266 개 항목 찾음
취약점
Abstract
이 응용 프로그램은 더 이상 사용되지 않고 안전하지 않은 BinaryFormatter 클래스를 활성화합니다.
Explanation
.NET에서는 BinaryFormatter 클래스를 사용하여 개체를 개체 자체와 역직렬화 중 이를 재구성하는 데 필요한 메타데이터를 모두 포함하는 바이너리 스트림으로 변환할 수 있습니다.

BinaryFormatter 클래스를 사용하면 공격자가 임의의 코드를 실행하고 응용 프로그램 논리를 남용하거나 서비스 거부(DoS) 조건을 트리거할 수 있는 안전하지 않은 역직렬화 시나리오로 이어질 수 있습니다.

BinaryFormatter 유형 사용은 위험하며 안전하게 보호할 수 없으므로 데이터 처리에 사용하지 않는 것이 좋습니다.

예제 1: 이 응용 프로그램은 runtimeConfig.json 파일의 config 속성 EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerializationtrue로 설정하여 안전하지 않은 BinaryFormatter 클래스의 사용을 활성화합니다.

...
AppContext.SetSwitch("System.Runtime.Serialization.EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization", true);
...
References
[1] Microsoft BinaryFormatter serialization methods are obsolete and prohibited in ASP.NET apps
[2] Microsoft Deserialization risks in use of BinaryFormatter and related types
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 470, CWE ID 494
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[9] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3
[10] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[11] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.semantic.dotnet.dotnet_bad_practices_binaryformatter_enabled
Abstract
이 응용 프로그램은 더 이상 사용되지 않고 안전하지 않은 BinaryFormatter 클래스를 활성화합니다.
Explanation
.NET에서는 BinaryFormatter 클래스를 사용하여 개체를 개체 자체와 역직렬화 중 이를 재구성하는 데 필요한 메타데이터를 모두 포함하는 바이너리 스트림으로 변환할 수 있습니다.

BinaryFormatter 클래스를 사용하면 공격자가 임의의 코드를 실행하고 응용 프로그램 논리를 남용하거나 서비스 거부(DoS) 조건을 트리거할 수 있는 안전하지 않은 역직렬화 시나리오로 이어질 수 있습니다.

BinaryFormatter 클래스 사용은 위험하며 안전하게 보호할 수 없으므로 데이터 처리에 사용하지 않는 것이 좋습니다.

예제 1: 이 응용 프로그램은 runtimeConfig.json 파일의 config 속성 EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerializationtrue로 설정하여 안전하지 않은 BinaryFormatter 클래스의 사용을 활성화합니다.

{
"configProperties": {
"System.Runtime.Serialization.EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization": true
}
}
References
[1] Microsoft BinaryFormatter serialization methods are obsolete and prohibited in ASP.NET apps
[2] Microsoft Deserialization risks in use of BinaryFormatter and related types
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 470, CWE ID 494
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[9] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3
[10] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[11] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.json.dotnet_bad_practices_binaryformatter_enabled
Abstract
메서드 호출에서 접근 지정자가 변경됩니다.
Explanation
프로그래머는 AccessibleObject API를 사용하여 Java 액세스 지정자가 제공하는 access control 검사를 회피할 수 있습니다. 특히 프로그래머는 reflected 개체가 Java 액세스 제어를 무시하도록 허용하고 개인 필드의 값을 변경하거나 private 메서드를 호출할 수 있지만, 이러한 동작은 일반적으로 허용되지 않습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 284
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-001310, CCI-002165
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1), CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change (P1), SC-3 Security Function Isolation (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement, CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change, SC-3 Security Function Isolation, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.4.2 Access Control Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 1.4.4 Access Control Architectural Requirements (L2 L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1, MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 676
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.dataflow.java.access_specifier_manipulation
Abstract
메서드 호출에서 접근 지정자가 변경하거나 우회됩니다.
Explanation
send 함수 및 해당 변형을 사용하면 프로그래머는 함수에 대한 Ruby 접근 지정자를 우회할 수 있습니다. 특히 프로그래머는 일반적으로는 허용되지 않는 개인(private) 및 보호(protected) 필드에의 접근이 가능합니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 284
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-001310, CCI-002165
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1), CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change (P1), SC-3 Security Function Isolation (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement, CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change, SC-3 Security Function Isolation, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.4.2 Access Control Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 1.4.4 Access Control Architectural Requirements (L2 L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1, MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 676
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.structural.ruby.access_specifier_manipulation
Abstract
Oracle ADF Faces의 책갈피 지정 가능한 보기에 URL 매개 변수 변환기가 없습니다.
Explanation
정규 JSF 응용 프로그램에서는 지정한 변환기 및 유효성 검사기를 사용하여 UI 구성 요소가 값을 변환하고 확인합니다. 변환 및 검증은 페이지가 제출될 때 발생합니다. Fusion 응용 프로그램에서 책갈피 지정 가능한 보기는 페이지 제출로 연결되지 않으므로 기본적으로 유사한 변환 또는 검증이 수행되지 않습니다.

예제 1: 다음 구성 파일 조각은 paramName URL 매개 변수의 변환 또는 검증을 수행하지 않도록 구성된 책갈피 지정 가능한 보기의 샘플을 보여줍니다.


