계: Security Features

소프트웨어 보안은 보안 소프트웨어가 아닙니다. 여기서는 인증, 액세스 제어, 기밀성, 암호화, 권한 관리 등의 항목에 대해 설명합니다.

Key Management: Empty Encryption Key

Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소하고 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워지기 때문에 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음은 빈 암호화 키를 사용합니다.


...
encryptionKey = "".
...


이 코드에 액세스할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 액세스 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 액세스할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.abap.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소하고 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워지기 때문에 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 빈 암호화 키를 사용하여 AES 암호화를 수행합니다.


...
var encryptionKey:String = "";
var key:ByteArray = Hex.toArray(Hex.fromString(encryptionKey));
...
var aes.ICipher = Crypto.getCipher("aes-cbc", key, padding);
...


이 코드에 액세스할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 액세스 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 액세스할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.actionscript.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하는 것은 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소할 뿐 아니라 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워집니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어를 패치해야 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 있습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되는 경우 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제: 다음 코드는 빈 암호화 키를 사용합니다.


...
char encryptionKey[] = "";
...


이 코드에 접근할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 프로그램을 공개한 후에는 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 접근 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 접근할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Encrypting Your App's Files Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.cpp.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소하고 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워지기 때문에 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 빈 암호화 키를 사용하여 AES 암호화를 수행합니다.


...
<cfset encryptionKey = "" />
<cfset encryptedMsg = encrypt(msg, encryptionKey, 'AES', 'Hex') />
...


이 코드에 액세스할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 액세스 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 액세스할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.cfml.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소하고 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워지기 때문에 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되는 경우 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드에서는 빈 암호화 키를 사용하여 AES 암호화를 수행합니다.


...
key := []byte("");
block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
...


이 코드에 접근할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요하며, 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.golang.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소하고 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워지기 때문에 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드에서는 빈 암호화 키를 사용하여 AES 암호화를 수행합니다.


...
private static String encryptionKey = "";
byte[] keyBytes = encryptionKey.getBytes();
SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
Cipher encryptCipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
encryptCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
...


이 코드에 액세스할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 액세스 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 액세스할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.semantic.java.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소하고 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워지기 때문에 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 빈 암호화 키를 사용하여 AES 암호화를 수행합니다.


...
var crypto = require('crypto');
var encryptionKey = "";
var algorithm = 'aes-256-ctr';
var cipher = crypto.createCipher(algorithm, encryptionKey);
...


이 코드에 액세스할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 액세스 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 액세스할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.javascript.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하는 것은 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소할 뿐 아니라 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워집니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드에서는 빈 암호화 키를 사용하여 AES 암호화를 수행합니다.


...
CCCrypt(kCCEncrypt,
kCCAlgorithmAES,
kCCOptionPKCS7Padding,
"",
0,
iv,
plaintext,
sizeof(plaintext),
ciphertext,
sizeof(ciphertext),
&numBytesEncrypted);
...


이 코드에 액세스할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 액세스 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 액세스할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Encrypting Your App's Files Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.objc.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하는 것은 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소할 뿐 아니라 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워집니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제: 다음 코드는 암호화 키 변수를 빈 문자열로 초기화합니다.

...
$encryption_key = '';

$filter = new Zend_Filter_Encrypt($encryption_key);

$filter->setVector('myIV');

$encrypted = $filter->filter('text_to_be_encrypted');
print $encrypted;
...

이 코드에 접근할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 프로그램을 공개한 후에는 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 접근 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 접근할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Windows Data Protection Microsoft
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.semantic.php.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소하고 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워지기 때문에 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.



이 코드에 액세스할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 액세스 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 액세스할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.sql.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하는 것은 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소할 뿐 아니라 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워집니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제: 다음 코드는 암호화 키 변수를 빈 문자열로 초기화합니다.

...
from Crypto.Ciphers import AES
cipher = AES.new("", AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
msg = iv + cipher.encrypt(b'Attack at dawn')
...


이 코드에 접근할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 프로그램을 공개한 후에는 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 접근 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 접근할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.python.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하는 것은 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소할 뿐 아니라 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워집니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드에서는 키 길이를 0으로 지정한 암호 기반 키 파생 함수를 사용하여 빈 암호화 키를 생성합니다.


require 'openssl'
...
dk = OpenSSL::PKCS5::pbkdf2_hmac_sha1(password, salt, 100000, 0) # returns an empty string
...


이 코드에 접근할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 프로그램을 공개한 후에는 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 접근 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 접근할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.ruby.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하는 것은 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소할 뿐 아니라 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워집니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 빈 암호화 키를 사용하여 AES 암호화를 수행합니다.


...
CCCrypt(UInt32(kCCEncrypt),
UInt32(kCCAlgorithmAES128),
UInt32(kCCOptionPKCS7Padding),
"",
0,
iv,
plaintext,
plaintext.length,
ciphertext.mutableBytes,
ciphertext.length,
&numBytesEncrypted)
...


이 코드에 접근할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 프로그램을 공개한 후에는 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 접근 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 접근할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Encrypting Your App's Files Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.swift.key_management_empty_encryption_key
Abstract
빈 암호화 키는 쉽게 해결할 수 없는 방식으로 보안을 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
빈 암호화 키를 사용하면 양호한 암호화 알고리즘을 통해 제공되는 보호 수준이 크게 감소하고 문제 해결도 극도로 어려워지기 때문에 좋은 방법이 아닙니다. 잘못된 코드가 운영 단계에 들어간 후에는 소프트웨어 패치 없이는 빈 암호화 키를 변경할 수 없습니다. 빈 암호화 키로 보호되는 계정이 침해되면 시스템 소유자는 보안과 가용성 중 한 가지를 선택해야 합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 빈 암호화 키를 사용하여 AES 암호화를 수행합니다.


...
Dim encryptionKey As String
Set encryptionKey = ""
Dim AES As New System.Security.Cryptography.RijndaelManaged
On Error GoTo ErrorHandler
AES.Key = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(encryptionKey)
...
Exit Sub
...


이 코드에 액세스할 수 있는 사용자라면 누구나 빈 암호화 키가 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있을 뿐 아니라 기본적인 크랙 기법이라도 사용할 수 있는 사람이라면 누구나 암호화된 데이터를 성공적으로 해독할 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 응용 프로그램을 공개한 후 빈 암호화 키를 변경하려면 소프트웨어 패치가 필요합니다. 직원이 이 정보에 대한 액세스 권한을 갖게 되면 이를 사용하여 시스템에 침입할 수 있습니다. 공격자가 응용 프로그램의 실행 파일에만 액세스할 수 있더라도 빈 암호화 키의 사용 증거를 추출할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 321
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450, CCI-002478
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.1 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 6.4.2 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.3.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II, APSC-DV-003310 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.vb.key_management_empty_encryption_key