272 見つかった項目
脆弱性
Abstract
アプリケーションは非推奨かつ安全でない BinaryFormatter クラスを有効にします。
Explanation
.NET では、BinaryFormatter クラスを使用して、オブジェクトを、オブジェクト自体と、デシリアライズ中にオブジェクトを再構築するために必要なメタデータの両方を含むバイナリ ストリームに変換することができます。

BinaryFormatter クラスを使用すると、攻撃者が任意のコードを実行したり、アプリケーション ロジックを悪用したり、Denial of Service 状態をトリガーしたりする可能性のある、安全でないデシリアライゼーション シナリオを引き起こす可能性があります。

BinaryFormatter 型の使用は危険であり、安全性が確立できないため、データ処理には推奨されません。

例 1: runtimeConfig.json ファイルで config プロパティ EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerializationtrue に設定することによって、アプリケーションは安全でない BinaryFormatter クラスの使用を有効にします。

...
AppContext.SetSwitch("System.Runtime.Serialization.EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization", true);
...
References
[1] Microsoft BinaryFormatter serialization methods are obsolete and prohibited in ASP.NET apps
[2] Microsoft Deserialization risks in use of BinaryFormatter and related types
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 470, CWE ID 494
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[9] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3
[10] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[11] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.semantic.dotnet.dotnet_bad_practices_binaryformatter_enabled
Abstract
アプリケーションは非推奨かつ安全でない BinaryFormatter クラスを有効にします。
Explanation
.NET では、BinaryFormatter クラスを使用して、オブジェクトを、オブジェクト自体と、デシリアライズ中にオブジェクトを再構築するために必要なメタデータの両方を含むバイナリ ストリームに変換することができます。

BinaryFormatter クラスを使用すると、攻撃者が任意のコードを実行したり、アプリケーション ロジックを悪用したり、Denial of Service 状態をトリガーしたりする可能性のある、安全でないデシリアライゼーション シナリオを引き起こす可能性があります。

BinaryFormatter クラスの使用は危険であり、安全性を確保できないため、データ処理には推奨されません。

例 1: runtimeConfig.json ファイルで config プロパティ EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerializationtrue に設定することによって、アプリケーションは安全でない BinaryFormatter クラスの使用を有効にします。

{
"configProperties": {
"System.Runtime.Serialization.EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization": true
}
}
References
[1] Microsoft BinaryFormatter serialization methods are obsolete and prohibited in ASP.NET apps
[2] Microsoft Deserialization risks in use of BinaryFormatter and related types
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 470, CWE ID 494
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[9] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3
[10] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[11] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.json.dotnet_bad_practices_binaryformatter_enabled
Abstract
このメソッドコールによってアクセス指定子が変わります。
Explanation
AccessibleObject API によって、プログラマは Java アクセス指定子によって行われる Access Control チェックを回避できます。特に、これによってプログラマは、反映されたオブジェクトが Java Access Control を迂回することでプライベートフィールドの値を変更するかまたはプライベートメソッドを呼び出せるようにすることができます。通常これらは許可されない挙動です。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 284
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-001310, CCI-002165
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1), CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change (P1), SC-3 Security Function Isolation (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement, CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change, SC-3 Security Function Isolation, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.4.2 Access Control Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 1.4.4 Access Control Architectural Requirements (L2 L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1, MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 676
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.dataflow.java.access_specifier_manipulation
Abstract
このメソッド コールによってアクセス指定子が変更されるか、回避されます。
Explanation
send 関数とそのバリアントを使用すると、プログラマは関数の Ruby アクセス指定子を回避できます。特に、プライベートの保護されたフィールドおよび関数にアクセスできるようになります。通常これらは許可されない動作です。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 284
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-001310, CCI-002165
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1), CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change (P1), SC-3 Security Function Isolation (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement, CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change, SC-3 Security Function Isolation, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.4.2 Access Control Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 1.4.4 Access Control Architectural Requirements (L2 L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1, MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 676
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.structural.ruby.access_specifier_manipulation
Abstract
Oracle ADF Faces のブックマーク可能なビューに URL パラメーター コンバーターがありません。
Explanation
通常の JSF アプリケーションでは、UI コンポーネントで指定されたコンバーターとバリデーターを使用して、値が変換および検証されます。変換と検証自体は、ページが送信されたときに行われます。Fusion アプリケーションでブックマーク可能なビューを使用すると、ページが送信されないため、デフォルトでは同様の変換や検証は実行されません。

例 1: 次の設定ファイル スニペットは、paramName URL パラメーターの変換または検証を実行しないように設定された、ブックマーク可能なビューのサンプルを示しています。