...
<bookmark>
<method>#{paramHandler.handleParams}</method>
<url-parameter>
<name>paramName</name>
<value>#{requestScope.paramName}</value>
</url-parameter>
</bookmark>
...
References
[1] Oracle(R) Fusion Middleware Fusion Developer's Guide for Oracle Application Development Framework, 15.2.3.Bookmarking View Activities
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 20
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 2.2.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 2.2.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.adf_bad_practices_missing_url_parameter_converter
Abstract
unsecure 속성은 클라이언트에서 그 값이 설정될 수 있는 속성의 목록을 지정합니다.
Explanation
Oracle ADF Faces 구성 요소의 속성 값은 대개 서버에서만 설정될 수 있습니다. 그러나 구성 요소가 많으면 개발자가 클라이언트에서 설정될 수 있는 속성의 목록을 정의할 수 있습니다. 이러한 구성 요소의 unsecure 속성은 그러한 목록을 지정할 수 있습니다.

현재 unsecure 속성 내에 나타날 수 있는 유일한 속성은 disabled이며, 이는 활성화되는 구성 요소와 그렇지 않은 구성 요소를 클라이언트가 정의하도록 허용합니다. 서버에서만 설정할 수 있는 속성의 값을 클라이언트가 제어하도록 하는 것은 좋은 방법이 아닙니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자에게서 비밀번호 정보를 수집하고 unsecure 속성을 사용하는 inputText 구성 요소를 보여줍니다.


...
<af:inputText id="pwdBox"
label="#{resources.PWD}"
value=""#{userBean.password}
unsecure="disabled"
secret="true"
required="true"/>
...
References
[1] Oracle ADF Faces Tag Reference
[2] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[3] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[4] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
desc.structural.java.adf_faces_bad_practices_unsecure_attribute
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 file:// 프로토콜에 대해 쿠키를 사용하도록 허용하며, 이로 인해 예기치 않은 보안 영향이 발생할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
쿠키는 RFC 2109에 따라 엄격하게 제한되는 HTTP 메커니즘입니다. file://을 비롯해, HTTP 이외의 프로토콜에서 작동한다고 기대할 합리적인 이유가 없습니다. 어떤 동작이 수행될지, 어떤 보안 분류 규칙이 적용될지가 분명하지 않습니다. 예를 들어 인터넷 공유에서 로컬 디스크로 HTML 파일을 다운로드해야 한다면 HTML 코드처럼 동일한 쿠키가 로컬에 설치됩니까?
References
[1] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[2] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
desc.semantic.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_file_scheme_cookies
Abstract
신뢰할 수 없는 소스 또는 신뢰할 수 없는 환경에서 클래스를 로드하면 응용 프로그램이 공격자 대신 악의적인 명령을 실행할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
Android 클래스 로드 하이재킹 취약점은 다음 두 가지 형태로 나타납니다.

- 프로그램이 클래스를 로드하기 위해 검색하는 디렉터리의 이름을 공격자가 변경하여 자신이 제어권을 가진 디렉터리를 가리키도록 할 수 있습니다. 즉, 클래스를 검색할 경로를 공격자가 명시적으로 제어합니다.

- 클래스가 로드되는 환경을 공격자가 변경할 수 있습니다. 즉, 공격자가 암시적으로 경로 이름의 의미를 제어합니다.

이 경우에는 공격자가 로드할 클래스를 검색하는 디렉터리를 제어할 수 있는 첫 번째 시나리오를 집중적으로 살펴보겠습니다. 이러한 유형의 Android 클래스 로드 하이재킹 취약점은 다음 경우에 발생합니다.

1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 응용 프로그램에 입력됩니다.



2. 데이터는 로드할 클래스를 찾을 라이브러리 디렉터리를 나타내는 문자열 또는 문자열의 일부로 사용됩니다.



3. 응용 프로그램은 라이브러리 경로의 코드를 실행하여 공격자에게 공격자가 다른 방법으로는 얻을 수 없는 권한 또는 기능을 부여합니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자가 변경 가능한 userClassPath를 사용하여 로드할 클래스를 검색할 디렉터리를 결정합니다.


...
productCategory = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("userClassPath");
DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(productCategory, optimizedDexOutputPath.getAbsolutePath(), null, getClassLoader());
...


이 코드를 통해 공격자는 userClassPath의 결과를 자신이 제어하는 다른 경로를 가리키도록 수정할 수 있기 때문에 공격자가 라이브러리를 로드하고 응용 프로그램의 높은 권한으로 임의 코드를 실행할 수 있습니다. 프로그램이 환경에서 읽은 값을 확인하지 않기 때문에 공격자가 userClassPath의 값을 제어할 수 있으면, 공격자가 제어하는 디렉터리를 가리키도록 응용 프로그램을 속일 수 있고 이에 따라 공격자가 정의한 클래스를 원래 응용 프로그램과 동일한 권한으로 로드할 수 있습니다.

예제 2: 다음 코드는 사용자가 변경 가능한 userOutput를 사용하여 로드할 클래스를 검색할 디렉터리를 결정합니다.


...
productCategory = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("userOutput");
DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(sanitizedPath, productCategory, null, getClassLoader());
...



