153 个项目已找到
弱点
Abstract
允许用户输入以直接更改文件权限可能导致攻击者能够访问以其他方式保护的系统资源。
Explanation
当满足以下任一条件时,就会发生 File Permission Manipulation 错误:

1.攻击者可能会指定操作中所用的路径,以修改文件系统上的权限。

2.攻击者可能会指定文件系统上的操作所分配的权限。

示例 1:以下代码使用系统环境变量中的输入设置文件权限。如果攻击者可更改系统环境变量,则他们可能会使用该程序获得程序所处理文件的访问权限。如果程序依然易受 Path Manipulation 的攻击,那么攻击者可能会利用这一漏洞来访问系统中的任意文件。


permissions := strconv.Atoi(os.Getenv("filePermissions"));
fMode := os.FileMode(permissions)
os.chmod(filePath, fMode);
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.golang.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
允许用户输入以直接更改文件权限可能导致攻击者能够访问以其他方式保护的系统资源。
Explanation
当满足以下任一条件时,就会产生 file permission manipulation 错误:

1. 攻击者能够指定在 file system 中修改权限的操作所使用的路径。

2. 攻击者能够指定 file system 上的操作所分配的权限。

示例 1:以下代码使用来自系统属性的输入来设置默认权限掩码。如果攻击者更改了系统属性,则他们可以使用该程序获得该程序所处理文件的访问权限。如果程序还容易受路径篡改攻击,那么攻击者可能会利用这一漏洞访问系统中的任意文件。


String permissionMask = System.getProperty("defaultFileMask");
Path filePath = userFile.toPath();
...
Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = PosixFilePermissions.fromString(permissionMask);
Files.setPosixFilePermissions(filePath, perms);
...
References
[1] FIO01-J. Create files with appropriate access permissions CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
允许用户输入以直接更改文件权限可能导致攻击者能够访问以其他方式保护的系统资源。
Explanation
当满足以下任一条件时,就会产生 file permission manipulation 错误:

1. 攻击者能够指定在 file system 中修改权限的操作所使用的路径。

2. 攻击者能够指定 file system 上的操作所分配的权限。

示例:以下代码旨在为用户设置适当的文件权限以通过 FTP 上载网页。它使用来自 HTTP 请求的输入将文件标记为外部用户可查看的文件。


$rName = $_GET['publicReport'];
chmod("/home/". authenticateUser . "/public_html/" . rName,"0755");
...


但是,如果攻击者为 publicReport 提供恶意值(例如,../../localuser/public_html/.htpasswd),那么应用程序将允许攻击者读取指定文件。

示例 2:以下代码使用来自配置文件的输入来设置默认权限掩码。如果攻击者可以篡改配置文件,则他们可以使用该程序获得该程序所处理文件的访问权限。如果程序还容易受路径篡改攻击,那么攻击者可能会利用这一漏洞访问系统中的任意文件。


...
$mask = $CONFIG_TXT['perms'];
chmod($filename,$mask);
...
References
[1] G. Hoglund, G. McGraw Exploiting Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.php.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
允许用户输入以直接更改文件权限可能导致攻击者能够访问以其他方式保护的系统资源。
Explanation
当满足以下任一条件时,就会产生 File Permission Manipulation 错误:

1. 攻击者能够指定在文件系统上修改权限的操作所使用的路径。

2. 攻击者能够指定文件系统上的操作所分配的权限。

示例 1: 以下代码使用系统环境变量中的输入设置文件权限。 如果攻击者可更改系统环境变量,则他们可能使用该程序获得程序所处理文件的访问权限。 如果程序还容易受 Path Manipulation 攻击,那么攻击者可能会利用这一漏洞访问系统中的任意文件。


permissions = os.getenv("filePermissions");
os.chmod(filePath, permissions);
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.python.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
允许用户输入以直接更改文件权限可能导致攻击者能够访问以其他方式保护的系统资源。
Explanation
当满足以下任一条件时,就会产生 file permission manipulation 错误:

1. 攻击者能够指定在 file system 中修改权限的操作所使用的路径。

2. 攻击者能够指定 file system 上的操作所分配的权限。

示例:以下代码旨在为用户设置适当的文件权限以通过 FTP 上载网页。它使用来自 HTTP 请求的输入将文件标记为外部用户可查看的文件。


...
rName = req['publicReport']
File.chmod("/home/#{authenticatedUser}/public_html/#{rName}", "0755")
...


但是,如果攻击者为 publicReport 提供恶意值(例如,../../localuser/public_html/.htpasswd),那么应用程序将允许攻击者读取指定文件。

示例 2:以下代码使用来自配置文件的输入来设置默认权限掩码。如果攻击者可以篡改配置文件,则他们可以使用该程序获得该程序所处理文件的访问权限。如果程序还容易受路径篡改攻击,那么攻击者可能会利用这一漏洞访问系统中的任意文件。


...
mask = config_params['perms']
File.chmod(filename, mask)
...
References
[1] G. Hoglund, G. McGraw Exploiting Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.ruby.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
调试信息可帮助攻击者了解系统并计划攻击形式。
Explanation
如果您使用 Blaze DS 来记录所有意外事件,services-config.xml 描述符文件会指定一个“Logging”XML 元素来描述日志记录的不同方面。它类似于以下内容:

示例:

<logging>
<target class="flex.messaging.log.ConsoleTarget" level="Debug">
<properties>
<prefix>[BlazeDS]</prefix>
<includeDate>false</includeDate>
<includeTime>false</includeTime>
<includeLevel>false</includeLevel>
<includeCategory>false</includeCategory>
</properties>
<filters>
<pattern>Endpoint.*</pattern>
<pattern>Service.*</pattern>
<pattern>Configuration</pattern>
</filters>
</target>
</logging>


target 标签可采用一个名为 level 的可选属性,用来指示日志级别。如果调试级别设置为太详细的级别,您的应用程序可能会将敏感数据写入日志文件。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 11
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001312, CCI-001314, CCI-002420, CCI-003272
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SA-15 Development Process and Standards and Tools (P2), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1), SI-11 Error Handling (P2)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SA-15 Development Process and Standards and Tools, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity, SI-11 Error Handling
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.5
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.5
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.5
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3120 CAT II, APP3620 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3120 CAT II, APP3620 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3120 CAT II, APP3620 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3120 CAT II, APP3620 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3120 CAT II, APP3620 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3120 CAT II, APP3620 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3120 CAT II, APP3620 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002480 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II, APSC-DV-003235 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.config.java.flex_misconfiguration_debug_information
Abstract
允许攻击者控制函数的 format string 会导致 buffer overflow。
Explanation
Format string 漏洞会在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据从不可信赖的数据源进入应用程序。



