GCP Terraform Misconfiguration: Improper Compute Engine Access Control

Abstract

Terraform 配置授予服务帐户对大多数 Google Cloud API 的完全访问权限。

Explanation

Terraform 配置将服务帐户的访问范围设置为 cloud-platform，允许访问大多数 Google Cloud API。这极大扩展了受损 Compute Engine 实例的攻击面，且违反了最小特权原则。

示例 1：以下示例显示的 Terraform 配置将服务帐户的访问范围 (scopes) 设置为 cloud-platform。


resource "google_compute_instance" "compute-instance-demo" {
    name         = "name-demo"
    machine_type = "e2-micro"
    ...
    service_account {
        email  = "foobar.service.account@example.com"
        scopes = ["cloud-platform"]
    }
}

References

[1] Dylan Ayrey & Allison Donovan Compromise any GCP Org Via Cloud API Lateral Movement and Privilege Escalation

[2] Google Cloud Best practices for securing service accounts

[3] HashiCorp google_compute_instance

[4] Google Cloud Service accounts

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark Recommendation 4.2

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 250

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [15] CWE ID 269

[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000381, CCI-002233, CCI-002235

[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC

[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-7 Least Functionality (P1)

[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-7 Least Functionality

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.4 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3)

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 7.1.2

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 7.2.2

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 7.2.2

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls

[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II

[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II

[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II

[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II

[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II

desc.structural.hcl.gcp_terraform_misconfiguration_improper_compute_engine_access_control