이 코드에서는 공격자가 ODEX(Optimized DEX) 파일의 출력 디렉터리를 지정하는 것이 가능합니다. 그러면 악의적인 사용자가 userOutput의 값을 외부 저장소와 같은 자신이 제어하는 디렉터리로 변경할 수 있습니다. 이렇게 되면 출력된 ODEX 파일을 악의적 ODEX 파일로 바꾸기만 하면 원래 응용 프로그램과 동일한 권한으로 실행됩니다.
References
[1] Android Class Loading Hijacking Symantec
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 114
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
desc.dataflow.java.android_class_loading_hijacking
Abstract
Zip Entry Overwrite 보호가 비활성화되었습니다. Zip Entry Overwrite 보호는 Zip 파일 항목 이름의 유효성을 검사하여 Zip Path Traversal 취약점으로부터 보호합니다.
Explanation
Zip Path Traversal 취약점은 악의적 작업자가 지정된 Zip 파일에서 Zip 파일 항목 이름을 지정할 때 발생합니다. Zip 파일 항목 이름이 악의적으로 지정되면 공격자는 해당 Zip 파일이 확장될 때 주요 시스템 파일의 내용을 덮어쓸 수 있습니다. 공격자는 ..// 같은 Path Traversal 표현을 사용하여 프로그램 범위를 벗어나 시스템 파일에 액세스할 수 있습니다. Android 14 이상을 대상으로 하는 Android 응용 프로그램은 Zip 파일 추출 도중 ..// 같은 표현이 감지될 때 기본적으로 예외를 발생시킬 수 있습니다. 이 보안 기능은 재정의되거나 완전히 비활성화될 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 Zip Entry Overwrite 보호를 비활성화합니다.


...
dalvik.system.ZipPathValidator.clearCallback();
...
References
[1] Zip Path Traversal
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 22, CWE ID 73
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [10] CWE ID 022
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [12] CWE ID 022
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [8] CWE ID 022
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [8] CWE ID 022
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [8] CWE ID 022
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [5] CWE ID 022, [12] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000345, CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.3.1 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.2 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 426
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 022
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 022
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002960 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002960 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002960 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Path Traversal (WASC-33)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Path Traversal
desc.semantic.java.android_misconfiguration_zip_entry_overwrite_protection_disabled
Abstract
모델을 수신하는 ASP.NET Web API 작업 메서드는 확인되지 않은 입력으로 인한 취약점을 방지할 수 있도록 모델 검증의 통과 여부를 확인해야 합니다.
Explanation
확인되지 않은 입력은 ASP.NET Web API 서비스 취약점의 주된 원인 중 하나입니다. 확인되지 않은 입력은 Cross-Site Scripting, Process Control, Access Control 및 SQL Injection 등 수많은 취약점을 야기할 수 있습니다. ASP.NET Web API 서비스는 보통 메모리 손상 공격에는 취약하지 않지만 ASP.NET Web API 서비스가 배열 범위 검사를 수행하지 않는 네이티브 코드를 호출하는 경우, 공격자가 ASP.NET Web API 서비스의 입력값 검증 약점를 이용하여 Buffer Overflow 공격을 가할 수 있습니다.

이러한 공격을 차단하려면 다음을 수행합니다.
1. 검증 속성을 사용하여 모델 바인딩 개체 매개 변수의 매개 변수 또는 멤버에 대한 검증 확인을 ASP.NET Web API 서비스 작업에 프로그래밍 방식으로 주석 추가합니다.
2. ModelState.IsValid를 사용하여 모델 검증의 통과 여부를 확인합니다.
References
[1] Jon Galloway, Phil Haack, Brad Wilson, K. Scott Allen Professional ASP.NET MVC 4 Wrox Press
[2] Model Validation Microsoft ASP.NET Site
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 20
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 020
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.dotnet.asp_dotnet_bad_practices_unvalidated_web_api_model
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 ASP.NET 쿠키 정책 미들웨어를 잘못 지정합니다.
Explanation
미들웨어 파이프라인에 올바른 순서로 추가되지 않은 ASP.NET Core 미들웨어는 의도한 대로 작동하지 않아 응용 프로그램이 다양한 보안 문제에 노출될 수 있습니다.

예제 1:UseCookiePolicy() 메서드는 쿠키 정책 미들웨어를 미들웨어 파이프라인에 추가하여 사용자 지정 쿠키 정책을 허용합니다. 표시된 대로 잘못된 순서로 지정하면 프로그래머가 지정한 모든 쿠키 정책이 무시됩니다.


...
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(...);
var app = builder.Build(...);
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseSession();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
...
}

app.UseCookiePolicy();
...
References
[1] Rick Anderson, Steve Smith ASP.NET Core Middleware Microsoft
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 696, CWE ID 1188, CWE ID 565
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP, SC
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.1 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design, Control Objective 2.3 - Secure Defaults
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design, Control Objective 2.3 - Secure Defaults, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.controlflow.dotnet.asp_dotnet_middleware_out_of_order_default_cookie_configuration
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 기본 ASP.NET HTTPS 리디렉션 미들웨어를 잘못 지정합니다.
Explanation
미들웨어 파이프라인에 올바른 순서로 추가되지 않은 ASP.NET Core 미들웨어는 의도한 대로 작동하지 않아 응용 프로그램이 다양한 보안 문제에 노출될 수 있습니다.

예제 1:UseHttpsRedirection() 메서드는 안전하지 않은 HTTP 요청을 안전한 HTTPS 요청으로 리디렉션할 수 있도록 미들웨어 파이프라인에 HTTPS 리디렉션 미들웨어를 추가합니다. 표시된 대로 잘못된 순서로 지정하면 리디렉션 전에 나열된 미들웨어를 통해 요청을 처리하기 전에 의미 있는 HTTPS 리디렉션이 발생하지 않습니다. 이렇게 하면 안전한 HTTPS 연결로 리디렉션되기 전에 응용 프로그램에서 HTTP 요청을 처리할 수 있습니다.