...
<bookmark>
<method>#{paramHandler.handleParams}</method>
<url-parameter>
<name>paramName</name>
<value>#{requestScope.paramName}</value>
</url-parameter>
</bookmark>
...
References
[1] Oracle(R) Fusion Middleware Fusion Developer's Guide for Oracle Application Development Framework, 15.2.3.Bookmarking View Activities
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 20
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 2.2.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 2.2.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.adf_bad_practices_missing_url_parameter_converter
Abstract
アプリケーションで内部 API または非表示 API を呼び出します。
Explanation
開発者がドキュメントに記載されていない、または非表示の API を使用してアプリケーションを構築することはお勧めしません。 Google がこれらの API を今後削除または変更しないという保証がないため、使用を避ける必要があります。そのようなメソッドやフィールドを使用すると、アプリケーションが破壊されるリスクが高くなります。
References
[1] Google Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces
[2] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
desc.structural.cpp.android_bad_practices_use_of_internal_apis
Abstract
アプリケーションで内部 API または非表示 API を呼び出します。
Explanation
開発者がドキュメントに記載されていない、または非表示の API を使用してアプリケーションを構築することはお勧めしません。 Google がこれらの API を今後削除または変更しないという保証がないため、使用を避ける必要があります。そのようなメソッドやフィールドを使用すると、アプリケーションが破壊されるリスクが高くなります。
References
[1] Google Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces
[2] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
desc.structural.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_internal_apis
Abstract
このコードは、Camera オブジェクトが解放された後に、このオブジェクトを参照します。
Explanation
このコードは、Camera オブジェクトがすでに解放された後でこのオブジェクトの使用を試みます。リソースを再取得しないまま Camera オブジェクトをさらに参照すると例外が発生し、この例外がキャッチされない場合にはアプリケーションがクラッシュする可能性があります。

例 1: 次のコードは、トグル ボタンを使用してカメラのプレビューをオン/オフしています。ユーザーがこのボタンを 1 度押すと、カメラのプレビューは停止し、カメラのリソースは解放されます。ただし、再びボタンを押すと、以前に解放された Camera オブジェクトで startPreview() がコールされます。


public class ReuseCameraActivity extends Activity {
private Camera cam;

...
private class CameraButtonListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (toggle) {
cam.stopPreview();
cam.release();
}
else {
cam.startPreview();
}
toggle = !toggle;
}
}
...
}
References
[1] Camera, Android Developers
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 416
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [7] CWE ID 416
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [8] CWE ID 416
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [7] CWE ID 416
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [7] CWE ID 416
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [4] CWE ID 416
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [8] CWE ID 416, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.controlflow.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_released_camera_resource
Abstract
このコードは、Android メディアオブジェクトが解放された後に、このオブジェクトを参照します。
Explanation
このコードは、メディアオブジェクトがすでに解放された後でこのオブジェクトの使用を試みます。リソースを再取得しないままこのメディアオブジェクトをさらに参照すると例外が発生し、この例外がキャッチされない場合にはアプリケーションがクラッシュする可能性があります。

例 1: 次のコードは、一時停止ボタンを使用してメディアの再生を切り替えています。ユーザーがこのボタンを 1 度押すと、楽曲または動画の再生が一時停止し、カメラ リソースは解放されます。ただし、再びボタンを押すと、以前に解放されたメディア リソースで start() がコールされます。


public class ReuseMediaPlayerActivity extends Activity {
private MediaPlayer mp;

...
private class PauseButtonListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (paused) {
mp.pause();
mp.release();
}
else {
mp.start();
}
paused = !paused;
}
}
...
}
References
[1] Media Player, Android Developers
[2] Audio Capture, Android Developers
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 416
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [7] CWE ID 416
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [8] CWE ID 416
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [7] CWE ID 416
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [7] CWE ID 416
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [4] CWE ID 416
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [8] CWE ID 416, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[50] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.controlflow.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_released_media_resource
Abstract
このコードは、Android データベースハンドラが解放された後に、このオブジェクトを参照します。
Explanation
このコードは、Android SQLite データベースハンドラがすでに閉じられた後でこのオブジェクトの使用を試みます。データベース接続を再確立しないままハンドラをさらに参照すると例外が発生し、この例外がキャッチされない場合にはアプリケーションがクラッシュする可能性があります。

例 1: 次のコードは、ユーザー値を一時的にメモリにキャッシュするプログラムの一部だと考えられますが、ディスクへの変更をコミットするために flushUpdates() をコールすることができます。このメソッドは、データベースに更新を書き込んだ後、データベース ハンドラを適切に閉じます。しかし、再び flushUpdates() がコールされると、再初期化の前にデータベース オブジェクトが再び参照されます。


public class ReuseDBActivity extends Activity {
private myDBHelper dbHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle state) {
...
db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
...
}
...

private void flushUpdates() {
db.insert(cached_data); // flush cached data
dbHelper.close();
}
...
}
References
[1] Data Storage, Android Developers
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 416
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [7] CWE ID 416
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [8] CWE ID 416
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [7] CWE ID 416
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [7] CWE ID 416
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [4] CWE ID 416
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [8] CWE ID 416, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.controlflow.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_released_sqlite_resource
Abstract
信頼できないソースから、または信頼できない環境下でクラスをロードすると、アプリケーションが攻撃者に利用されて悪意のあるコマンドを実行する原因になることがあります。
Explanation
Android Class Loading Hijacking の脆弱性には、次の 2 つの形態があります。

- プログラムがクラスをロードするために検索するディレクトリの名前を攻撃者が変更可能である。攻撃者は、プログラムに自分が制御するディレクトリへのパスを参照させることで、クラスが検索されるパスを明示的に制御することになります。

