계: Input Validation and Representation

입력 검증 및 표현 문제는 메타 문자, 대체 인코딩 및 숫자 표현 때문에 발생합니다. 보안 문제는 입력을 신뢰하기 때문에 발생합니다. 문제로는 "Buffer Overflows", "Cross-Site Scripting" 공격, "SQL Injection", 그 외 여러 가지가 있습니다.

SOQL Injection

Abstract
신뢰할 수 없는 소스의 데이터로 SOQL 쿼리를 실행하면 권한이 없는 데이터에 액세스할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
SOQL(Salesforce Object Query Language)은 응용 프로그램 데이터베이스에서 관련 정보를 검색하도록 의도되었습니다. 사용자는 SOQL 쿼리를 사용하여 해당 데이터를 변경할 수 없습니다.

SOQL(Salesforce Object Query Language) injection 오류는 다음 경우에 발생합니다.

1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.


2. 해당 데이터는 사전 처리 또는 정화 없이 SOQL 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하는 데 사용됩니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 지정된 이름을 가진 연락처를 검색하는 SOQL 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하고 실행합니다.


...
public String inputValue {
get { return inputValue; }
set { inputValue = value; }
}
...
String queryString = 'SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE (IsDeleted = false AND Name like \'%' + inputValue + '%\')';
result = Database.query(queryString);
...


이 코드가 실행하려는 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE (IsDeleted = false AND Name like '%inputValue%')


하지만 상수인 기본 쿼리 문자열과 사용자 입력 문자열을 연결하여 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하기 때문에, 쿼리는 inputValue에 작은따옴표가 들어 있지 않은 경우에만 정확하게 동작합니다. 공격자가 inputValuename') OR (Name like '% 문자열을 입력하면 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE (IsDeleted = false AND Name like '%name') OR (Name like '%%')
name') OR (Name like '% 조건을 추가하면 where 절이 LIKE '%%' 조건을 사용하게 됩니다. 이 조건은 훨씬 간단한 다음 쿼리와 논리적으로 동일하게 되므로 쿼리가 모든 가능한 ID 값을 출력하게 합니다.


SELECT Id FROM Contact WHERE ... OR (Name like '%%')


대부분의 데이터베이스 인터페이스와 달리, force.com 플랫폼의 SOQL은 세미콜론으로 구분된 여러 SOQL 문을 지원하지 않습니다. 이는 일반 SQL injection 공격의 경우에서처럼 여러 명령을 단일 쿼리로 연결할 수 없음을 의미합니다. 또한, Apex 데이터베이스는 주석을 지원하지 않으므로, 모든 작은따옴표, 괄호 또는 기타 특수 문자는 쌍으로 구성되어야 합니다.
References
[1] Salesforce Developers Technical Library Secure Coding SQL Injection
[2] S. J. Friedl SQL Injection Attacks by Example
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[4] P. Finnigan SQL Injection and Oracle, Part One Security Focus
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[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [6] CWE ID 089
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [6] CWE ID 089
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [3] CWE ID 089
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [3] CWE ID 089
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[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.4 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.5 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
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[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 SQL Injection (WASC-19)
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 SQL Injection
desc.dataflow.apex.soql_injection