...
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(...);
var app = builder.Build(...);
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseSession();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
...
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
...
References
[1] Rick Anderson, Steve Smith ASP.NET Core Middleware Microsoft
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 696, CWE ID 200, CWE ID 311, CWE ID 319
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000068, CCI-001453, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422, CCI-002890, CCI-003123
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SC
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-17 Remote Access (P1), MA-4 Nonlocal Maintenance (P2), SC-2 Application Partitioning (P1), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-17 Remote Access, MA-4 Nonlocal Maintenance, SC-2 Separation of System and User Functionality, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M5 Insecure Communication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 319
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002150 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
desc.controlflow.dotnet.asp_dotnet_middleware_out_of_order_insecure_transport
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 ASP.NET Core 로깅 미들웨어를 잘못 지정합니다.
Explanation
미들웨어 파이프라인에 올바른 순서로 추가되지 않은 ASP.NET Core 미들웨어는 의도한 대로 작동하지 않아 응용 프로그램이 다양한 보안 문제에 노출될 수 있습니다.

예제 1:UseHttpLogging() 메서드는 미들웨어 구성 요소가 로깅할 수 있도록 미들웨어 파이프라인에 HTTP 로깅 미들웨어를 추가합니다. 표시된 대로 잘못된 순서로 지정하면 UseHttpLogging() 호출 전에 파이프라인에 추가된 미들웨어는 로깅되지 않습니다.


...
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(...);
var app = builder.Build(...);
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseSession();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
...
}

app.UseHttpLogging();
...
예제 2:UseWC3Logging() 메서드는 미들웨어 구성 요소가 로깅할 수 있도록 미들웨어 파이프라인에 W3C 로깅 미들웨어를 추가합니다. 표시된 대로 잘못된 순서로 지정하면 UseWC3Logging() 호출 전에 파이프라인에 추가된 미들웨어는 로깅되지 않습니다.


...
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(...);
var app = builder.Build(...);
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
app.UseSession();
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
...
}

app.UseWC3Logging();
...
References
[1] Rick Anderson, Steve Smith ASP.NET Core Middleware Microsoft
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 696, CWE ID 778
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000172
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-10 Non-Repudiation (P2), AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-10 Non-Repudiation, AU-12 Audit Record Generation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10, Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3680.4 CAT II, APP3680.5 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3680.4 CAT II, APP3680.5 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3680.4 CAT II, APP3680.5 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3680.4 CAT II, APP3680.5 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3680.4 CAT II, APP3680.5 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3680.4 CAT II, APP3680.5 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3680.4 CAT II, APP3680.5 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.controlflow.dotnet.asp_dotnet_middleware_out_of_order_insufficient_logging
Abstract
이 컨트롤러 작업은 다음 HTTP 동사 중 하나만 수락하도록 제한하는 것이 좋을 수 있습니다. Post, Put, Patch 또는 Delete.
Explanation
쓰기, 업데이트 또는 삭제를 통해 데이터를 수정하는 ASP.NET MVC 컨트롤러 작업은 다음 HTTP 동사 중 하나만 수락하도록 제한하는 것이 좋을 수 있습니다. Post, Put, Patch 또는 Delete. 이렇게 하면 실수로 링크를 클릭해도 작업이 실행되지 않으므로 교차 사이트 요청 위조가 어려워집니다.

다음 컨트롤러 작업은 기본적으로 모든 verb를 허용하므로 cross-site request forgery에 취약할 수 있습니다.


public ActionResult UpdateWidget(Model model)
{
// ... controller logic
}
References
[1] Don't use Delete Links because they create Security Holes
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 352
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [9] CWE ID 352
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [9] CWE ID 352
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [9] CWE ID 352
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [9] CWE ID 352
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [9] CWE ID 352
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [4] CWE ID 352
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-001941, CCI-001942
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), SC-23 Session Authenticity, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 4.2.2 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 13.2.3 RESTful Web Service Verification Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A5 Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A5 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A8 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.5
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.9
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3585 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3585 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3585 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3585 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3585 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3585 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3585 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Request Forgery (WASC-09)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Request Forgery
desc.structural.dotnet.aspnet_mvc_bad_practices_action_not_post_only
Abstract
모델 클래스는 필수 속성과 비필수 속성을 모두 포함하기 때문에 over-posting 공격에 취약할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
[Required] 속성으로 표시되는 필수 속성과 [Required] 속성으로 표시되지 않는 옵션 속성이 모두 포함된 모델 클래스를 사용하는 경우, 공격자가 필요한 것보다 많은 데이터가 포함된 요청을 전달하면 문제가 발생할 수 있습니다.

ASP.NET MVC 프레임워크는 요청 매개 변수를 모델 속성에 바인딩하려고 합니다.

모델에 바인딩할 매개 변수를 명시적으로 전달하지 않고 필수 속성과 비필수 속성을 혼합하여 포함하고 있으면 내부용 모델 속성을 공격자가 제어하게 될 수 있습니다.

다음 코드는 [Required]가 지정된 속성과 [Required]가 지정되지 않은 속성이 포함된 가능 모델 클래스를 정의합니다.


public class MyModel
{
[Required]
public String UserName { get; set; }

[Required]
public String Password { get; set; }

public Boolean IsAdmin { get; set; }
}


옵션 매개 변수를 사용하여 응용 프로그램 동작을 변경할 수 있는 경우 공격자가 요청에서 옵션 매개 변수를 전달하면 해당 동작을 실제로 변경할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Input Validation vs. Model Validation in ASP.NET MVC
[2] BindAttribute Class
[3] RequiredAttribute Class
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 345
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002422
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 13.2.6 RESTful Web Service Verification Requirements (L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.dotnet.aspnet_mvc_bad_practices_mixed_required_model
Abstract
모델 클래스는 null이 허용되지 않는 필수 속성을 포함하기 때문에 under-posting 공격에 취약할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
null이 허용되지 않는 필수 속성([Required] 속성으로 표시됨)이 포함된 모델 클래스를 사용하는 경우, 공격자가 필요한 것보다 적은 데이터가 포함된 요청을 전달하면 문제가 발생할 수 있습니다.

ASP.NET MVC 프레임워크는 요청 매개 변수를 모델 속성에 바인딩하려고 합니다.

모델에 null이 허용되지 않는 필수 매개 변수가 포함되어 있는데 공격자가 요청 시 필수 매개 변수를 전달하지 않는 경우, 즉 공격자가 under-posting 공격을 사용하면 속성에 기본값(보통 0)이 지정되므로 [Required] 확인 속성이 충족됩니다. 따라서 응용 프로그램이 예기치 않게 동작할 수 있습니다.

다음 코드는 null이 허용되지 않는 필수 열거가 포함된 가능 모델 클래스를 정의합니다.


public enum ArgumentOptions
{
OptionA = 1,
OptionB = 2
}

public class Model
{
[Required]
public String Argument { get; set; }

[Required]
public ArgumentOptions Rounding { get; set; }
}
References
[1] Input Validation vs. Model Validation in ASP.NET MVC
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 345
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002422
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 13.2.6 RESTful Web Service Verification Requirements (L2 L3)
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.dotnet.aspnet_mvc_bad_practices_required_non_nullable_in_model
Abstract
모델 클래스는 필수 속성을 포함하며 유형이 상위 모델 유형의 옵션 멤버이므로 under-posting 공격에 취약할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
필수 속성을 포함하며 유형이 상위 모델 클래스의 옵션 멤버인 모델 클래스는 공격자가 필요한 것보다 적은 데이터가 포함된 요청을 전달하면 under-posting 공격에 취약해질 수 있습니다.

ASP.NET MVC 프레임워크는 하위 모델을 포함한 요청 매개 변수를 모델 속성에 바인딩하려고 합니다.

하위 모델이 옵션인 경우, 즉 상위 모델에 [Required] 속성이 없는 속성이 있는 경우에 공격자가 해당 하위 모델을 전달하지 않으면 상위 모델에는 null 값이 지정되고 하위 모델의 필수 필드가 모델 확인을 통해 어설션되지 않습니다. 이는 under-posting 공격의 한 형태입니다.

다음의 모델 클래스 정의를 살펴보십시오.


public class ChildModel
{
public ChildModel()
{
}

[Required]
public String RequiredProperty { get; set; }
}

public class ParentModel
{
public ParentModel()
{
}

public ChildModel Child { get; set; }
}


공격자가 ParentModel.Child 속성의 값을 전달하지 않으면 ChildModel.RequiredProperty 속성에 [Required]가 지정되며, 이 값은 어설션되지 않습니다. 따라서 예기치 않은 부적절한 결과가 발생할 수 있습니다.
References
[1] Input Validation vs. Model Validation in ASP.NET MVC
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 345
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002422
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 13.2.6 RESTful Web Service Verification Requirements (L2 L3)
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.dotnet.aspnet_mvc_bad_practices_optional_submodel_with_required_property
Abstract
공격자가 시스템 무결성을 손상시킬 수 있는 Arbitrary Bean 속성을 설정할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
Bean을 채우기 전에 Bean 속성 이름과 값을 확인해야 합니다. Bean 채우기 기능을 통해 개발자가 Bean 속성 또는 Nested 속성을 설정할 수 있습니다. 공격자는 이 기능을 활용하여 시스템 속성을 오버라이드하고 임의의 코드를 실행할 수 있는 특수 Bean 속성(예: class.classLoader)에 액세스할 수 있게 됩니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 속성 이름이나 값에 대한 적합한 확인 없이 사용자 제어 Bean 속성을 설정합니다.


String prop = request.getParameter('prop');
String value = request.getParameter('value');
HashMap properties = new HashMap();
properties.put(prop, value);
BeanUtils.populate(user, properties);
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 15
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.bean_manipulation
Abstract
응용 프로그램은 정당성을 제공하지 않고 사용자에게 지문을 입력하도록 요청합니다.
Explanation
Apple의 정책에 따르면 응용 프로그램은 항상 지문이 필요한 이유를 사용자에게 설명해야 합니다. 이렇게 하지 않으면 사용자에게 혼동이 발생하거나 응용 프로그램이 AppStore에서 거부될 수도 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드에서는 터치 ID를 사용하여 사용자를 인증하지만 인증이 필요한 이유를 설명하는 지역화된 설명을 제공하지 못합니다.


[context evaluatePolicy:LAPolicyDeviceOwnerAuthenticationWithBiometrics localizedReason:nil
reply:^(BOOL success, NSError *error) {
if (success) {
NSLog(@"Auth was OK");
}
}];
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] Keychain and Authentication with Touch ID Apple
[3] https://developer.apple.com/reference/localauthentication/lacontext Apple
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1, MASVS-AUTH-2
desc.structural.objc.biometric_authentication_missing_operation_message
Abstract
응용 프로그램은 정당성을 제공하지 않고 사용자에게 지문을 입력하도록 요청합니다.
Explanation
Apple의 정책에 따르면 응용 프로그램은 항상 지문이 필요한 이유를 사용자에게 설명해야 합니다. 이렇게 하지 않으면 사용자에게 혼동이 발생하거나 응용 프로그램이 AppStore에서 거부될 수도 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드에서는 터치 ID를 사용하여 사용자를 인증하지만 인증이 필요한 이유를 설명하는 지역화된 설명을 제공하지 못합니다.