- クラスがロードされる環境を攻撃者が変更可能である。攻撃者はパス名の意味を暗黙的に制御することになります。

この場合は 1 つ目の状況が最も懸念されます。攻撃者は、ロードするクラスが検索されるディレクトリを制御できる可能性があります。このタイプの Android Class Loading Hijacking の脆弱性が発生するのは、次の場合です。

1.信頼できないソースからアプリケーションにデータが入り込んだ場合。



2.データが、ロードするクラスが検索されるライブラリ ディレクトリを表す文字列 (またはその一部) として使用された場合。



3.アプリケーションがライブラリ パスのコードを実行することにより、本来付与されないはずの権限や能力を攻撃者に与えられた場合。

例 1: 次のコードでは、ユーザーが変更可能な userClassPath を使用して、ロードするクラスが検索されるディレクトリを決定します。


...
productCategory = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("userClassPath");
DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(productCategory, optimizedDexOutputPath.getAbsolutePath(), null, getClassLoader());
...


このコードでは、攻撃者は、制御している別のパスを参照するように userClassPath の結果を変更できるため、ライブラリをロードしてアプリケーションの任意のコードを昇格された権限で実行できます。このプログラムは環境から読み取った値の検証を行わないので、攻撃者は、userClassPath の値を制御できれば、元のアプリケーションと同じ権限を使用し、アプリケーションを操作して制御するディレクトリを参照させることで、自分が定義したクラスをロードできます。

例 2: 次のコードでは、ユーザーが変更可能な userOutput を使用して、Optimized DEX ファイルを書き込むディレクトリを決定します。


...
productCategory = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("userOutput");
DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(sanitizedPath, productCategory, null, getClassLoader());
...



このコードでは、攻撃者が Optimized DEX (ODEX) ファイルの出力ディレクトリを指定できます。その結果、悪意のあるユーザーが userOutput の値を、外部ストレージなど、攻撃者が制御するディレクトリに変更できます。これが実行された後は、出力される ODEX ファイルを悪意のある ODEX ファイルに置き換えるだけで、元のアプリケーションと同じ権限でこれを実行できるようになります。
References
[1] Android Class Loading Hijacking Symantec
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 114
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
desc.dataflow.java.android_class_loading_hijacking
Abstract
Zip Entry Overwrite 保護が無効になっています。Zip Entry Overwrite 保護は、Zip ファイル エントリ名の検証を提供することで、Zip パス トラバーサル脆弱性から保護します。
Explanation
Zip パス トラバーサル脆弱性が発生するのは、悪意のある攻撃者が特定の Zip ファイル内の Zip ファイル エントリ名を指定できる場合です。Zip ファイル エントリ名が悪意を持って指定されると、攻撃者は対応する Zip ファイルが展開されたときに重要なシステム ファイルの内容を上書きできます。攻撃者は、..// などのパス トラバーサル イディオムを使用して、プログラム領域外にあるシステム ファイルにアクセスする可能性があります。Android 14 以降を対象とする Android アプリケーションは、Zip ファイルの抽出中に ..// などのイディオムが検出されると、デフォルトで例外を発生させることができます。このセキュリティ機能は、上書きしたり、完全に無効にしたりすることができます。

例 1: 次のコードは、Zip Entry Overwrite 保護を無効にします。


...
dalvik.system.ZipPathValidator.clearCallback();
...
References
[1] Zip Path Traversal
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 22, CWE ID 73
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [10] CWE ID 022
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [12] CWE ID 022
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [8] CWE ID 022
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [8] CWE ID 022
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [8] CWE ID 022
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [5] CWE ID 022, [12] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000345, CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.3.1 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.2 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 426
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 022
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 022
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002960 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002960 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002960 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Path Traversal (WASC-33)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Path Traversal
desc.semantic.java.android_misconfiguration_zip_entry_overwrite_protection_disabled
Abstract
縮小されていない JavaScript がこのファイルに含まれています。Microsoft は、パフォーマンス上の理由から JavaScript ライブラリの縮小されたバージョンを使用することを推奨しています。
Explanation
縮小化によってファイルサイズが減少するため、JavaScript ファイルを含むアプリケーションのページロード回数が向上します。縮小化とは、不用な空白、コメント、セミコロン、カッコを削除して、ローカル変数の名前を短縮し、使用しないコードを削除するプロセスです。

例 1: 次の ASPX コードには、Microsoft の jQuery ライブラリの縮小されていないバージョンが含まれています。


...
<script src="http://applicationserver.application.com/lib/jquery/jquery-1.4.2.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
...
References
[1] Optimizations for Improving Load Times Microsoft
[2] Introduction to CSS Minification Microsoft
[3] Microsoft AJAX Minifier Microsoft
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A3 Malicious File Execution
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 098
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
desc.semantic.dotnet.asp_net_bad_practices_unminified_code
Abstract
モデルを受け取る ASP.NET Web API アクション メソッドは、入力の未検証に起因する脆弱性を防ぐため、モデル検証の合否をチェックする必要があります。
Explanation
検証できない入力は、ASP.NET Web API サービスの主な脆弱性の 1 つです。Cross-Site Scripting、Process Control、Access Control や SQL Injection などのさまざまな脆弱性の原因は入力の未検証です。ASP.NET Web API サービスは通常、メモリ破壊攻撃には影響を受けませんが、ASP.NET Web API サービスが配列境界チェックを行わないネイティブ コードを呼び出す場合には、攻撃者が ASP.NET Web API サービスの入力脆弱性を利用して Buffer overflow 攻撃を仕掛ける可能性があります。

