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。rand() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION CREATE_RECEIPT_URL
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
rnum VARCHAR2(48);
time TIMESTAMP;
url VARCHAR2(MAX_URL)
BEGIN
time := SYSTIMESTAMP;
DBMS_RANDOM.SEED(time);
rnum := DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('x', 48);
url := 'http://test.com/' || rnum || '.html';
RETURN url;
END


このコードは DBMS_RANDOM.SEED() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。DBMS_RANDOM.SEED() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] Oracle Database Security Guide
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.sql.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


def genReceiptURL(self,baseURL):
randNum = random.random()
receiptURL = baseURL + randNum + ".html"
return receiptURL


このコードは rand() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。rand() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.python.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


def generateReceiptURL(baseUrl) {
randNum = rand(400000000)
return ("#{baseUrl}#{randNum}.html");
}


このコードは Kernel.rand() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。Kernel.rand() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


def GenerateReceiptURL(baseUrl : String) : String {
val ranGen = new scala.util.Random()
ranGen.setSeed((new Date()).getTime())
return (baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000) + ".html")
}


このコードは Random.nextInt() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。Random.nextInt() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.scala.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードでは、統計的 PRNG を使用してパスワードのリセット トークンとして使用されるランダムな値を作成します。


sqlite3_randomness(10, &reset_token)
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.swift.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的な Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) では、暗号の弱点を利用した攻撃には耐えられません。
Explanation
Insecure Randomness エラーが発生するのは、セキュリティが重要であるコンテキストで、ランダム性のソースとして、予期可能な値を生成する関数が使用される場合です。

コンピュータは決定論的な機械であるため、真のランダム性を生成することはできません。Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) はランダム性をアルゴリズムにより近似します。最初の値はシードと呼ばれ、後続の値はそこから計算されます。

PRNG には、統計的なものと暗号的なものがあります。統計的 PRNG は有用な統計上の特性を提供しますが、その出力はきわめて予測可能で、再現しやすい数値ストリームを形成するため、生成される値を予期できないことにセキュリティが依存している場合の使用には不適切です。この問題に対処するため、暗号的 PRNG は、より予期しにくい出力を生成します。値を暗号によって保護するためには、攻撃者が生成されたランダムな値と真にランダムな値を区別することが不可能か、または非常に困難である必要があります。一般的に、PRNG アルゴリズムは、暗号的に安全であると告知されていなければ統計的 PRNG である可能性が高く、セキュリティが重要なコンテキストで使用すべきではありません。PRNG アルゴリズムを使用することで、解読されやすい一時パスワードや暗号化キー、セッションハイジャック、DNS 偽装などの深刻な脆弱性が発生する可能性があります。

例: 次のコードは統計的 PRNG を使用して、購入後の一定期間利用できる領収書の URL を作成します。


...
Function genReceiptURL(baseURL)
dim randNum
randNum = Rnd()
genReceiptURL = baseURL & randNum & ".html"
End Function
...


このコードは Rnd() 関数を使用して、領収書ページの一意の識別子を生成します。Rnd() は統計的 PRNG なので、生成される文字列の推測は攻撃者にとってはたやすいことです。領収書システムの基礎設計にも欠陥がありますが、暗号的 PRNG など、予測可能な領収書 ID を生成しない乱数ジェネレータを使えば安全性が高まります。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] CryptoAPI: CryptGenRandom() Microsoft
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.vb.insecure_randomness
Abstract
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。
Explanation
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。疑似乱数ジェネレーター (CL_ABAP_RANDOM クラスまたはそのバリアントなど) が特定の定数値を使用してシードされると、値を返すかまたは割り当てる GET_NEXTINT および類似のメソッドによって返される値を攻撃者が予測できるようになり、攻撃者は複数の PRNG 出力を収集できるようになります。

例 1: 次の引用では、オブジェクト random_gen2 で生成される値は、オブジェクト random_gen1 から予想できます。


DATA: random_gen1 TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
random_gen2 TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i.

random_gen1 = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = '1234' ).

DO 10 TIMES.
CALL METHOD random_gen1->int
RECEIVING
value = var1.

WRITE:/ var1.
ENDDO.

random_gen2 = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = '1234' ).

DO 10 TIMES.
CALL METHOD random_gen2->int
RECEIVING
value = var2.

WRITE:/ var2.
ENDDO.


この例では、疑似乱数ジェネレータ、random_gen1random_gen2 が同じようにシードされたため、var1 = var2 となります
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.abap.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。
Explanation
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。特定の値を使用して (srand(unsigned int) のような関数を使用) 疑似ランダム数値の生成機能 (rand() など) をシードすると、値を返すかまたは割り当てる rand() および類似のメソッドによって返される値は、攻撃者にとって予想可能になり、攻撃者が複数の PRNG 出力を収集できるようになります。

例 1: 疑似ランダム数値の生成機能で生成される値が、最初の 2 つのブロックで予測できます (どちらも同じシードで開始されるため)。


srand(2223333);
float randomNum = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum);
randomNum = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum);

srand(2223333);
float randomNum2 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum2);
randomNum2 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum2);

srand(1231234);
float randomNum3 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum3);
randomNum3 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum3);