context.evaluatePolicy(LAPolicy.DeviceOwnerAuthenticationWithBiometrics, localizedReason: "", reply: { (success, error) -> Void in
if (success) {
print("Auth was OK");
}
else {
print("Error received: %d", error!);
}
})
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] Keychain and Authentication with Touch ID Apple
[3] https://developer.apple.com/reference/localauthentication/lacontext Apple
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1, MASVS-AUTH-2
desc.structural.swift.biometric_authentication_missing_operation_message
Abstract
할당된 메모리 블록 경계 외부에 쓰면 데이터가 손상되거나 프로그램이 중단되거나 악성 코드가 실행될 수 있습니다.
Explanation
Buffer overflow는 가장 널리 알려진 형태의 소프트웨어 보안 취약점입니다. 대부분의 소프트웨어 개발자가 buffer overflow의 취약점이 무엇인지 알고 있지만 이전 응용 프로그램 및 새로 개발된 응용 프로그램 모두에 대한 buffer overflow 공격은 여전히 빈번하게 발생합니다. 문제의 일부는 Buffer overflow가 발생하는 다양한 방식 때문이고 일부는 이 취약점을 예방하는 데 사용하는, 오류가 발생하기 쉬운 기법 때문입니다.

전형적인 Buffer overflow 익스플로이트에서 공격자는 프로그램에 데이터를 보내고 프로그램은 크기가 작은 스택 버퍼에 데이터를 저장합니다. 그 결과, 함수의 반환 포인터를 비롯한 호출 스택에 있는 정보를 덮어씁니다. 데이터는 함수가 값을 반환할 때 공격자의 데이터에 들어 있는 악성 코드에 제어를 전달하도록 반환 포인터 값을 설정합니다.

이런 유형의 스택 buffer overflow가 일부 플랫폼 및 일부 개발 커뮤니티에서는 여전히 빈번하지만 대표적으로 힙 buffer overflow 및 off-by-one 오류를 포함하여 다른 유형의 buffer overflow 도 많이 있습니다. Building Secure Software[1], Writing Secure Code[2] 및 The Shellcoder's Handbook[3]을 비롯하여 buffer overflow 공격의 동작 원리를 자세하게 기술한 훌륭한 책들이 많이 있습니다.

코드 수준에서 buffer overflow의 취약점은 일반적으로 프로그래머의 가정 위반과 관련이 있습니다. C 및 C++의 많은 메모리 조작 함수는 범위 검사를 수행하지 않으며 자신이 동작을 수행하는 버퍼의 할당 범위를 쉽게 침범합니다. strncpy()와 같은 범위 지정 함수도 잘못 사용되면 취약점을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 대부분의 buffer overflow의 원인은 메모리 조작과 데이터의 크기 또는 구성에 대한 가정 위반이 결합된 것입니다.

Buffer overflow의 취약점은 일반적으로 다음 코드에 나타납니다.

- 외부 데이터를 사용하여 동작을 제어하는 코드.

- 코드 범위 밖에서 이행되는 데이터의 속성에 의존하는 코드.

- 너무 복잡해서 프로그래머가 정확하게 동작을 예측할 수 없는 코드.



다음 예제는 세 가지 시나리오를 모두 보여줍니다.

예제 1.a: 다음 샘플 코드는 코드가 외부 데이터를 사용하여 동작을 제어하는 첫 번째 시나리오에서 자주 발생하는 간단한 buffer overflow를 보여줍니다. 코드는 gets() 함수를 사용하여 임의의 양의 데이터를 스택 버퍼에 읽어들입니다. 이 함수가 읽는 데이터의 양을 제한할 방법이 없기 때문에 코드의 안전성은 사용자가 BUFSIZE 문자보다 적은 문자를 입력하는 것에 의존할 수 밖에 없습니다.


...
char buf[BUFSIZE];
gets(buf);
...
예제 1.b: 이 예제는 >> 연산자를 사용하여 입력을 char[] 문자열에 읽어들임으로써 C++의 gets() 함수의 안전하지 않은 동작을 쉽게 모방할 수 있다는 것을 보여줍니다.


...
char buf[BUFSIZE];
cin >> (buf);
...
예제 2: 또한 이 예제의 코드는 사용자 입력에 의존하여 동작을 제어하지만 범위 지정 메모리 복사 함수 memcpy()를 사용하여 간접 참조를 추가합니다. 이 함수는 대상 버퍼, 소스 버퍼 및 복사할 바이트 수를 받습니다. 입력 버퍼는 범위 지정 read() 호출로 채워지지만 사용자는 memcpy()가 복사하는 바이트 수를 지정합니다.


...
char buf[64], in[MAX_SIZE];
printf("Enter buffer contents:\n");
read(0, in, MAX_SIZE-1);
printf("Bytes to copy:\n");
scanf("%d", &bytes);
memcpy(buf, in, bytes);
...


참조: 이런 유형의 buffer overflow 취약점(프로그램이 데이터를 읽고 나머지 데이터에 대한 이후의 메모리 작업에서 이 데이터의 값을 신뢰하는 경우)은 이미지, 오디오 및 기타 파일 처리 라이브러리에 자주 발생합니다.

