계: Input Validation and Representation

입력 검증 및 표현 문제는 메타 문자, 대체 인코딩 및 숫자 표현 때문에 발생합니다. 보안 문제는 입력을 신뢰하기 때문에 발생합니다. 문제로는 "Buffer Overflows", "Cross-Site Scripting" 공격, "SQL Injection", 그 외 여러 가지가 있습니다.

LDAP Injection

Abstract
사용자의 입력을 받아 동적으로 LDAP 필터를 생성하면 공격자가 해당 문의 의미를 수정할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
LDAP injection 오류는 다음 경우에 발생합니다.

1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

이런 경우, Fortify Static Code Analyzer는 데이터 소스를 신뢰할 수 있는 것으로 판단하지 않습니다.

2. 데이터를 사용하여 LDAP 필터를 동적으로 생성합니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 제공된 관리자에게 보고하는 모든 직원을 위한 레코드를 검색하는 LDAP 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하고 실행합니다. 관리자의 이름을 HTTP 요청에서 읽어들이므로 신뢰할 수 없습니다.


...
DirectorySearcher src =
new DirectorySearcher("(manager=" + managerName.Text + ")");
src.SearchRoot = de;
src.SearchScope = SearchScope.Subtree;

foreach(SearchResult res in src.FindAll()) {
...
}


관리자 John Smith에게 보고하는 직원을 검색하는 것처럼 일반적인 조건에서 이 코드가 실행하는 필터는 다음과 같습니다.


(manager=Smith, John)


하지만 상수 기반 쿼리 문자열과 사용자 입력 문자열을 연결하여 필터를 동적으로 생성하므로 쿼리는 managerName에 LDAP 메타 문자가 들어 있지 않은 경우에만 정확하게 동작합니다. 공격자가 managerNameHacker, Wiley)(|(objectclass=*) 문자열을 입력하면 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


(manager=Hacker, Wiley)(|(objectclass=*))


쿼리가 실행되는 권한에 따라 |(objectclass=*) 조건을 추가하면 필터가 디렉터리의 모든 항목과 일치되며 공격자가 전체 사용자 풀에 대한 정보를 검색할 수 있습니다. LDAP 쿼리를 수행하는 권한에 따라 이 공격의 범위가 제한될 수도 있지만, 공격자가 쿼리의 명령 구조를 제어할 수 있을 경우, 그러한 공격은 LDAP 쿼리를 실행하는 사용자가 접근할 수 있는 모든 레코드에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 90
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.7 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 LDAP Injection (WASC-29)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 LDAP Injection
desc.semantic.dotnet.ldap_injection
Abstract
사용자의 입력을 받아 동적으로 LDAP 필터를 생성하면 공격자가 해당 문의 의미를 수정할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
LDAP injection 오류는 다음 경우에 발생합니다.

1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

2. 데이터를 사용하여 LDAP 필터를 동적으로 생성합니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 제공된 관리자에게 보고하는 모든 직원을 위한 레코드를 검색하는 LDAP 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하고 실행합니다. 관리자의 이름을 네트워크 소켓에서 읽어들이므로 신뢰할 수 없습니다.


fgets(manager, sizeof(manager), socket);

snprintf(filter, sizeof(filter, "(manager=%s)", manager);

if ( ( rc = ldap_search_ext_s( ld, FIND_DN, LDAP_SCOPE_BASE,
filter, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, LDAP_NO_LIMIT,
LDAP_NO_LIMIT, &result ) ) == LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
...
}


관리자 John Smith에게 보고하는 직원을 검색하는 것처럼 일반적인 조건에서 이 코드가 실행하는 필터는 다음과 같습니다.


(manager=Smith, John)


하지만 상수 기반 쿼리 문자열과 사용자 입력 문자열을 연결하여 필터를 동적으로 생성하므로 쿼리는 manager에 LDAP 메타 문자가 들어 있지 않은 경우에만 정확하게 동작합니다. 공격자가 managerHacker, Wiley)(|(objectclass=*) 문자열을 입력하면 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


(manager=Hacker, Wiley)(|(objectclass=*))