そのような攻撃を防止するためには、以下の手順を実行します。
1. ASP.NET Web API サービス アクションへのパラメーターまたはモデルバインド オブジェクト パラメーターのメンバーの検証チェックを、検証属性を使用してプログラム的にチェックする。
2. ModelState.IsValid を使用してモデル検証の合否をチェックする。
References
[1] Jon Galloway, Phil Haack, Brad Wilson, K. Scott Allen Professional ASP.NET MVC 4 Wrox Press
[2] Model Validation Microsoft ASP.NET Site
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 20
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 020
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.dotnet.asp_dotnet_bad_practices_unvalidated_web_api_model
Abstract
攻撃者がシステムの整合性を危険にさらす任意の bean プロパティを設定する可能性があります。
Explanation
bean を入力する前に bean プロパティ名および値を検証する必要があります。bean の入力機能によって、開発者は bean プロパティまたはネストされたプロパティを設定できます。攻撃者がこの機能を利用して、システム プロパティを上書きし、任意のコードを実行できるようにする class.classLoader のような特殊な bean プロパティにアクセスする可能性があります。

例 1: 次のコードは、プロパティ名または値の適切な検証を行うことなく、ユーザー制御の bean プロパティを設定します。


String prop = request.getParameter('prop');
String value = request.getParameter('value');
HashMap properties = new HashMap();
properties.put(prop, value);
BeanUtils.populate(user, properties);
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 15
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.bean_manipulation
Abstract
割り当てられたメモリブロックの境界外に書き込まれると、データが破損したりプログラムがクラッシュする可能性があり、悪意あるコードが実行される原因になることもあります。
Explanation
Buffer Overflow は、ソフトウェアセキュリティの脆弱性の中で最も有名な形態でしょう。Buffer Overflow の脆弱性については大半のソフトウェア開発者に知られているにも関わらず、依然として Buffer Overflow は新旧を問わずアプリケーションに対して最も多く見られる攻撃です。これは、Buffer Overflow には多種多様の発生形態があることや、この攻撃を阻止するために使用される手法が誤りやすいものであることによるものです。

古典的な Buffer Overflow の悪用では、攻撃者がプログラムに送信したデータが、それよりも小さいサイズのスタックバッファに格納されます。その結果、コールスタックにある情報、特に関数の戻りポインタが上書きされます。このデータがセットした戻りポインタの値に関数が戻ると、攻撃者のデータに含まれる悪意あるコードに制御が移ります。

このタイプのスタック Buffer Overflow は一部のプラットフォームや開発コミュニティでは今でも一般的ですが、ほかにもヒープ Buffer Overflow や「一つ違い」エラーなどのさまざまな Buffer Overflow があります。Buffer Overflow 攻撃の仕組みを解説した書籍には、Building Secure Software [1]、Writing Secure Code [2]、The Shellcoder's Handbook [3] など優れた本が数多くあります。

コードのレベルでは、Buffer Overflow 脆弱性には通常、プログラマの想定外のことが含まれます。C および C++ のメモリ操作関数の多くは境界チェックを行わないため、動作しているバッファに対して割り当てられた境界を簡単に上書きすることができます。strncpy() など境界が定められた関数の場合も、不正に使用されると脆弱性の原因になります。メモリの操作と、データのサイズや構成に関する誤った想定が同時に発生することが、大部分の Buffer Overflow の根本的な原因です。

Buffer Overflow の脆弱性は通常、以下のようなコードで発生します。

- 外部データがコードの動作を制御することを許容している。

- コードの直接のスコープの外部で強制されているデータのプロパティに依存している。

- コードが複雑すぎてプログラマにも動作が正確に予測できない。



これら 3 つのシナリオを以下の例で説明します。

例 1.a: 次のサンプルコードは単純な Buffer Overflow の例です。多くの場合、コードの動作制御を外部データに任せるという 1 つ目のシナリオによって引き起こされます。このコードは gets() 関数を使用して、任意の量のデータをスタックバッファに読み込みます。この関数により読み込まれるデータ量を制限する方法がないので、このコードが安全かどうかは、ユーザーが常に BUFSIZE 字以下しか入力しないということにかかっています。


...
char buf[BUFSIZE];
gets(buf);
...
例 1.b: この例は、>> 演算子を使用して入力を char[] 文字列に読み込むことによって C++ の gets() 関数の危険な動作を簡単に模倣できることを示しています。


...
char buf[BUFSIZE];
cin >> (buf);
...
例 2: これもコードの動作の制御がユーザー入力にかかっているコードの例ですが、境界のあるメモリコピー関数 memcpy() の使用により、さらに間接的になっています。この関数は、コピー先バッファ、コピー元バッファ、およびコピーするバイト数を受け取ります。入力バッファには read() への境界のあるコールが入りますが、memcpy() がコピーするバイト数はユーザーが指定します。


...
char buf[64], in[MAX_SIZE];
printf("Enter buffer contents:\n");
read(0, in, MAX_SIZE-1);
printf("Bytes to copy:\n");
scanf("%d", &bytes);
memcpy(buf, in, bytes);
...