2. 数据作为 format string 参数传送到某个函数,如 sprintf()FormatMessageW()syslog()
示例 1:以下代码使用 snprintf() 将一个命令行参数复制到缓冲区中。


int main(int argc, char **argv){
char buf[128];
...
snprintf(buf,128,argv[1]);
}


该代码允许攻击者查看堆栈的内容,并使用包含一连串的格式化指令的命令行参数对堆栈进行写入。攻击者能够通过提供更多的格式化指令(如 %x)来读取堆栈中的内容,然后函数会作为即将格式化的参数使用。(在本例中,函数没有采用任何即将格式化的参数。)通过使用 %n 格式化指令,攻击者能够对堆栈进行写入,进而使 snprintf() 记下迄今为止输出的字节数,并将其传送给指定的参数(而不是直接从参数中读取数值,这是程序员最初设计的行为)。对于这种攻击,更为的复杂的形式是使用四条交错的写入来完全控制堆栈中某个指针的值。

示例 2:有些实现方式通过提供格式化指令来控制内存中的读写位置,这样可以简化较高级的攻击。以下代码就是这种指令的一个例子,它为 glibc 而写:


printf("%d %d %1$d %1$d\n", 5, 9);


该代码产生了如下输出:


5 9 5 5


此外,还可以使用 half-writes (%hn) 来准确地控制内存中的任意 DWORDS,这会大大地降低执行攻击的难度,否则此攻击将需要进行四次交错写入,如Example 1 中所述。

示例 3:简单的 format string 漏洞通常由表面上看似没有什么危险的快捷方式所导致。某些快捷方式的使用已经深入人心,以致于程序员可能都不会意识到他们所使用的函数需要一个 format string 参数。

例如,syslog() 函数有时候可以这样使用:


...
syslog(LOG_ERR, cmdBuf);
...


由于 syslog() 的第二个参数是格式字符串,因此 cmdBuf 中的任何格式化指令都会按照Example 1 中所述进行解释。

以下代码显示了 syslog() 的正确使用方式:


...
syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s", cmdBuf);
...
References
[1] T. Newsham Format String Attacks Guardent, Inc.
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 134
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754, CCI-002824
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.4.2 Memory/String/Unmanaged Code Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 134
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Format String (WASC-06)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Format String Attack
desc.dataflow.cpp.format_string
Abstract
攻击者可以控制 format string,发起类似于缓冲区溢出的攻击。
Explanation
Format string 漏洞会在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据从不可信赖的数据源进入应用程序。



2. 数据作为 format string 参数传送到某个函数,如 sprintf()FormatMessageW()syslog()NSLogNSString.stringWithFormat示例 1:下面的代码将命令行参数作为 NSString.stringWithFormat: 中的 format string。


int main(int argc, char **argv){
char buf[128];
...
[NSString stringWithFormat:argv[1], argv[2] ];
}


该代码允许攻击者查看堆栈的内容,并使用包含一连串的格式化指令的命令行参数损坏堆栈。攻击者能够通过提供更多的格式化指令(如 %x)来读取堆栈中的内容,然后函数会作为即将格式化的参数使用。(在本例中,函数没有采用任何即将格式化的参数。)

Objective-C 支持旧版 C 语言的标准库,因此如果您的应用程序使用 C API,则可以使用以下示例。

示例 2:有些实现方式通过提供格式化指令来控制内存中的读写位置,这样可以简化较高级的攻击。以下代码就是这种指令的一个例子,它为 glibc 而写:


printf("%d %d %1$d %1$d\n", 5, 9);


该代码产生了如下输出:


5 9 5 5


此外,还可以使用 half-writes (%hn) 来准确地控制内存中的任意 DWORDS,这会大大地降低执行攻击的难度,否则此攻击将需要进行四次交错写入,如Example 1 中所述。

示例 3:简单的 format string 漏洞通常由表面上看似没有什么危险的快捷方式所导致。某些快捷方式的使用已经深入人心,以致于程序员可能都不会意识到他们所使用的函数需要一个 format string 参数。

例如,syslog() 函数有时候可以这样使用:


...
syslog(LOG_ERR, cmdBuf);
...


由于 syslog() 的第二个参数是格式字符串,因此 cmdBuf 中的任何格式化指令都会按照Example 1 中所述进行解释。

以下代码显示了 syslog() 的正确使用方式:


...
syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s", cmdBuf);
...
示例 4:Apple 核心类提供了利用 format string 漏洞的有趣途径。

例如,String.stringByAppendingFormat() 函数有时候可以这样使用:


...
NSString test = @"Sample Text.";
test = [test stringByAppendingFormat:[MyClass
formatInput:inputControl.text]];
...


stringByAppendingFormat 会解析传递给它的 NSString 中包含的任意 format string 字符。

以下代码显示了 stringByAppendingFormat() 的正确使用方式:


...
NSString test = @"Sample Text.";
test = [test stringByAppendingFormat:@"%@", [MyClass
formatInput:inputControl.text]];
...
References
[1] T. Newsham Format String Attacks Guardent, Inc.
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 134
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754, CCI-002824
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[13] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1), SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation, SI-16 Memory Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.4.2 Memory/String/Unmanaged Code Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 134
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I, APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Format String (WASC-06)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Format String Attack
desc.dataflow.objc.format_string
Abstract
该程序使用了一个结构不良的 format string,其中包含的转换说明符的数量与函数具有的参数数量不一致。不正确的 format string 会导致该程序从分配的内存边界之外读取数据,这可以让攻击者访问敏感信息、引入错误行为,或造成程序崩溃。
Explanation
Buffer overflow 可能是人们最熟悉的一种软件安全漏洞。虽然绝大多数软件开发者都知道什么是 Buffer overflow 漏洞,但是无论是对继承下来的或是新开发的应用程序来说,Buffer overflow 攻击仍然是一种最常见的攻击形式。对于这个问题出现的原因,一方面是造成 buffer overflow 漏洞的方式有很多种,另一方面是用于防止 buffer overflow 的技术也容易出错。

在一个典型的 buffer overflow 攻击中,攻击者将数据传送到某个程序,程序会将这些数据储存到一个较小的堆栈缓冲区内。结果,调用堆栈上的信息会被覆盖,其中包括函数的返回指针。数据会被用来设置返回指针的值,这样,当该函数返回时,函数的控制权便会转移给包含在攻击者数据中的恶意代码。

虽然这种类型的堆栈 buffer overflow 在某些平台和开发组织中十分常见,但仍不乏存在其他各种类型的 buffer overflow,其中包括堆 buffer overflow 和 off-by-one 错误等。有关 buffer overflow 如何进行攻击的详细信息,许多优秀的著作都进行了相关介绍,如 Building Secure Software [1]、Writing Secure Code [2] 以及 The Shellcoder's Handbook [3]。

在代码层上,buffer overflow 漏洞通常会违反程序员的各种假设。C 和 C++ 中的很多内存处理函数都没有执行边界检查,因而可轻易地超出缓冲区所操作的、已分配的边界。即使是边界函数(如 strncpy()),使用方式不正确也会引发漏洞。对内存的处理加之有关数据段大小和结构方面所存在种种错误假设,是导致大多数 buffer overflow 漏洞产生的根源。

在这种情况下,结构不良的 format string 会导致程序访问分配的内存边界之外的值。

示例:以下代码会从堆栈中读取任意值,因为格式说明符的数量与传递给该函数的参数数量不一致。

void wrongNumberArgs(char *s, float f, int d) {
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "Wrong number of %.512s");
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 126
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [5] CWE ID 125
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [4] CWE ID 125
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [3] CWE ID 125, [17] CWE ID 119
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [5] CWE ID 125, [19] CWE ID 119
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [7] CWE ID 125, [17] CWE ID 119
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002824
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 1.3
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-16 Memory Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Format String (WASC-06)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Format String Attack
desc.internal.cpp.format_string_argument_number_mismatch
Abstract
该程序使用了一个结构不良的 format string,其中包含的转换说明符与传递给该函数的参数类型不一致。不正确的 format string 会导致该程序转换值时出错,还可能会在分配的内存边界之外读写数据,这会引入错误的行为或造成程序崩溃。
Explanation
Buffer overflow 可能是人们最熟悉的一种软件安全漏洞。虽然绝大多数软件开发者都知道什么是 Buffer overflow 漏洞,但是无论是对继承下来的或是新开发的应用程序来说,Buffer overflow 攻击仍然是一种最常见的攻击形式。对于这个问题出现的原因,一方面是造成 buffer overflow 漏洞的方式有很多种,另一方面是用于防止 buffer overflow 的技术也容易出错。

在一个典型的 buffer overflow 攻击中,攻击者将数据传送到某个程序,程序会将这些数据储存到一个较小的堆栈缓冲区内。结果,调用堆栈上的信息会被覆盖,其中包括函数的返回指针。数据会被用来设置返回指针的值,这样,当该函数返回时,函数的控制权便会转移给包含在攻击者数据中的恶意代码。

虽然这种类型的堆栈 buffer overflow 在某些平台和开发组织中十分常见,但仍不乏存在其他各种类型的 buffer overflow,其中包括堆 buffer overflow 和 off-by-one 错误等。有关 buffer overflow 如何进行攻击的详细信息,许多优秀的著作都进行了相关介绍,如 Building Secure Software [1]、Writing Secure Code [2] 以及 The Shellcoder's Handbook [3]。

在代码层上,buffer overflow 漏洞通常会违反程序员的各种假设。C 和 C++ 中的很多内存处理函数都没有执行边界检查,因而可轻易地超出缓冲区所操作的、已分配的边界。即使是边界函数(如 strncpy()),使用方式不正确也会引发漏洞。对内存的处理加之有关数据段大小和结构方面所存在种种错误假设,是导致大多数 buffer overflow 漏洞产生的根源。

在这里,一个不正确地构成的 format string 会导致程序错误地进行值的转换,或访问分配的内存边界之外的值。

示例:以下代码使用 %d 格式说明符将一个浮点转换为 f


void ArgTypeMismatch(float f, int d, char *s, wchar *ws) {
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "Wrong type of %d", f);
...
}
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[3] J. Koziol et al. The Shellcoder's Handbook: Discovering and Exploiting Security Holes John Wiley & Sons
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 125, CWE ID 787
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [5] CWE ID 125, [12] CWE ID 787
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [4] CWE ID 125, [2] CWE ID 787
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [1] CWE ID 787, [3] CWE ID 125, [17] CWE ID 119
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [1] CWE ID 787, [5] CWE ID 125, [19] CWE ID 119
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [1] CWE ID 787, [7] CWE ID 125, [17] CWE ID 119
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002824
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[16] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2012 Rule 10.3
[17] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 5-0-3
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-16 Memory Protection (P1)
[19] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-16 Memory Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A5 Buffer Overflow
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.5
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.2
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 119
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002590 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Format String (WASC-06)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Format String Attack
desc.internal.cpp.format_string_argument_type_mismatch
Abstract
如果网页包含其他网域的脚本,则意味着此网页的安全取决于其他域的安全。
Explanation
包含来自其他网站的可执行内容是非常危险的。这就会将您站点的安全与其他站点的安全绑在一起。

示例:请考虑以下 script 标签。

<script src="http://www.example.com/js/fancyWidget.js"></script>


如果此标签出现在 www.example.com 以外的网站中,则该站点将依赖 www.example.com 来运行正确的非恶意代码。如果攻击者可以入侵 www.example.com,则他们可以篡改 fancyWidget.js 的内容,损害站点安全。例如,他们可以将代码添加到 fancyWidget.js 中,窃取用户的机密数据。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 494, CWE ID 829
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001167
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-18 Mobile Code (P2)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-18 Mobile Code
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M7 Insufficient Binary Protections
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[15] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Process Validation (WASC-40)
[31] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Process Validation
desc.content.html.hardcoded_domain
Abstract
如果在 URL 中加入未验证的输入,可能会让攻击者重写请求参数的值。攻击者可能会重写现有的参数值、注入新的参数或利用直接得到的变量。
Explanation
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) 攻击包含将编码的查询字符串分隔符注入其他现有的参数中。如果 Web 应用程序没有正确地检查用户输入,恶意用户可能会破坏应用程序的逻辑,进行客户端侧或服务器侧攻击。如果再向 Web 应用程序提交参数,并且如果这些参数与现有参数的名称相同,则 Web 应用程序可能会有下列一种反应:

它可能只从第一个参数中提取数据
它可能从最后一个参数中提取数据
它可能从所有参数中提取数据并把它们连接起来


例如:
- ASP.NET/IIS 使用所有情况下出现的参数
- Apache Tomcat 仅使用第一次出现的参数并忽略其他参数
- mod_perl/Apache 将值转换为值数组

示例 1:根据应用程序服务器和应用程序自身的逻辑,下列请求可能造成与身份验证系统的混淆,使攻击者能模拟别的用户。
http://www.server.com/login.aspx?name=alice&name=hacker

示例 2:下列代码使用来自于 HTTP 请求的输入来呈现两个超链接。

...
String lang = Request.Form["lang"];
WebClient client = new WebClient();
client.BaseAddress = url;
NameValueCollection myQueryStringCollection = new NameValueCollection();
myQueryStringCollection.Add("q", lang);
client.QueryString = myQueryStringCollection;
Stream data = client.OpenRead(url);
...


URL: http://www.host.com/election.aspx?poll_id=4567
链接 1:<a href="http://www.host.com/vote.aspx?poll_id=4567&lang=en">英语<a>
链接 2:<a href="http://www.host.com/vote.aspx?poll_id=4567&lang=es">西班牙语<a>

程序员尚未考虑下面这种可能性:攻击者可能会提供一个 lang(例如 en&poll_id=1),然后攻击者可以随意更改该 poll_id
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.dotnet.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
如果在 URL 中加入未验证的输入,可能会让攻击者重写请求参数的值。攻击者可能会重写现有的参数值、注入新的参数或利用直接得到的变量。
Explanation
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) 攻击包含将编码的查询字符串分隔符注入其他现有的参数中。如果 Web 应用程序没有正确地检查用户输入,恶意用户可能会破坏应用程序的逻辑,进行客户端侧或服务器侧攻击。如果再向 Web 应用程序提交参数,并且如果这些参数与现有参数的名称相同,则 Web 应用程序可能会有下列一种反应:

它可能只从第一个参数中提取数据
它可能从最后一个参数中提取数据
它可能从所有参数中提取数据并把它们连接起来


例如:
- ASP.NET/IIS 使用所有情况下出现的参数
- Apache Tomcat 仅使用第一次出现的参数并忽略其他参数
- mod_perl/Apache 将值转换为值数组

例 1:根据应用程序服务器和应用程序自身的逻辑,下列请求可能造成与身份验证系统的混淆,使攻击者能模拟别的用户。
http://www.example.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

例 2:下列代码使用来自于 HTTP 请求的输入来呈现两个超链接。

...
String lang = request.getParameter("lang");
GetMethod get = new GetMethod("http://www.example.com");
get.setQueryString("lang=" + lang + "&poll_id=" + poll_id);
get.execute();
...


URL:http://www.example.com?poll_id=4567
链接 1:<a href="001">英语<a>
链接 2:<a href="002">西班牙语<a>

程序员尚未考虑下面这种可能性:攻击者可能会提供一个 lang(例如 en&poll_id=1),然后攻击者将可以随意更改该 poll_id
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
如果在 URL 中加入未验证的输入,可能会让攻击者重写请求参数的值。攻击者可能会重写现有的参数值、注入新的参数或利用直接得到的变量。
Explanation
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) 攻击包含将编码的查询字符串分隔符注入其他现有的参数中。如果 Web 应用程序没有正确地检查用户输入,恶意用户可能会破坏应用程序的逻辑,进行客户端侧或服务器侧攻击。如果再向 Web 应用程序提交参数,并且如果这些参数与现有参数的名称相同,则 Web 应用程序可能会有下列一种反应:

它可能只从第一个参数中提取数据
它可能从最后一个参数中提取数据
它可能从所有参数中提取数据并把它们连接起来


例如:
- ASP.NET/IIS 使用所有情况下出现的参数
- Apache Tomcat 仅使用第一次出现的参数并忽略其他参数
- mod_perl/Apache 将值转换为值数组

例 1:根据应用程序服务器和应用程序自身的逻辑,下列请求可能造成与身份验证系统的混淆,使攻击者能模拟别的用户。
http://www.server.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

例 2:下列代码使用来自于 HTTP 请求的输入来呈现两个超链接。


<%
...
$id = $_GET["id"];
header("Location: http://www.host.com/election.php?poll_id=" . $id);
...
%>


URL: http://www.host.com/election.php?poll_id=4567
链接 1: <a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=white">White 先生的投票<a>
链接 2: <a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green">Green 女士的投票<a>

程序员没有考虑到攻击者可能提供 poll_id(例如“4567&candidate=green”)的可能性,届时得到的页面中将包含以下注入链接,因此,Green 女士将始终投票选择捡出第一个参数的应用程序服务器。
<a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green&candidate=white">White 先生的投票<a>
<a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green&candidate=green">Green 女士的投票<a>
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.php.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
如果在 URL 中加入未验证的输入,可能会让攻击者重写请求参数的值。攻击者可能会重写现有的参数值、注入新的参数或利用直接得到的变量。
Explanation
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) 攻击包含将编码的查询字符串分隔符注入其他现有的参数中。如果 Web 应用程序没有正确地检查用户输入,恶意用户可能会破坏应用程序的逻辑,进行客户端侧或服务器侧攻击。如果再向 Web 应用程序提交参数,并且如果这些参数与现有参数的名称相同,则 Web 应用程序可能会有下列一种反应:

它可能只从第一个参数中提取数据。
它可能从最后一个参数中提取数据。
它可能从所有参数中提取数据并把它们连接起来。


例如:
- ASP.NET/IIS 使用所有情况下出现的参数
- Apache Tomcat 仅使用第一次出现的参数并忽略其他参数
- mod_perl/Apache 将值转换为值数组

