계: Input Validation and Representation

입력 검증 및 표현 문제는 메타 문자, 대체 인코딩 및 숫자 표현 때문에 발생합니다. 보안 문제는 입력을 신뢰하기 때문에 발생합니다. 문제로는 "Buffer Overflows", "Cross-Site Scripting" 공격, "SQL Injection", 그 외 여러 가지가 있습니다.

OGNL Expression Injection: Struts 2

Java/JSP

Abstract

응용 프로그램이 개발 모드(devMode)로 배포되어 서버에서 임의의 명령을 실행하는 것을 허용하고 응용 프로그램 코딩 방법에 대한 자세한 정보를 유출합니다.

Explanation

Struts 2에는 devMode(개발 모드)라는 설정이 있습니다. 이 설정이 활성화된 경우 Struts 2는 추가 로깅 및 디버그 정보를 제공합니다. 그러면 성능 및 보안이 많은 영향을 받지만 개발 속도를 크게 높일 수 있습니다. devMode에서는 디버그 또는 일반적으로 무시할 수 있는 문제의 수준이 일반 모드에서 일반적으로 발생하지 않는 예외로 올라갑니다.

devMode는 또한 개발자가 값 스택에 저장된 변수를 확인할 수 있도록 하는 일부 디버깅 기능을 활성화합니다. 이러한 기능은 debug 요청 매개 변수를 사용하여 트리거할 수 있습니다.
- debug=console인 경우 개발자가 서버에서 임의의 OGNL 식을 평가할 수 있는 OGNL 평가 콘솔이 팝업으로 표시됩니다.
- debug=command인 경우 개발자는 요청 매개 변수 expression을 사용하여 평가할 임의의 OGNL 식을 제출할 수 있습니다.
- debug=xml은 매개 변수, 컨텍스트, 세션 및 값 스택을 XML 문서로 덤프합니다.
- debug=browser는 매개 변수, 컨텍스트, 세션 및 값 스택을 검색 가능한 HTML 문서로 덤프합니다.

References

[1] Apache Struts 2 Documentation - devMode

[2] Apache Struts 2 Documentation - Debugging

[3] Meder Kydyraliev Milking a horse or executing remote code in modern Java frameworks

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 94, CWE ID 95

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094

[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094

[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754

[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI

[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)

[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection

[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection

[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation

[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation

[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)

desc.config.java.ognl_expression_injection_struts2_devmode