注:このタイプの Buffer Overflow 脆弱性 (プログラムはデータを読み取った後、残りのデータに対する以降のメモリ操作でデータから送られる値を信頼する) は、一定の頻度で画像やオーディオなどのファイルを処理するライブラリに発生します。

例 3: この 2 つ目のシナリオの例では、ローカルで検証されていないデータのプロパティにコードが依存しています。この例では、lccopy() という名の関数で文字列をその引数として取り、その文字列の大文字をすべて小文字に変換した上で、文字列のヒープに割り当てられたコピーを返します。この関数では、str は常に BUFSIZE より小さいと想定されているため、入力に対して境界チェックが行われません。lccopy() をコールするコードで攻撃者がチェックを回避する場合や、コードが変更された結果 str のサイズに関する想定が正しくなくなった場合、lccopy()strcpy() への境界のないコールで buf を オーバーフローさせます。


char *lccopy(const char *str) {
char buf[BUFSIZE];
char *p;

strcpy(buf, str);
for (p = buf; *p; p++) {
if (isupper(*p)) {
*p = tolower(*p);
}
}
return strdup(buf);
}
例 4: 次のコードは、コードが非常に複雑なので動作を簡単に予測できない 3 番目のシナリオを示しています。このコードは、さまざまなアプリケーションで使用されている、人気の libPNG 画像デコーダーからのものです。

このコードは変数の長さをチェックしているので、安全に境界チェックを実行しているように見えます (この変数長は、後で png_crc_read(). によってコピーされたデータ量を制御するために使用されます)。しかし、長さをテストする直前で、このコードは png_ptr->mode のチェックを実行しており、このチェックが失敗した場合は警告を出して処理を継続します。lengthelse if ブロックでテストされているので、1 回目のチェックが失敗すると length はテストされません。このため png_crc_read() に対するコールで無条件に使用されることになり、スタック Buffer Overflow が発生する可能性があります。

この例のコードは最も複雑な部類に属するものではありませんが、メモリ操作を実行するコードの複雑性を最小限に抑えなければならない理由がよくわかります。


if (!(png_ptr->mode & PNG_HAVE_PLTE)) {
/* Should be an error, but we can cope with it */
png_warning(png_ptr, "Missing PLTE before tRNS");
}
else if (length > (png_uint_32)png_ptr->num_palette) {
png_warning(png_ptr, "Incorrect tRNS chunk length");
png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
return;
}
...
png_crc_read(png_ptr, readbuf, (png_size_t)length);
例 5: これも第 3 のシナリオの例で、プログラムが複雑なために Buffer Overflow の危険が生じています。この場合、危険の原因は、前の例のようにコードの構造にあるのではなく、いずれかの関数のインターフェイスが多義的であることにあります。

getUserInfo() 関数は、マルチバイト文字列として指定されたユーザー名およびユーザー情報を格納する構造体へのポインタを受け取り、ユーザーに関する情報を構造体に代入します。Windows Authentication ではユーザー名に Unicode が使用されるため、username 引数はまずマルチバイト文字列から Unicode 文字列に変換されます。次に、この関数は unicodeUser のサイズを、文字数ではなく、誤ってバイト単位で渡しています。このため、MultiByteToWideChar() のコールは最大で (UNLEN+1)*sizeof(WCHAR) のワイド文字、
つまり (UNLEN+1)*sizeof(WCHAR)*sizeof(WCHAR) バイトを unicodeUser 配列に書き込む可能性があります。これに対し、この配列には (UNLEN+1)*sizeof(WCHAR) バイトしか割り当てられていません。username 文字列に含まれる文字数が UNLEN 字を超えている場合、MultiByteToWideChar() のコールにより、バッファ unicodeUser はオーバーフローします。


void getUserInfo(char *username, struct _USER_INFO_2 info){
WCHAR unicodeUser[UNLEN+1];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, username, -1,
unicodeUser, sizeof(unicodeUser));
NetUserGetInfo(NULL, unicodeUser, 2, (LPBYTE *)&info);
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] About Strsafe.h Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 120, CWE ID 129, CWE ID 131, CWE ID 787
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [3] CWE ID 020, [12] CWE ID 787
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [3] CWE ID 020, [2] CWE ID 787
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [1] CWE ID 787, [4] CWE ID 020, [17] CWE ID 119
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [1] CWE ID 787, [4] CWE ID 020, [19] CWE ID 119
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [1] CWE ID 787, [6] CWE ID 020, [17] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [2] CWE ID 787, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754, CCI-002824
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[15] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3, Rule 21.17
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1, Rule 18-0-5
[17] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3, Rule 21.2.2
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[19] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.4.1 Memory/String/Unmanaged Code Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.4.2 Memory/String/Unmanaged Code Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.2 Build (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 120, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 129, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 131
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 120, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 131
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Buffer Overflow (WASC-07)
[66] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Buffer Overflow
desc.dataflow.cpp.buffer_overflow
Abstract
プログラムは不正な境界が設定されている Format String を使用するため、割り当てられたメモリの境界外にデータが書き込まれます。この動作により、データが破損したりプログラムがクラッシュしたりする可能性があり、悪意あるコードの実行が引き起こされることもあります。
Explanation
Buffer Overflow は、ソフトウェアセキュリティの脆弱性の中で最も有名な形態でしょう。Buffer Overflow の脆弱性については大半のソフトウェア開発者に知られているにも関わらず、依然として Buffer Overflow は新旧を問わずアプリケーションに対して最も多く見られる攻撃です。これは、Buffer Overflow には多種多様の発生形態があることや、この攻撃を阻止するために使用される手法が誤りやすいものであることによるものです。