例 1:根据应用程序服务器和应用程序自身的逻辑,下列请求可能造成与身份验证系统的混淆,使攻击者能模拟别的用户。
http://www.server.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

因为这表明,攻击者已经指定了 name=alice,但他们添加了额外的 name=alice&,如果在提取第一个匹配项的服务器上使用它,那么它可能会模仿 alice 以便获取有关她的帐户的详细信息。
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.ruby.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
该应用程序允许安装第三方键盘扩展。
Explanation
键盘扩展可以读取用户输入的每一个按键。第三方键盘通常用于简化文本输入或添加额外的表情符号,他们可以记录用户输入的内容,甚至将其发送到远程服务器进行处理。恶意键盘还可以作为键盘记录器来分发,以读取用户输入的每一个键,从而窃取凭据或信用卡号等敏感数据。
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] UIApplicationDelegate Apple
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 522, CWE ID 829
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-3
desc.structural.objc.input_interception_keyboard_extensions_allowed
Abstract
该应用程序允许安装第三方键盘扩展。
Explanation
键盘扩展可以读取用户输入的每一个按键。第三方键盘通常用于简化文本输入或添加额外的表情符号,他们可以记录用户输入的内容,甚至将其发送到远程服务器进行处理。恶意键盘还可以作为键盘记录器来分发,以读取用户输入的每一个键,从而窃取凭据或信用卡号等敏感数据。
References
[1] UIApplicationDelegate Apple
[2] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 522, CWE ID 829
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-3
desc.structural.swift.input_interception_keyboard_extensions_allowed
Abstract
程序使用 Android 备份服务将永久性应用程序数据保存到远程云存储。
Explanation
Android 备份服务允许应用程序将持久性数据保存到远程云存储,以便日后作为应用程序数据还原点。

Android 应用程序可通过此备份服务进行配置,即将 allowBackup 属性设置为 true(默认值),并在 <application> 标签上定义 backupAgent 属性。

但是,Android 不保证使用备份期间的数据安全性,因为云存储和传输因设备而异。
References
[1] JavaDoc for Android Android
[2] Android Developers API Guide: Data Backup Android
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 312, CWE ID 359, CWE ID 921
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.config.java.insecure_storage_android_backup_storage
Abstract
程序将数据写入 Android 设备的外部存储。
Explanation
保存到外部存储上的文件可随意读取,并且能够被启用 USB 海量存储来传输计算机上的文件的用户修改。另外,即便卸载了将文件写入外部存储卡的应用程序,这些文件也不会被删除。这些缺陷会危及写入存储的敏感信息,或者使攻击者能够通过修改程序所依赖的外部文件将恶意数据注入程序。

示例 1:在以下代码中,Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() 会返回对 Android 设备的外部存储的引用。

 private void WriteToFile(String what_to_write) {
try{
File root = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
if(root.canWrite()) {
File dir = new File(root + "write_to_the_SDcard");
File datafile = new File(dir, number + ".extension");
FileWriter datawriter = new FileWriter(datafile);
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(datawriter);
out.write(what_to_write);
out.close();
}
}
}
References
[1] Data Storage
[2] Paul McNamara Latest 'lost' laptop holds treasure-trove of unencrypted ATT payroll data Network World
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 276, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 359, CWE ID 921
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [19] CWE ID 276, [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [20] CWE ID 276
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [25] CWE ID 276
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[15] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.semantic.java.insecure_storage_android_external_storage
Abstract
应用程序使数据可供 Android 设备上的所有应用程序访问。
Explanation
使用 MODE_WORLD_READBLE 或 MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE 存储在 Android 内部存储中的数据可供设备上的所有应用程序访问。这不仅无法防止数据损坏,而且如果是敏感信息的话,可能违反用户隐私和安全事宜。
References
[1] Designing for Security Android
[2] S. Fahl, M. Harbach, T. Muders, M. Smith, L. Baumgartner, B. Friesleben Why Eve and Mallory Love Android:An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security
[3] OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide OWASP
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 276, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 359, CWE ID 921
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [19] CWE ID 276, [20] CWE ID 200
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [20] CWE ID 276
[14] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [25] CWE ID 276
[15] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.java.insecure_storage_android_world_readable_or_writeable
Abstract
该方法存储数据所采用的密钥链的可访问性级别允许将项目备份到 iCloud 和未加密的 iTunes 备份中。
Explanation
将数据存储到密钥链中时,需要设置可访问性级别以定义可在何时访问项目。可用的可访问性级别如下所示:

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:
只能在设备解除锁定时访问密钥链中的数据。仅在设备上设置了密码时可用。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。将备份恢复到新设备后,这些项目将丢失。不能在没有密码的设备上的此类中存储任何项目。禁用设备密码将会删除此类中的所有项目。
在 iOS 8.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
这是在没有明确设置可访问性常量的情况下添加密钥链项目时的默认值。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

如果项目的可访问性级别中不包含 ThisDeviceOnly,那么该项目将备份到 iCloud,并且即便在使用可恢复到任意设备的未加密备份的情况下仍然会备份到 iTunes。这可能会导致隐私问题,具体取决于所存储数据的敏感和私密程度。

示例 1:在以下示例中,除了设备处于打开或解除锁定状态时,密钥链项目始终受保护,但将会备份到 iCloud 和未加密的 iTunes 备份中:


...
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSData *token = [@"secret" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

// Configure KeyChain Item
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassGenericPassword forKey:(__bridge id) kSecClass];
[dict setObject:token forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
...
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked forKey:(__bridge id) kSecAttrAccessible];

OSStatus error = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)dict, NULL);
...
References
[1] Keychain Services Apple
[2] Keychain Item Accessibility Constants Apple
[3] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 312, CWE ID 359
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.objc.insecure_storage_externally_available_keychain
Abstract
该方法存储数据所采用的密钥链的可访问性级别允许将项目备份到 iCloud 和未加密的 iTunes 备份中。
Explanation
将数据存储到密钥链中时,需要设置可访问性级别以定义可在何时访问项目。可用的可访问性级别如下所示:

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:
只能在设备解除锁定时访问密钥链中的数据。仅在设备上设置了密码时可用。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。将备份恢复到新设备后,这些项目将丢失。不能在没有密码的设备上的此类中存储任何项目。禁用设备密码将会删除此类中的所有项目。
在 iOS 8.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
这是在没有明确设置可访问性常量的情况下添加密钥链项目时的默认值。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

如果项目的可访问性级别中不包含 ThisDeviceOnly,那么该项目将备份到 iCloud,并且即便在使用可恢复到任意设备的未加密备份的情况下仍然会备份到 iTunes。这可能会导致隐私问题,具体取决于所存储数据的敏感和私密程度。

示例 1:在以下示例中,除了设备处于打开或解除锁定状态时,密钥链项目始终受保护,但将会备份到 iCloud 和未加密的 iTunes 备份中:


...
// Configure KeyChain Item
let token = "secret"
var query = [String : AnyObject]()
query[kSecClass as String] = kSecClassGenericPassword
query[kSecValueData as String] = token as AnyObject?
...
query[kSecAttrAccessible as String] = kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked

SecItemAdd(query as CFDictionary, nil)
...
References
[1] Keychain Services Apple
[2] Keychain Item Accessibility Constants Apple
[3] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 312, CWE ID 359
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.swift.insecure_storage_externally_available_keychain
Abstract
所述方法将 HTTP(S) 响应缓存安装在不安全的共享存储中。
Explanation
HTTP(S) 响应中可能包含敏感数据,例如会话 Cookie 和 API 标记。 出于性能方面的考虑,URL 加载系统会对所有 HTTP(S) 响应进行缓存,将它们以未加密的形式存储在不安全的共享存储中。

示例 1: 以下代码将 HTTP(S) 响应缓存安装在共享存储空间:


protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...

try {
File httpCacheDir = new File(context.getExternalCacheDir(), "http");
long httpCacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB
HttpResponseCache.install(httpCacheDir, httpCacheSize);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.i(TAG, "HTTP response cache installation failed:" + e);
}
}

protected void onStop() {
...

HttpResponseCache cache = HttpResponseCache.getInstalled();
if (cache != null) {
cache.flush();
}
}
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.java.insecure_storage_http_response_cache_leak
Abstract
该方法执行了 URL 请求,但未配置 URL 加载系统以阻止对 HTTP(S) 响应进行缓存。
Explanation
HTTP(S) 响应中可能包含敏感数据,例如会话 cookie 和 API 标记。出于性能方面的考虑,URL 加载系统会对所有 HTTP(S) 请求进行缓存,并将它们以未加密的形式保存在 {app ID}/Library/Caches/com.mycompany.myapp/Cache.db* 文件中。
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] URLCache Apple
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.objc.insecure_storage_http_response_cache_leak
Abstract
该方法执行了 URL 请求,但未配置 URL 加载系统以阻止对 HTTP(S) 响应进行缓存。
Explanation
HTTP(S) 响应中可能包含敏感数据,例如会话 cookie 和 API 标记。出于性能方面的考虑,URL 加载系统会对所有 HTTP(S) 请求进行缓存,并将它们以未加密的形式保存在 {app ID}/Library/Caches/com.mycompany.myapp/Cache.db* 文件中。
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] URLCache Apple
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.swift.insecure_storage_http_response_cache_leak
Abstract
该应用程序尝试将磁盘或内存缓存容量设置为 0 以禁用 HTTP(S) 缓存。然而,它并不能保证该设置得到强制执行。
Explanation
HTTP(S) 响应中可能包含敏感数据,例如会话 cookie 和 API 标记。出于性能方面的考虑,URL 加载系统会对所有 HTTP(S) 请求进行缓存,并将它们以未加密的形式保存在 {app ID}/Library/Caches/com.mycompany.myapp/Cache.db* 文件中。
开发者也许认为将 URLCache 类的 diskCapacitymemoryCapacity 属性设置为 0,就能成功禁用 HTTP(S) 响应缓存系统。但是,NSURLCache 文档指出,只有在设备的内存或磁盘空间不足的情况下,才会将磁盘和内存缓存缩减到配置的大小。这两项设置都是系统用来释放其资源以提高性能的,而非用于安全控制。
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] URLCache Apple
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.semantic.objc.insecure_storage_insufficient_cache_leak_protection
Abstract
该应用程序尝试将磁盘或内存缓存容量设置为 0 以禁用 HTTP(S) 缓存。然而,它并不能保证该设置得到强制执行。
Explanation
HTTP(S) 响应中可能包含敏感数据,例如会话 cookie 和 API 标记。出于性能方面的考虑,URL 加载系统会对所有 HTTP(S) 请求进行缓存,并将它们以未加密的形式保存在 {app ID}/Library/Caches/com.mycompany.myapp/Cache.db* 文件中。
开发者也许认为将 URLCache 类的 diskCapacitymemoryCapacity 属性设置为 0,就能成功禁用 HTTP(S) 响应缓存系统。但是,NSURLCache 文档指出,只有在设备的内存或磁盘空间不足的情况下,才会将磁盘和内存缓存缩减到配置的大小。这两项设置都是系统用来释放其资源以提高性能的,而非用于安全控制。
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] URLCache Apple
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.semantic.swift.insecure_storage_insufficient_cache_leak_protection
Abstract
该方法使用不完善的加密设置将数据写入文件。
Explanation
数据保护 API 旨在让应用程序能够声明,何时应可访问文件系统中存储的密钥链和文件中的项目。它可用于大部分文件和数据库 API,包括 NSFileManager、CoreData、NSData 和 SQLite。通过为给定资源指定四个保护级别的其中之一,开发人员可以指令底层文件系统使用从设备 UID 和用户密码中派生的密钥或完全基于设备 UID 的密钥,对该给定资源进行加密(以及何时进行自动解密)。

NSFileManager 的数据保护类会定义为常量,以便在与 NSFileManager 实例相关联的 NSDictionary 中指定为 NSFileProtectionKey 键的值,并可通过使用 NSFileManager 函数(包括 setAttributes:ofItemAtPath:error:attributesOfItemAtPath:error:createFileAtPath:contents:attributes:)创建文件或修改其数据保护类。此外,NSData 对象的相应数据保护常量会定义为 NSDataWritingOptions,并可将其作为 options 参数传递到 NSData 函数 writeToURL:options:error:writeToFile:options:error:NSFileManagerNSData 的各种数据保护类常量定义如下:

-NSFileProtectionComplete, NSDataWritingFileProtectionComplete:
当设备被锁定或正在引导时,资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上,且无法读取或写入。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen, NSDataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen:
资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上。当设备被锁定时可以创建资源,但一旦关闭设备,则在设备解除锁定之前将无法再打开设备。如果资源解除锁定后打开了资源,则即使用户锁定了装置,您也可以继续正常访问资源。
在 iOS 5.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication, NSDataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication:
资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上,在设备完成引导之前将一直无法进行访问。在用户首次将设备解除锁定后,即使用户随后锁定设备,您的应用程序也可以访问该资源并且可以持续进行访问。
在 iOS 5.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionNone, NSDataWritingFileProtectionNone:
此资源没有与其相关联的特殊保护。它可以随时读取或写入。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

因此,用 NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpenNSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication 标记一个文件,就会使用从用户密码或设备 UID 派生的密钥对其进行加密,但在某些情况下依然可以访问数据。因此,应该对 NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpenNSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication 的用法进行仔细审核,以确定是否需要使用 NSFileProtectionComplete 执行进一步保护。

例 1:以下例子中,给定的文件仅在用户首次打开设备和提供密码前受保护(直到下次重新引导):


...
filepath = [self.GetDocumentDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.setFilename];
...
NSDictionary *protection = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication forKey:NSFileProtectionKey];
...
[[NSFileManager defaultManager] setAttributes:protection ofItemAtPath:filepath error:nil];
...
BOOL ok = [testToWrite writeToFile:filepath atomically:YES encoding:NSUnicodeStringEncoding error:&err];
...
例 2:以下例子中,给定的数据仅在用户首次打开设备和提供密码前受保护(直到下次重新引导):


...
filepath = [self.GetDocumentDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.setFilename];
...
NSData *textData = [textToWrite dataUsingEncoding:NSUnicodeStingEncoding];
...
BOOL ok = [textData writeToFile:filepath options:NSDataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication error:&err];
...
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.objc.insecure_storage_insufficient_data_protection
Abstract
该方法使用不完善的加密设置将数据写入文件。
Explanation
数据保护 API 旨在让应用程序能够声明,何时应可访问文件系统中存储的密钥链和文件中的项目。它可用于大部分文件和数据库 API,包括 NSFileManager、CoreData、NSData 和 SQLite。通过为给定资源指定四个保护级别的其中之一,开发人员可以指令底层文件系统使用从设备 UID 和用户密码中派生的密钥或完全基于设备 UID 的密钥,对该给定资源进行加密(以及何时进行自动解密)。

数据保护级别在 NSFileManager 中定义为常量,以便在与 NSFileManager 实例相关联的 Dictionary 中指定为 NSFileProtectionKey 密钥的值,而且通过使用 NSFileManager 函数(包括 setAttributes(_:ofItemAtPath:)attributesOfItemAtPath(_:)createFileAtPath(_:contents:attributes:)),可以创建文件或者修改其数据保护级别。此外,已在 NSDataWritingOptions 枚举中定义了 NSData 对象的相应数据保护常量,它可以作为 options 参数传递到 NSData 函数(
writeToFile(_:options:)
)。NSFileManagerNSData 的各种数据保护类常量定义如下:

-NSFileProtectionComplete, NSDataWritingOptions.DataWritingFileProtectionComplete:
当设备被锁定或正在引导时,资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上,且无法读取或写入。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen, NSDataWritingOptions.DataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen:
资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上。当设备被锁定时可以创建资源,但一旦关闭设备,则在设备解除锁定之前将无法再打开设备。如果资源解除锁定后打开了资源,则即使用户锁定了装置,您也可以继续正常访问资源。
在 iOS 5.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication, NSDataWritingOptions.DataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication:
资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上,在设备完成引导之前将一直无法进行访问。在用户首次将设备解除锁定后,即使用户随后锁定设备,您的应用程序也可以访问该资源并且可以持续进行访问。
在 iOS 5.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionNone, NSDataWritingOptions.DataWritingFileProtectionNone:
此资源没有与其相关联的特殊保护。它可以随时读取或写入。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

因此,用 NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpenNSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication 标记一个文件,就会使用从用户密码或设备 UID 派生的密钥对其进行加密,但在某些情况下依然可以访问数据。因此,应该对 NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpenNSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication 的用法进行仔细审核,以确定是否需要使用 NSFileProtectionComplete 执行进一步保护。

示例 1:在以下示例中,给定文件仅在用户首次打开设备和提供密码前受保护(直到下次重新引导):


...
let documentsPath = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.DocumentDirectory, .UserDomainMask, true)[0])
let filename = "\(documentsPath)/tmp_activeTrans.txt"
let protection = [NSFileProtectionKey: NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication]
do {
try NSFileManager.defaultManager().setAttributes(protection, ofItemAtPath: filename)
} catch let error as NSError {
NSLog("Unable to change attributes: \(error.debugDescription)")
}
...
BOOL ok = textToWrite.writeToFile(filename, atomically:true)
...
示例 2:在以下示例中,给定数据仅在用户首次打开设备和提供密码前受保护(直到下次重新引导):


...
let documentsPath = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.DocumentDirectory, .UserDomainMask, true)[0])
let filename = "\(documentsPath)/tmp_activeTrans.txt"
...
BOOL ok = textData.writeToFile(filepath, options: .DataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication);
...
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.swift.insecure_storage_insufficient_data_protection
Abstract
该方法将数据存储在了加密设置可能不充分的密钥链中。
Explanation
密钥链可访问性常量旨在使应用程序能够声明何时可访问密钥链中的项目。通过为给定密钥链项目指定某一个可访问性常量,开发人员可以指示底层文件系统使用从设备 UID 和用户密码中派生的密钥或完全基于设备 UID 的密钥,对该给定项目进行加密(以及何时进行自动解密)。

密钥链可访问性常量应指定为密钥链属性字典中 kSecAttrAccessible 键的值。下面列出了各种密钥链可访问性常量的定义:

