계: Input Validation and Representation

입력 검증 및 표현 문제는 메타 문자, 대체 인코딩 및 숫자 표현 때문에 발생합니다. 보안 문제는 입력을 신뢰하기 때문에 발생합니다. 문제로는 "Buffer Overflows", "Cross-Site Scripting" 공격, "SQL Injection", 그 외 여러 가지가 있습니다.

2 개 항목 찾음
취약점
Abstract
사용자 입력을 포함하고 있는 SimpleDB 선택 문을 생성하면 공격자가 허가 받지 않은 레코드를 볼 수 있습니다.
Explanation
Query string injection 취약점은 다음 경우에 발생합니다.
1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.



2. 데이터를 사용하여 SimpleDB 쿼리 문자열을 동적으로 생성합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자가 지정한 제품 카테고리와 일치하는 송장을 검색하는 SimpleDB select() 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하고 실행합니다. 또한 사용자는 결과가 정렬되는 열을 지정할 수도 있습니다. 응용 프로그램이 이미 적절하게 인증되고 이 코드 세그먼트 전에 customerID의 값을 설정했다고 가정합니다.


...
String customerID = getAuthenticatedCustomerID(customerName, customerCredentials);
...
AmazonSimpleDBClient sdbc = new AmazonSimpleDBClient(appAWSCredentials);
String query = "select * from invoices where productCategory = '"
+ productCategory + "' and customerID = '"
+ customerID + "' order by '"
+ sortColumn + "' asc";
SelectResult sdbResult = sdbc.select(new SelectRequest(query));
...


이 코드가 실행하려는 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


select * from invoices
where productCategory = 'Fax Machines'
and customerID = '12345678'
order by 'price' asc


하지만 상수인 기본 쿼리 문자열과 사용자 입력 문자열을 연결하여 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하기 때문에, 쿼리는 productCategoryprice에 작은따옴표 문자가 들어 있지 않은 경우에만 정확하게 동작합니다. 그러나, 공격자가 productCategory에 대한 "Fax Machines' or productCategory = \"" 문자열 및 sortColumn에 대한 "\" order by 'price" 문자열을 제공하면, 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


select * from invoices
where productCategory = 'Fax Machines' or productCategory = "'
and customerID = '12345678'
order by '" order by 'price' asc


또는, 다음과 같이 보다 읽기 쉬운 형식을 사용합니다.


select * from invoices
where productCategory = 'Fax Machines'
or productCategory = "' and customerID = '12345678' order by '"
order by 'price' asc


이러한 입력을 통해 공격자는 customerID에 필요한 authentication을 무시할 수 있으며, 모든 고객에 대한 'Fax Machines'와 일치하는 송장 레코드를 볼 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Secure Use of Cloud Storage
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 89
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [6] CWE ID 089
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [6] CWE ID 089
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [6] CWE ID 089
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [3] CWE ID 089
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [3] CWE ID 089
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.4 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.5 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 089
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 089
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 089
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 SQL Injection (WASC-19)
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 SQL Injection
desc.dataflow.java.query_string_injection_amazon_web_services
Abstract
사용자 입력을 포함하고 있는 SQLite 쿼리 문을 생성하면 공격자가 허가 받지 않은 레코드를 볼 수 있습니다.
Explanation
Query string injection 취약점은 다음 경우에 발생합니다.
1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.



이런 경우, Fortify Static Code Analyzer는 데이터 소스를 신뢰할 수 있는 것으로 판단하지 않습니다.

2. 데이터를 사용하여 SQLite 쿼리를 동적으로 생성합니다.

SQLite query string injection으로 인해 악의적인 사용자가 무단으로 레코드를 볼 수 있으나, 어떤 방식으로도 데이터베이스의 상태를 변경할 수는 없습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 고객 및 사용자가 지정한 제품 카테고리와 관련된 송장을 검색하는 SQLite 쿼리를 동적으로 생성하고 실행합니다. 또한 사용자는 결과가 정렬되는 열을 지정할 수도 있습니다. 프로그램이 이미 적절하게 인증되고 이 코드 세그먼트 전에 customerID의 값을 설정했다고 가정합니다.


...
productCategory = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("productCategory");
sortColumn = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("sortColumn");
customerID = getAuthenticatedCustomerID(customerName, customerCredentials);
c = invoicesDB.query(Uri.parse(invoices), columns, "productCategory = '" + productCategory + "' and customerID = '" + customerID + "'", null, null, null, "'" + sortColumn + "'asc", null);
...


이 코드가 실행하려는 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


select * from invoices
where productCategory = 'Fax Machines'
and customerID = '12345678'
order by 'price' asc


그러나, 쿼리는 상수 기반 쿼리 문자열 및 사용자 입력 문자열 productCategory를 연결하여 동적으로 생성됩니다. 그러므로 쿼리는 productCategorysortColumn가 작은 따옴표 문자를 포함하지 않은 경우에만 올바르게 작동합니다. 공격자가 productCategory에 대한 "Fax Machines' or productCategory = \"" 문자열 및 sortColumn에 대한 "\" order by 'price" 문자열을 제공하면, 쿼리는 다음과 같습니다.


select * from invoices
where productCategory = 'Fax Machines' or productCategory = "'
and customerID = '12345678'
order by '" order by 'price' asc


또는 다음과 같이 보다 읽기 쉬운 형식을 사용합니다.


select * from invoices
where productCategory = 'Fax Machines'
or productCategory = "' and customerID = '12345678' order by '"
order by 'price' asc


이러한 입력을 통해 공격자는 customerID에 필요한 authentication을 무시할 수 있으며, 모든 고객에 대한 'Fax Machines'와 일치하는 송장 레코드를 볼 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Android Developers-Reference: SQLite Database
[2] SQL as Understood by SQLite
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 89
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [6] CWE ID 089
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [6] CWE ID 089
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [6] CWE ID 089
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [3] CWE ID 089
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [3] CWE ID 089
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.4 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.5 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 089
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 089
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 089
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3540.1 CAT I, APP3540.3 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002540 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 SQL Injection (WASC-19)
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 SQL Injection
desc.semantic.java.query_string_injection_android_provider