古典的な Buffer Overflow の悪用では、攻撃者がプログラムに送信したデータが、それよりも小さいサイズのスタックバッファに格納されます。その結果、コールスタックにある情報、特に関数の戻りポインタが上書きされます。このデータがセットした戻りポインタの値に関数が戻ると、攻撃者のデータに含まれる悪意あるコードに制御が移ります。

このタイプのスタック Buffer Overflow は一部のプラットフォームや開発コミュニティでは今でも一般的ですが、ほかにもヒープ Buffer Overflow や「一つ違い」エラーなどのさまざまな Buffer Overflow があります。Buffer Overflow 攻撃の仕組みを解説した書籍には、Building Secure Software [1]、Writing Secure Code [2]、The Shellcoder's Handbook [3] など優れた本が数多くあります。

コードのレベルでは、Buffer Overflow 脆弱性には通常、プログラマの想定外のことが含まれます。C および C++ のメモリ操作関数の多くは境界チェックを行わないため、動作しているバッファに対して割り当てられた境界を簡単に超過する場合があります。strncpy() など境界が定められた関数の場合も、不正に使用されると脆弱性の原因になります。メモリの操作と、データのサイズや構成に関する誤った想定が同時に発生することが、大部分の Buffer Overflow の根本的な原因です。

この場合、不適切に構築されている Format String が原因で、プログラムは割り当てられたメモリの境界外にデータを書き込みます。

例 1:double タイプには c に割り当てられている以上の領域が必要であるため、次のコードでは c がオーバーフローします。


void formatString(double d) {
char c;

scanf("%d", &c)
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 134, CWE ID 787
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [12] CWE ID 787
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [2] CWE ID 787
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [1] CWE ID 787
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [1] CWE ID 787
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [1] CWE ID 787
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [2] CWE ID 787, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002824
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3, Rule 21.17
[15] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.4.2 Memory/String/Unmanaged Code Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 134
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Buffer Overflow (WASC-07)
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Buffer Overflow
desc.internal.cpp.buffer_overflow_format_string
Abstract
プログラムでは、%f または %F の浮動小数点指定子を含む不正な境界が設定されている Format String が使用されています。予期されないほど大きな浮動小数点の値があると、プログラムにより割り当てられたメモリの境界外にデータが書き込まれる場合があり、データが破損したりプログラムがクラッシュしたりする可能性があり、悪意あるコードの実行が引き起こされることもあります。
Explanation
Buffer Overflow は、ソフトウェアセキュリティの脆弱性の中で最も有名な形態でしょう。Buffer Overflow の脆弱性については大半のソフトウェア開発者に知られているにも関わらず、依然として Buffer Overflow は新旧を問わずアプリケーションに対して最も多く見られる攻撃です。これは、Buffer Overflow には多種多様の発生形態があることや、この攻撃を阻止するために使用される手法が誤りやすいものであることによるものです。

古典的な Buffer Overflow の悪用では、攻撃者がプログラムに送信したデータが、それよりも小さいサイズのスタックバッファに格納されます。その結果、コールスタックにある情報、特に関数の戻りポインタが上書きされます。このデータがセットした戻りポインタの値に関数が戻ると、攻撃者のデータに含まれる悪意あるコードに制御が移ります。

このタイプのスタック Buffer Overflow は一部のプラットフォームや開発コミュニティでは今でも一般的ですが、ほかにもヒープ Buffer Overflow や「一つ違い」エラーなどのさまざまな Buffer Overflow があります。Buffer Overflow 攻撃の仕組みを解説した書籍には、Building Secure Software [1]、Writing Secure Code [2]、The Shellcoder's Handbook [3] など優れた本が数多くあります。

コードのレベルでは、Buffer Overflow 脆弱性には通常、プログラマの想定外のことが含まれます。C および C++ のメモリ操作関数の多くは境界チェックを行わないため、動作しているバッファに対して割り当てられた境界を簡単に超過する場合があります。strncpy() など境界が定められた関数の場合も、不正に使用されると脆弱性の原因になります。メモリの操作と、データのサイズや構成に関する誤った想定が同時に発生することが、大部分の Buffer Overflow の根本的な原因です。

この場合、不適切に構築されている Format String が原因で、プログラムは割り当てられたメモリの境界外にデータを書き込みます。

例 1: 次のコードでは buf がオーバーフローしますが、これは f のサイズに応じて、Format String 指定子 "%d %.1f ... " が割り当てられているメモリ量を超えるからです。


void formatString(int x, float f) {
char buf[40];
sprintf(buf, "%d %.1f ... ", x, f);
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 787
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [12] CWE ID 787
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [2] CWE ID 787
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [1] CWE ID 787
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [1] CWE ID 787
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [1] CWE ID 787
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [2] CWE ID 787, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002824
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3, Rule 21.17
[15] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 134
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Buffer Overflow (WASC-07)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Buffer Overflow
desc.internal.cpp.buffer_overflow_format_string_%f_%F
Abstract
プログラムが割り当てられたメモリの境界の直前にデータを書き込むと、データが破損したりプログラムがクラッシュしたりする可能性があり、悪意あるコードの実行を引き起こすこともあります。
Explanation
Buffer Overflow は、ソフトウェアセキュリティの脆弱性の中で最も有名な形態でしょう。Buffer Overflow の脆弱性については大半のソフトウェア開発者に知られているにも関わらず、依然として Buffer Overflow は新旧を問わずアプリケーションに対して最も多く見られる攻撃です。これは、Buffer Overflow には多種多様の発生形態があることや、この攻撃を阻止するために使用される手法が誤りやすいものであることによるものです。

古典的な Buffer Overflow の悪用では、攻撃者がプログラムに送信したデータが、それよりも小さいサイズのスタックバッファに格納されます。その結果、コールスタックにある情報、特に関数の戻りポインタが上書きされます。このデータがセットした戻りポインタの値に関数が戻ると、攻撃者のデータに含まれる悪意あるコードに制御が移ります。

このタイプの「一つ違い」エラーは一部のプラットフォームや開発コミュニティでは今でも一般的ですが、ほかにもスタックおよびヒープ Buffer Overflow などのさまざまな Buffer Overflow があります。Buffer Overflow 攻撃の仕組みを解説した書籍には、Building Secure Software [1]、Writing Secure Code [2]、The Shellcoder's Handbook [3] など優れた本が数多くあります。

コードのレベルでは、Buffer Overflow 脆弱性には通常、プログラマの想定外のことが含まれます。C および C++ のメモリ操作関数の多くは境界チェックを行わないため、動作しているバッファに対して割り当てられた境界を簡単に超過する場合があります。strncpy() など境界が定められた関数の場合も、不正に使用されると脆弱性の原因になります。メモリの操作と、データのサイズや構成に関する誤った想定が同時に発生することが、大部分の Buffer Overflow の根本的な原因です。

例 1: 次のコードには、「一つ違い」による Buffer Overflow の問題が含まれています。これは、recv によって、読み取られた最大許容数の sizeof(buf) バイトが返された場合に発生します。この場合、その後に続く buf[nbytes] の間接参照によって、割り当てられたメモリの境界外に null バイトが書き込まれます。


void receive(int socket) {
char buf[MAX];
int nbytes = recv(socket, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
buf[nbytes] = '\0';
...
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 129, CWE ID 131, CWE ID 193, CWE ID 787, CWE ID 805
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [3] CWE ID 020, [12] CWE ID 787
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [3] CWE ID 020, [2] CWE ID 787
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [1] CWE ID 787, [4] CWE ID 020, [17] CWE ID 119
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [1] CWE ID 787, [4] CWE ID 020, [19] CWE ID 119
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [1] CWE ID 787, [6] CWE ID 020, [17] CWE ID 119
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [2] CWE ID 787, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002824
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3, Rule 21.17
[15] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1, Rule 18-0-5
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3, Rule 21.2.2
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 805, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 129, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 131
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 131
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Buffer Overflow (WASC-07)
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Buffer Overflow
desc.internal.cpp.buffer_overflow_off_by_one
Abstract
プログラムは符号付き比較を使用して、後で符号なしとして扱われる値をチェックします。これにより、プログラムにより割り当てられたメモリの境界外にデータが書き込まれる場合があり、データが破損したりプログラムがクラッシュしたりする可能性があり、悪意あるコードの実行が引き起こされることもあります。
Explanation
Buffer Overflow は、ソフトウェアセキュリティの脆弱性の中で最も有名な形態でしょう。Buffer Overflow の脆弱性については大半のソフトウェア開発者に知られているにも関わらず、依然として Buffer Overflow は新旧を問わずアプリケーションに対して最も多く見られる攻撃です。これは、Buffer Overflow には多種多様の発生形態があることや、この攻撃を阻止するために使用される手法が誤りやすいものであることによるものです。

古典的な Buffer Overflow の悪用では、攻撃者がプログラムに送信したデータが、それよりも小さいサイズのスタックバッファに格納されます。その結果、コールスタックにある情報、特に関数の戻りポインタが上書きされます。このデータがセットした戻りポインタの値に関数が戻ると、攻撃者のデータに含まれる悪意あるコードに制御が移ります。

このタイプのスタック Buffer Overflow は一部のプラットフォームや開発コミュニティでは今でも一般的ですが、ほかにもヒープ Buffer Overflow や「一つ違い」エラーなどのさまざまな Buffer Overflow があります。Buffer Overflow 攻撃の仕組みを解説した書籍には、Building Secure Software [1]、Writing Secure Code [2]、The Shellcoder's Handbook [3] など優れた本が数多くあります。

コードのレベルでは、Buffer Overflow 脆弱性には通常、プログラマの想定外のことが含まれます。C および C++ のメモリ操作関数の多くは境界チェックを行わないため、動作しているバッファに対して割り当てられた境界を簡単に超過する場合があります。strncpy() など境界が定められた関数の場合も、不正に使用されると脆弱性の原因になります。メモリの操作と、データのサイズや構成に関する誤った想定が同時に発生することが、大部分の Buffer Overflow の根本的な原因です。

例 1: 次のコードは、「一つ違い」による Buffer Overflow の発生を防止するために、getInputLength() から読み取られた信頼できない値が、コピー先バッファである output のサイズより小さいかどうかをチェックしています。しかし、lenMAX の比較は符号付きであるため、len の値が負であった場合にその値が memcpy() の符号なし引数に変換されると、非常に大きな正の数値となります。


void TypeConvert() {
char input[MAX];
char output[MAX];

fillBuffer(input);
int len = getInputLength();

if (len <= MAX) {
memcpy(output, input, len);
}
...
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 195, CWE ID 805
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [17] CWE ID 119
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [19] CWE ID 119
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [17] CWE ID 119
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002824
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3, Rule 21.17
[15] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 805
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3550 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3550 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3550 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3550 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3550 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3550 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3550 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Buffer Overflow (WASC-07)
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Buffer Overflow
desc.internal.cpp.buffer_overflow_signed_comparison
Abstract
ユーザー制御データは、テンプレート エンジンのテンプレートとして使用され、これにより攻撃者は、テンプレート コンテキストにアクセスし、場合によっては悪意のあるコードを挿入してブラウザーで実行することも可能になります。
Explanation
テンプレート エンジンは動的なデータを使用してコンテンツをレンダリングするために使用されます。このコンテキスト データは通常、ユーザーによって制御され、テンプレートによって書式設定されて、Web ページ、電子メールなどが生成されます。テンプレート エンジンでは、コンテキスト データを条件文、ループなどのコード構造で処理することで、動的コンテンツをレンダリングするための強力な言語表現をテンプレートで使用できます。攻撃者がテンプレートを制御してレンダリングできる場合、式を挿入してコンテキスト データを開示したり、悪意のあるコードをブラウザーで実行できます。

例 1: 次の例では、テンプレートを URL から取得し、これを使用して AngularJS による情報のレンダリングを行う方法を示しています。

function MyController(function($stateParams, $interpolate){
var ctx = { foo : 'bar' };
var interpolated = $interpolate($stateParams.expression);
this.rendered = interpolated(ctx);
...
}


この場合、$stateParams.expressionはユーザーが制御している可能性のあるデータを取得し、これを指定されたコンテキストで使用するテンプレートとして評価します。これにより、悪意のあるユーザーはブラウザ内で目的のコードを実行できるようになり、コードが実行されているコンテキストについての情報の取得、アプリケーションの作成方法に関する追加情報の検索、または本格的な XSS 攻撃への変換を行えるようになる可能性があります。
References
[1] AngularJS Security Guide Google
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.javascript.client_side_template_injection
Abstract
プログラムが算術演算子をブール値について使用する場合、プログラマが念頭に置いている状況を達成できない場合があります。
Explanation
ブール値に対する算術演算子の動作は、整数値に対する動作とは異なるため、予期せぬ動作を引き起こす場合があります。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 480
[2] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 13.4, Rule 14.3
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 13.4, Rule 14.3
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 5-0-13, Rule 6-2-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 7.0.1, Rule 8.14.1, Rule 8.18.2
[6] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[7] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[8] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
desc.structural.cpp.code_correctness_arithmetic_operation_on_boolean
Abstract
バイト配列を String に変換することで、データ損失につながる可能性があります。
Explanation
バイト配列からのデータが String に変換された場合、適用可能な文字セットに含まれないデータに何が起こるかは不明です。これによって、データが失われる可能性があります。また、適切なセキュリティ体制を保証するためにバイナリ データが必要な場合は、セキュリティ レベルの低下につながります。

例 1: 次のコードは、ハッシュを生成するためにデータを文字列に変換します。


...
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(myFile);
byte[] byteArr = byte[BUFSIZE];
...
int count = fis.read(byteArr);
...
String fileString = new String(byteArr);
String fileSHA256Hex = DigestUtils.sha256Hex(fileString);
// use fileSHA256Hex to validate file
...


ファイルのサイズが BUFSIZE より小さいと仮定すると、myFile の情報がデフォルトの文字セットと同様にエンコードされている限り問題はありません。ただし、別のエンコーディングが使用されていたり、ファイルがバイナリ ファイルである場合は、情報を失います。その結果、生成された SHA ハッシュの信頼性が損なわれ、特にデフォルトの文字セットに含まれないデータが疑問符などの同じ値で表されている場合、衝突が発生しやすくなった可能性があることを意味します。
References
[1] STR03-J. Do not encode noncharacter data as a string CERT
[2] When 'EFBFBD' and Friends Come Knocking: Observations of Byte Array to String Conversions GDS Security
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 486
desc.semantic.java.code_correctness_byte_array_to_string_conversion