この例では、randomNum1randomNum2 の結果は同一の方法でシードされているので、擬似ランダム数値の生成機能 srand(2223333) をシードするコール後の rand() への各コールは、結果的に同じコール実行順序で同じ出力になります。たとえば、出力は以下のようになります。


Random: 32.00
Random: 73.00
Random: 32.00
Random: 73.00
Random: 15.00
Random: 75.00


このような結果は決してランダムではありません。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。
Explanation
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。疑似乱数ジェネレーター (PRNG) が特定の値を使用 (math.Rand.New(Source) のような関数を使用) してシードされると、値を返すかまたは割り当てる math.Rand.Int() および類似のメソッドによって返される値を攻撃者が予測できるようになり、攻撃者は複数の PRNG 出力を収集できるようになります。

例 1: 疑似ランダム数値の生成機能で生成される値が、最初の 2 つのブロックで予測できます (どちらも同じシードで開始されるため)。


randomGen := rand.New(rand.NewSource(12345))
randomInt1 := randomGen.nextInt()

randomGen.Seed(12345)
randomInt2 := randomGen.nextInt()


この例では、PRNG が同一の方法でシードされるため、擬似乱数ジェネレーターにシードを設定したコール (randomGen.Seed(12345)) の後に nextInt() をコールすると、同じ出力が同じ順序で得られます。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[3] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.golang.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。
Explanation
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。疑似乱数ジェネレーター (Random など) が特定の値を使用 (Random.setSeed() のような関数を使用) してシードされると、値を返すかまたは割り当てる Random.nextInt() および類似のメソッドによって返される値を攻撃者が予測できるようになり、攻撃者は複数の PRNG 出力を収集できるようになります。

例 1:Random オブジェクト randomGen2 によって生成される値は、Random オブジェクト randomGen1 から予想できます。


Random randomGen1 = new Random();
randomGen1.setSeed(12345);
int randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt();
byte[] bytes1 = new byte[4];
randomGen1.nextBytes(bytes1);

Random randomGen2 = new Random();
randomGen2.setSeed(12345);
int randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt();
byte[] bytes2 = new byte[4];
randomGen2.nextBytes(bytes2);


この例では、疑似乱数ジェネレータ、randomGen1randomGen2 は同一の方法でシードされるので、randomInt1 == randomInt2、および対応する配列 bytes1[]bytes2[] の値は等しくなります。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。
Explanation
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。疑似乱数ジェネレーター (Random など) が特定の値を使用 (Random(Int) のような関数を使用) してシードされると、値を返すかまたは割り当てる Random.nextInt() および類似のメソッドによって返される値を攻撃者が予測できるようになり、攻撃者は複数の PRNG 出力を収集できるようになります。

例 1:Random オブジェクト randomGen2 によって生成される値は、Random オブジェクト randomGen1 から予想できます。


val randomGen1 = Random(12345)
val randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt()
val byteArray1 = ByteArray(4)
randomGen1.nextBytes(byteArray1)

val randomGen2 = Random(12345)
val randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt()
val byteArray2 = ByteArray(4)
randomGen2.nextBytes(byteArray2)


この例では、疑似乱数ジェネレータ、randomGen1randomGen2 は同一の方法でシードされるので、randomInt1 == randomInt2、および対応する配列 byteArray1byteArray2 の値は等しくなります。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.kotlin.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、整数の定数引数を使用してコールしないでください。
Explanation
疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、整数の定数引数を使用してコールしないでください。疑似ランダム数値の生成機能が特定の値でシードされる場合、返される値が予測できます。

例 1: 疑似ランダム数値の生成機能で生成される値が、最初の 2 つのブロックで予測できます (どちらも同じシードで開始されるため)。


...
import random
random.seed(123456)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)

random.seed(123456)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
...


この例では、PRNG が同様にシードされているため、疑似ランダム数値の生成機能 (random.seed(123456)) をシードするコールの後の randint() への各コールの結果、同じものが同じ順序で出力されます。たとえば、出力は以下のようになります。


Random: 81
Random: 80
Random: 3
Random: 81
Random: 80
Random: 3


このような結果は決してランダムではありません。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.python.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。
Explanation
ランダム値または疑似ランダム値を生成する関数 (シードが渡される) を、定数の引数を使用してコールしないでください。疑似乱数ジェネレーター (Random など) が特定の値を使用 (Random.setSeed() のような関数を使用) してシードされると、値を返すかまたは割り当てる Random.nextInt() および類似のメソッドによって返される値を攻撃者が予測できるようになり、攻撃者は複数の PRNG 出力を収集できるようになります。

例:Random オブジェクト randomGen2 によって生成される値は、Random オブジェクト randomGen1 から予想できます。


val randomGen1 = new Random()
randomGen1.setSeed(12345)
val randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt()
val bytes1 = new byte[4]
randomGen1.nextBytes(bytes1)

val randomGen2 = new Random()
randomGen2.setSeed(12345)
val randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt()
val bytes2 = new byte[4]
randomGen2.nextBytes(bytes2)


この例では、疑似乱数ジェネレータ、randomGen1randomGen2 は同一の方法でシードされるので、randomInt1 == randomInt2、および対応する配列 bytes1[]bytes2[] の値は等しくなります。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.scala.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed