界: Security Features

软件安全不是安全软件。此处我们关注的主题包括身份验证、Access Control、机密性、加密和权限管理。

Key Management: Unencrypted Private Key

Python
Ruby

Abstract

密码加密或签名私钥不应该存储在明文中。

Explanation

用于加密或签名的私钥应视作敏感数据，而且应该在存储前使用安全性较强的密码进行加密。这样可防止攻击者在发生盗窃或数据泄露时进行未经授权的访问，也可以防止没有足够权限的用户进行未经授权的访问。

例 1：以下代码可使用未加密的 PEM 格式导出 RSA 私钥：


from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

key = RSA.generate(2048)
f = open('mykey.pem','w')
f.write(key.exportKey(format='PEM'))
f.close()

References

[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311

[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000201, CCI-002450

[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA

[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection

[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management (P1), SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)

[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-12 Cryptographic Key Establishment and Management, SC-13 Cryptographic Protection

[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)

[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography

[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage

[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures

[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design

[26] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259

[27] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311

[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311

[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I

[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I

[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I

[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I

[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001820 CAT I, APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-003100 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)

desc.structural.python.key_management_unencrypted_private_key

Abstract

密码加密或签名私钥不应该存储在明文中。

Explanation


require 'openssl'

key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new 2048
File.open('mykey.pem', 'w') do |file|
  file.write(key.to_pem)
end