界: Encapsulation

封装即绘制强边界。在 Web 浏览器中,这可能意味着确保您的移动代码不会被其他移动代码滥用。在服务器上,这可能意味着区分已验证数据和未验证数据、区分一个用户的数据和另一个用户的数据,或者区分允许用户查看的数据和不允许用户查看的数据。

Unsafe Mobile Code: Inner Class

Abstract
该程序违反了移动代码的安全编码原则,它使用了一个 inner class。
Explanation
Inner class 转换为 Java 字节码所采用的方式,导致它会悄然引入一些安全问题。在 Java 源代码中,inner class 只能由封装类来声明它是可以访问的,但是 Java 字节码中并没有 inner class 的概念,因此,编译器必须把一个内部类声明转换成与 package 有同等级别的类(有权访问源外部类)。由于内部类可以访问其封装类中的 private 字段,一旦某个 inner class 成为字节码中的同等类,该编译器便会把 inner class 访问的 private 字段转换成 protected 字段,这一点具有潜在的危险性。

例 1:以下 Java Applet 代码错误地使用了 inner class。


public final class urlTool extends Applet {
private final class urlHelper {
...
}
...
}


移动代码,在本例中也就是 Java Applet,通过网络进行传递并在远程机器上运行。因为移动代码的编写者很难控制其所编写代码的运行环境,所以在安全上提出特别的要求理所当然。一个最大的环境威胁在于,移动代码可以伴随其他潜在的恶意移动代码一起运行。因为所有的主流 web 浏览器会在同一 JVM 中执行来自多个来源的代码,所以,许多移动代码的安全指导原则都很关注可以访问到运行着您程序的同一虚拟机的攻击者,避免他们操纵您的对象的状态和行为。
References
[1] G. McGraw Securing Java. Chapter 7: Java Security Guidelines
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 492
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[6] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[7] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[8] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
desc.structural.java.unsafe_mobile_code_inner_class