쿼리가 실행되는 권한에 따라 |(objectclass=*) 조건을 추가하면 필터가 디렉터리의 모든 항목과 일치되며 공격자가 전체 사용자 풀에 대한 정보를 검색할 수 있습니다. LDAP 쿼리를 수행하는 권한에 따라 이 공격의 범위가 제한될 수도 있지만, 공격자가 쿼리의 명령 구조를 제어할 수 있을 경우, 그러한 공격은 LDAP 쿼리를 실행하는 사용자가 접근할 수 있는 모든 레코드에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 90
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.7 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 LDAP Injection (WASC-29)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 LDAP Injection
desc.dataflow.cpp.ldap_injection
Abstract
사용자의 입력을 받아 동적으로 LDAP 필터를 생성하면 공격자가 해당 문의 의미를 수정할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
LDAP injection 오류는 다음 경우에 발생합니다.
1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

2. 데이터를 사용하여 LDAP 필터를 동적으로 생성합니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 제공된 관리자에게 보고하는 모든 직원을 위한 레코드를 검색하는 LDAP 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하고 실행합니다. 관리자의 이름을 HTTP 요청에서 읽어들이므로 신뢰할 수 없습니다.


...
DirContext ctx = new InitialDirContext(env);

String managerName = request.getParameter("managerName");

//retrieve all of the employees who report to a manager

String filter = "(manager=" + managerName + ")";

NamingEnumeration employees = ctx.search("ou=People,dc=example,dc=com",
filter);
...


관리자 John Smith에게 보고하는 직원을 검색하는 것처럼 일반적인 조건에서 이 코드가 실행하는 필터는 다음과 같습니다.


(manager=Smith, John)


하지만 상수 기반 쿼리 문자열과 사용자 입력 문자열을 연결하여 필터를 동적으로 생성하므로 쿼리는 managerName에 LDAP 메타 문자가 들어 있지 않은 경우에만 정확하게 동작합니다. 공격자가 managerNameHacker, Wiley)(|(objectclass=*) 문자열을 입력하면 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


(manager=Hacker, Wiley)(|(objectclass=*))


쿼리가 실행되는 권한에 따라 |(objectclass=*) 조건을 추가하면 필터가 디렉터리의 모든 항목과 일치되며 공격자가 전체 사용자 풀에 대한 정보를 검색할 수 있습니다. LDAP 쿼리를 수행하는 권한에 따라 이 공격의 범위가 제한될 수도 있지만, 공격자가 쿼리의 명령 구조를 제어할 수 있을 경우, 그러한 공격은 LDAP 쿼리를 실행하는 사용자가 접근할 수 있는 모든 레코드에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 90
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.7 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 LDAP Injection (WASC-29)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 LDAP Injection
desc.dataflow.java.ldap_injection
Abstract
사용자의 입력을 받아 동적으로 LDAP 필터를 생성하면 공격자가 해당 문의 의미를 수정할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
LDAP injection 오류는 다음 경우에 발생합니다.
1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

2. 데이터를 사용하여 LDAP 필터를 동적으로 생성합니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 제공된 관리자에게 보고하는 모든 직원을 위한 레코드를 검색하는 LDAP 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하고 실행합니다. 관리자의 이름을 HTTP 요청에서 읽어들이므로 신뢰할 수 없습니다.


...
$managerName = $_POST["managerName"]];

//retrieve all of the employees who report to a manager

$filter = "(manager=" . $managerName . ")";

$result = ldap_search($ds, "ou=People,dc=example,dc=com", $filter);
...


관리자 John Smith에게 보고하는 직원을 검색하는 것처럼 일반적인 조건에서 이 코드가 실행하는 필터는 다음과 같습니다.


(manager=Smith, John)


하지만 상수 기반 쿼리 문자열과 사용자 입력 문자열을 연결하여 필터를 동적으로 생성하므로 쿼리는 managerName에 LDAP 메타 문자가 들어 있지 않은 경우에만 정확하게 동작합니다. 공격자가 managerNameHacker, Wiley)(|(objectclass=*) 문자열을 입력하면 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


(manager=Hacker, Wiley)(|(objectclass=*))


쿼리가 실행되는 권한에 따라 |(objectclass=*) 조건을 추가하면 필터가 디렉터리의 모든 항목과 일치되며 공격자가 전체 사용자 풀에 대한 정보를 검색할 수 있습니다. LDAP 쿼리를 수행하는 권한에 따라 이 공격의 범위가 제한될 수도 있지만, 공격자가 쿼리의 명령 구조를 제어할 수 있을 경우, 그러한 공격은 LDAP 쿼리를 실행하는 사용자가 액세스할 수 있는 모든 레코드에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 90
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.7 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 LDAP Injection (WASC-29)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 LDAP Injection
desc.dataflow.php.ldap_injection