界: Environment

本节包括的所有内容均与源代码无关，但对所创建产品的安全性仍然至关重要。因为本节涉及的问题与源代码没有直接关系，所以我们将它与其他章节分开。

Certificate Management: Certificate in Configuration File

Abstract
将明文证书存储在配置或清单文件中可能会导致该证书泄露。
Explanation
将明文证书存储在配置或清单文件中使得任何可以读取该文件的人都能够访问受证书保护的资源。开发人员有时认为他们无法保护应用程序免受有权访问配置的人的侵害，但这种态度使应用程序更容易受到攻击者的攻击。规范的证书管理准则要求绝不能采用明文形式存储证书。
References
[1] Side-by-side Assemblies Reference: Manifest File Reference: Application Manifests
[2] Side-by-side Assemblies Reference: Manifest File Reference: Manifest file schema
[3] Package manifest schema reference: Certificate
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 13, CWE ID 260, CWE ID 555
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001199
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.configuration.dotnet.environment_cert_in_config