예제 3: 다음은 코드가 로컬로 확인되지 않는 데이터의 속성에 의존하는 두 번째 시나리오의 예제입니다. 이 예제에서 lccopy()라는 함수는 문자열을 인수로 받아 모든 대문자를 소문자로 변환한 문자열의 힙 할당 복사본을 반환합니다. 이 함수는 str이 항상 BUFSIZE보다 작다고 예상하기 때문에 해당 입력에 대한 범위 검사를 수행하지 않습니다. 공격자가 lccopy()를 호출하는 코드의 검사를 우회하거나 해당 코드를 변경하여 str의 크기에 대한 가정을 참이 아닌 값으로 만드는 경우, lccopy()strcpy()를 범위 지정 없이 호출하여 buf 오버플로를 일으킵니다.


char *lccopy(const char *str) {
char buf[BUFSIZE];
char *p;

strcpy(buf, str);
for (p = buf; *p; p++) {
if (isupper(*p)) {
*p = tolower(*p);
}
}
return strdup(buf);
}
예제 4: 세 번째 시나리오(코드가 너무 복잡하여 동작을 쉽게 예측할 수 없음)에 해당하는 코드가 아래에 나와 있습니다. 이 코드는 다양한 응용 프로그램에서 널리 사용되는 libPNG 이미지 디코더에서 발췌한 것입니다.

코드는 변수 길이를 검사하기 때문에 범위 검사를 안전하게 수행하는 것처럼 보입니다. 코드는 나중에 이 변수 길이를 사용하여 png_crc_read()가 복사하는 데이터 양을 제어합니다. 하지만 길이를 테스트하기 직전에 코드는 png_ptr->mode에 대한 검사를 수행하고 이 검사가 실패하면 경고를 표시하고 처리를 계속합니다. lengthelse if 블록에서 테스트되므로 첫 번째 검사가 실패하면 length가 테스트되지 않고 png_crc_read() 호출에 무조건 사용되어 스택 Buffer Overflow를 허용할 수 있습니다.

이 예제의 코드가 이제까지 본 코드 중에 가장 복잡한 것은 아니지만 메모리 작업을 수행하는 코드에서 복잡성을 최소화해야 하는 이유를 잘 보여줍니다.


if (!(png_ptr->mode & PNG_HAVE_PLTE)) {
/* Should be an error, but we can cope with it */
png_warning(png_ptr, "Missing PLTE before tRNS");
}
else if (length > (png_uint_32)png_ptr->num_palette) {
png_warning(png_ptr, "Incorrect tRNS chunk length");
png_crc_finish(png_ptr, length);
return;
}
...
png_crc_read(png_ptr, readbuf, (png_size_t)length);
예제 5: 이 예제는 프로그램의 복잡성 때문에 buffer overflow에 노출되는 세 번째 시나리오도 보여줍니다. 이 경우, 노출은 코드의 구조 때문이 아니라 함수의 모호한 인터페이스 때문입니다(이전 예제의 경우와 마찬가지).

getUserInfo() 함수는 지정한 사용자 이름을 멀티바이트 문자열 및 사용자 정보의 구조체에 대한 포인터로 받아 사용자에 대한 정보로 구조체를 채웁니다. Windows authentication이 사용자 이름에 유니코드를 사용하기 때문에 우선 username 인수를 멀티바이트 문자열에서 유니코드 문자열로 변환합니다. 그런 다음 이 함수는 unicodeUser의 크기를 문자 수가 아닌 바이트 수로 잘못 전달합니다. 따라서 MultiByteToWideChar() 호출은 (UNLEN+1)*sizeof(WCHAR) 길이의 문자 또는
(UNLEN+1)*sizeof(WCHAR)*sizeof(WCHAR)바이트까지 (UNLEN+1)*sizeof(WCHAR)바이트만 할당된 unicodeUser 배열에 쓸 수 있습니다. username 문자열에 UNLEN 문자 넘게 포함되면 MultiByteToWideChar() 호출은 버퍼 unicodeUser 오버플로를 일으킵니다.


void getUserInfo(char *username, struct _USER_INFO_2 info){
WCHAR unicodeUser[UNLEN+1];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, username, -1,
unicodeUser, sizeof(unicodeUser));
NetUserGetInfo(NULL, unicodeUser, 2, (LPBYTE *)&info);
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] About Strsafe.h Microsoft
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 120, CWE ID 129, CWE ID 131, CWE ID 787
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [3] CWE ID 020, [12] CWE ID 787
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [3] CWE ID 020, [2] CWE ID 787
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [1] CWE ID 787, [4] CWE ID 020, [17] CWE ID 119
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [1] CWE ID 787, [4] CWE ID 020, [19] CWE ID 119
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [1] CWE ID 787, [6] CWE ID 020, [17] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [2] CWE ID 787, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754, CCI-002824
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[15] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3, Rule 21.17
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1, Rule 18-0-5
[17] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3, Rule 21.2.2
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[19] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.4.1 Memory/String/Unmanaged Code Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.4.2 Memory/String/Unmanaged Code Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.2 Build (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 120, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 129, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 131
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 120, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 131
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Buffer Overflow (WASC-07)
[66] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Buffer Overflow
desc.dataflow.cpp.buffer_overflow
Abstract
프로그램이 할당된 메모리 경계 외부를 쓰도록 허용하는 부적절한 경계 format string을 사용합니다. 이러한 동작으로 인해 데이터가 손상되거나, 프로그램이 중단되거나 악성코드가 실행될 수 있습니다.
Explanation
Buffer overflow는 가장 널리 알려진 형태의 소프트웨어 보안 취약점입니다. 대부분의 소프트웨어 개발자가 buffer overflow의 취약점이 무엇인지 알고 있지만 이전 응용 프로그램 및 새로 개발된 응용 프로그램 모두에 대한 buffer overflow 공격은 여전히 빈번하게 발생합니다. 문제의 일부는 Buffer overflow가 발생하는 다양한 방식 때문이고 일부는 이 취약점을 예방하는 데 사용하는, 오류가 발생하기 쉬운 기법 때문입니다.

