界: Input Validation and Representation

输入验证与表示问题是由元字符、交替编码和数字表示引起的。安全问题源于信任输入。这些问题包括：“Buffer Overflows”、“Cross-Site Scripting”攻击、“SQL Injection”等其他问题。

LDAP Manipulation

Abstract

执行一个 LDAP 指令，该指令包含了由用户控制的数值字符串，且使用滤字符串以外的字符，这可能会使攻击者改变指令的含义或执行非法 LDAP 命令。

Explanation

LDAP manipulation 错误在以下情况中出现：

1. 数据从一个不可信赖的数据源进入程序。

2. 数据在一个动态 LDAP 指令的滤字符串之外使用。
示例 1：下面的代码会从一个通过 HTTP 请求提交的隐藏字段中读取 ou 字符串，并使用该字符串创建一个新的 DirectoryEntry。


...
de = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://ad.example.com:389/ou="
                        + hiddenOU.Text + ",dc=example,dc=com");
...

由于连接字符串包含用户输入且在匿名捆绑下执行，因此攻击者可能会通过指定一个意外的 ou 值来篡改查询结果。问题在于开发人员没能充分利用适当的访问控制机制来限制随后的查询，使其只能读取那些允许当前用户读取的雇员记录。

References

[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 90

[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754

[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI

[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3

[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14, Rule 1.3

[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1

[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3

[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation

[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.7 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection

[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation

[27] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116

[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I

[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I

[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I

[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I

[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I

[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[50] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Abuse of Functionality (WASC-42)

desc.dataflow.dotnet.ldap_manipulation

Abstract

执行一个 LDAP 指令，该指令包含了由用户控制的数值字符串，且使用滤字符串以外的字符，这可能会使攻击者改变指令的含义或执行非法 LDAP 命令。

Explanation

LDAP manipulation 错误在以下情况中出现：

1. 数据从一个不可信赖的数据源进入程序。

2. 数据在一个动态 LDAP 指令的滤字符串之外使用。
例 1：以下代码从套接字中读取 dn 字符串，然后使用该字符串来执行 LDAP 查询。


...
rc = ldap_simple_bind_s( ld, NULL, NULL );
  if ( rc != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
    ...
  }
...

fgets(dn, sizeof(dn), socket);

if ( ( rc = ldap_search_ext_s( ld, dn, LDAP_SCOPE_BASE,
                               filter, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, LDAP_NO_LIMIT,
                               LDAP_NO_LIMIT, &result ) ) != LDAP_SUCCESS ) {
...

由于基 DN 来源于用户输入，且在匿名绑定的情况下执行查询，因此攻击者可能会通过指定一个意外的 dn 字符串来篡改查询结果。问题在于开发人员没能充分利用适当的访问控制机制来限制随后的查询，使其只能读取那些允许当前用户读取的雇员记录。