계: Environment

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ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password Protection Disabled

C#/VB.NET/ASP.NET

Abstract

암호를 일반 텍스트로 저장하거나 약한 암호화를 사용하면 시스템 침해가 발생할 수 있습니다.

Explanation

ASP.NET 응용 프로그램은 ASP.NET 응용 프로그램의 web.config 파일에 있는 <credentials> 요소에 사용자 이름과 암호 쌍을 저장할 수 있습니다. ASP.NET 응용 프로그램은 일반 텍스트, MD5 및 SHA1 암호 형식을 지원합니다.

일반 텍스트로 저장된 암호 또는 약한 암호화 알고리즘을 사용하는 암호는 응용 프로그램의 구성 파일에 액세스할 수 있는 모든 사람이 액세스할 수 있습니다. 여기에는 응용 프로그램이 호스팅되는 시스템 또는 응용 프로그램이 있는 소스 코드 리포지토리가 포함될 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 web.config 항목은 암호를 일반 텍스트로 잘못 저장합니다.


<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <authentication>
      <forms protection="All">
	   <credentials passwordFormat="Clear">
   		<user name="user1" password="my_password"/>
		<user name="user2" password="my_password1"/>
        </credentials>
    	 </forms>
    </authentication>
  </system.web>
</configuration>

ASP.NET은 configuration/system.web/authentication/forms/credentials 요소의 passwordFormat 속성으로 지정되는 3가지 형식으로 저장된 자격 증명 암호를 지원합니다. 이 속성의 가능한 값은 다음과 같습니다.

Clear - 암호가 일반 텍스트로 저장되었음을 나타냄(최소 보안)
MD5 - 암호의 MD5 해시가 저장되었음을 나타냄
SHA1- 암호의 SHA1 해시가 저장되었음을 나타냅니다(최고 보안).

MD5 해시는 일반 텍스트보다 안전하지만 연구원들은 MD5 해시 알고리즘에 대한 무차별 대입 공격을 발견했습니다. 이런 경우더라도 SHA1 해시는 그러한 공격에 대해 적절한 보호를 제공합니다.

References

[1] credentials Element for forms for authentication (ASP.NET Settings Schema) Microsoft Corporation

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality

[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 260

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287

[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522

[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522

[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287

[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287

[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001199

[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP

[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)

[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration

[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.1 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)

[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls

[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1

[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography

[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design

[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)

[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication

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