전형적인 Buffer overflow 익스플로이트에서 공격자는 프로그램에 데이터를 보내고 프로그램은 크기가 작은 스택 버퍼에 데이터를 저장합니다. 그 결과, 함수의 반환 포인터를 비롯한 호출 스택에 있는 정보를 덮어씁니다. 데이터는 함수가 값을 반환할 때 공격자의 데이터에 들어 있는 악성 코드에 제어를 전달하도록 반환 포인터 값을 설정합니다.

이런 유형의 스택 buffer overflow가 일부 플랫폼 및 일부 개발 커뮤니티에서는 여전히 빈번하지만 대표적으로 힙 buffer overflow 및 off-by-one 오류를 포함하여 다른 유형의 buffer overflow 도 많이 있습니다. Building Secure Software[1], Writing Secure Code[2] 및 The Shellcoder's Handbook[3]을 비롯하여 buffer overflow 공격의 동작 원리를 자세하게 기술한 훌륭한 책들이 많이 있습니다.

코드 수준에서 buffer overflow의 취약점은 일반적으로 프로그래머의 가정 위반과 관련이 있습니다. C 및 C++의 많은 메모리 조작 함수는 범위 검사를 수행하지 않으며 자신이 동작을 수행하는 버퍼의 할당 범위를 쉽게 침범합니다. strncpy()와 같은 범위 지정 함수도 잘못 사용되면 취약점을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 대부분의 buffer overflow의 원인은 메모리 조작과 데이터의 크기 또는 구성에 대한 가정 위반이 결합된 것입니다.

이 경우 부적절하게 생성된 format string으로 인해 프로그램이 할당된 메모리 경계를 넘어서 쓸 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 c에 할당된 공간보다 double 유형에 더 많은 공간이 필요하므로 c 오버플로를 일으킵니다.


void formatString(double d) {
char c;

scanf("%d", &c)
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 134, CWE ID 787
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [12] CWE ID 787
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [2] CWE ID 787
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [1] CWE ID 787
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [1] CWE ID 787
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [1] CWE ID 787
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [2] CWE ID 787, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002824
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3, Rule 21.17
[15] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.4.2 Memory/String/Unmanaged Code Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 134
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Buffer Overflow (WASC-07)
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Buffer Overflow
desc.internal.cpp.buffer_overflow_format_string
Abstract
프로그램은 %f 또는 %F 부동 소수점 지정자를 포함하는 부적절한 경계 format string을 사용합니다. 예상치 않은 큰 부동 소수점 값은 프로그램이 할당된 메모리 블록 경계 외부에 데이터를 쓸 수 있게 하여 데이터가 손상되거나, 프로그램이 중단되거나 악성코드가 실행될 수 있습니다.
Explanation
Buffer overflow는 가장 널리 알려진 형태의 소프트웨어 보안 취약점입니다. 대부분의 소프트웨어 개발자가 buffer overflow의 취약점이 무엇인지 알고 있지만 이전 응용 프로그램 및 새로 개발된 응용 프로그램 모두에 대한 buffer overflow 공격은 여전히 빈번하게 발생합니다. 문제의 일부는 Buffer overflow가 발생하는 다양한 방식 때문이고 일부는 이 취약점을 예방하는 데 사용하는, 오류가 발생하기 쉬운 기법 때문입니다.

전형적인 Buffer overflow 익스플로이트에서 공격자는 프로그램에 데이터를 보내고 프로그램은 크기가 작은 스택 버퍼에 데이터를 저장합니다. 그 결과, 함수의 반환 포인터를 비롯한 호출 스택에 있는 정보를 덮어씁니다. 데이터는 함수가 값을 반환할 때 공격자의 데이터에 들어 있는 악성 코드에 제어를 전달하도록 반환 포인터 값을 설정합니다.

이런 유형의 스택 buffer overflow가 일부 플랫폼 및 일부 개발 커뮤니티에서는 여전히 빈번하지만 대표적으로 힙 buffer overflow 및 off-by-one 오류를 포함하여 다른 유형의 buffer overflow 도 많이 있습니다. Building Secure Software[1], Writing Secure Code[2] 및 The Shellcoder's Handbook[3]을 비롯하여 buffer overflow 공격의 동작 원리를 자세하게 기술한 훌륭한 책들이 많이 있습니다.

코드 수준에서 buffer overflow의 취약점은 일반적으로 프로그래머의 가정 위반과 관련이 있습니다. C 및 C++의 많은 메모리 조작 함수는 범위 검사를 수행하지 않으며 자신이 동작을 수행하는 버퍼의 할당 범위를 쉽게 침범합니다. strncpy()와 같은 범위 지정 함수도 잘못 사용되면 취약점을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 대부분의 buffer overflow의 원인은 메모리 조작과 데이터의 크기 또는 구성에 대한 가정 위반이 결합된 것입니다.

이 경우 부적절하게 생성된 format string으로 인해 프로그램이 할당된 메모리 경계를 넘어서 쓸 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 f 크기에 따라 형식 문자열 지정자 "%d %.1f ... "가 할당된 메모리의 양을 초과할 수 있으므로 buf 오버플로를 일으킵니다.


void formatString(int x, float f) {
char buf[40];
sprintf(buf, "%d %.1f ... ", x, f);
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 787
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [12] CWE ID 787
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [2] CWE ID 787
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [1] CWE ID 787
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [1] CWE ID 787
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [1] CWE ID 787
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [2] CWE ID 787, [12] CWE ID 020, [20] CWE ID 119
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002824
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3, Rule 21.17
[15] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.2 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 134
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I, APP3590.1 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Buffer Overflow (WASC-07)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Buffer Overflow
desc.internal.cpp.buffer_overflow_format_string_%f_%F