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:
只能在设备解除锁定时访问密钥链中的数据。仅在设备上设置了密码时可用。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。将备份恢复到新设备后,这些项目将丢失。不能在没有密码的设备上的此类中存储任何项目。禁用设备密码将会删除此类中的所有项目。
在 iOS 8.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
这是在没有明确设置可访问性常量的情况下添加密钥链项目时的默认值。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

因此,用 kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock 标记一个密钥链项目,就会使用从用户密码或设备 UID 派生的密钥对其进行加密,但在某些情况下依然可以访问数据。因此,应该对 kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock 的用法进行仔细审核,以确定是否需要执行进一步保护。

示例 1:在以下示例中,给定密钥链项目仅在用户首次打开设备和提供密码前受保护(直到下次重新引导):


...
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSData *token = [@"secret" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

// Configure KeyChain Item
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassGenericPassword forKey:(__bridge id) kSecClass];
[dict setObject:token forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
...
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock forKey:(__bridge id) kSecAttrAccessible];

OSStatus error = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)dict, NULL);
...
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple: October 2014
[2] Keychain Services Apple
[3] Keychain Item Accessibility Constants Apple
[4] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[14] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[15] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[16] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[17] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[18] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[19] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[21] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[29] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[30] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[31] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.objc.insecure_storage_insufficient_keychain_protection
Abstract
该方法将数据存储在了加密设置可能不充分的密钥链中。
Explanation
密钥链可访问性常量旨在使应用程序能够声明何时可访问密钥链中的项目。通过为给定密钥链项目指定某一个可访问性常量,开发人员可以指示底层文件系统使用从设备 UID 和用户密码中派生的密钥或完全基于设备 UID 的密钥,对该给定项目进行加密(以及何时进行自动解密)。

密钥链可访问性常量应指定为密钥链属性字典中 kSecAttrAccessible 键的值。下面列出了各种密钥链可访问性常量的定义:

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:
只能在设备解除锁定时访问密钥链中的数据。仅在设备上设置了密码时可用。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。将备份恢复到新设备后,这些项目将丢失。不能在没有密码的设备上的此类中存储任何项目。禁用设备密码将会删除此类中的所有项目。
在 iOS 8.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
这是在没有明确设置可访问性常量的情况下添加密钥链项目时的默认值。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

因此,用 kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock 标记一个密钥链项目,就会使用从用户密码或设备 UID 派生的密钥对其进行加密,但在某些情况下依然可以访问数据。因此,应该对 kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock 的用法进行仔细审核,以确定是否需要执行进一步保护。

示例 1:在以下示例中,给定密钥链项目仅在用户首次打开设备和提供密码前受保护(直到下次重新引导):


...
// Configure KeyChain Item
let token = "secret"
var query = [String : AnyObject]()
query[kSecClass as String] = kSecClassGenericPassword
query[kSecValueData as String] = token as AnyObject?
...
query[kSecAttrAccessible as String] = kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock

SecItemAdd(query as CFDictionary, nil)
...
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple: October 2014
[2] Keychain Services Apple
[3] Keychain Item Accessibility Constants Apple
[4] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[14] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[15] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[16] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[17] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[18] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[19] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[21] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[29] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[30] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[31] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.swift.insecure_storage_insufficient_keychain_protection
Abstract
该方法将数据写入加密设置不充分的文件中。
Explanation
数据保护 API 旨在让应用程序能够声明,何时应可访问文件系统中存储的密钥链和文件中的项目。它可用于大部分文件和数据库 API,包括 NSFileManager、CoreData、NSData 和 SQLite。通过为给定资源指定四个保护级别的其中之一,开发人员可以指令底层文件系统使用从设备 UID 和用户密码中派生的密钥或完全基于设备 UID 的密钥,对该给定资源进行加密(以及何时进行自动解密)。

NSFileManager 的数据保护类会定义为常量,以便在与 NSFileManager 实例相关联的 NSDictionary 中指定为 NSFileProtectionKey 键的值,并可通过使用 NSFileManager 函数(包括 setAttributes:ofItemAtPath:error:attributesOfItemAtPath:error:createFileAtPath:contents:attributes:)创建文件或修改其数据保护类。此外,NSData 对象的相应数据保护常量会定义为 NSDataWritingOptions,并可将其作为 options 参数传递到 NSData 函数 writeToURL:options:error:writeToFile:options:error:NSFileManagerNSData 的各种数据保护类常量定义如下:

-NSFileProtectionComplete, NSDataWritingFileProtectionComplete:
当设备被锁定或正在引导时,资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上,且无法读取或写入。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen, NSDataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen:
资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上。当设备被锁定时可以创建资源,但一旦关闭设备,则在设备解除锁定之前将无法再打开设备。如果资源解除锁定后打开了资源,则即使用户锁定了装置,您也可以继续正常访问资源。
在 iOS 5.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication, NSDataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication:
资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上,在设备完成引导之前将一直无法进行访问。在用户首次将设备解除锁定后,即使用户随后锁定设备,您的应用程序也可以访问该资源并且可以持续进行访问。
在 iOS 5.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionNone, NSDataWritingFileProtectionNone:
此资源没有与其相关联的特殊保护。它可以随时读取或写入。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

即使 iOS 设备上的所有文件(包括没有显式分配数据保护级别的文件)是以加密形式存储,也请使用完全基于设备的 UID 派生的密钥,以加密形式指定 NSFileProtectionNone 结果。这使此文件在设备打开时随时可以进行访问,包括用密码锁定或正在引导时。因此,应该对 NSFileProtectionNone 的用法进行仔细审核,以确定是否需要执行更严格的数据保护。

例 1:在以下例子中,给定文件不受保护(设备打开时可随时访问):


...
filepath = [self.GetDocumentDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.setFilename];
...
NSDictionary *protection = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:NSFileProtectionNone forKey:NSFileProtectionKey];
...
[[NSFileManager defaultManager] setAttributes:protection ofItemAtPath:filepath error:nil];
...
BOOL ok = [testToWrite writeToFile:filepath atomically:YES encoding:NSUnicodeStringEncoding error:&err];
...
例 2:在以下例子中,给定数据不受保护(设备打开时可随时访问):


...
filepath = [self.GetDocumentDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.setFilename];
...
NSData *textData = [textToWrite dataUsingEncoding:NSUnicodeStingEncoding];
...
BOOL ok = [textData writeToFile:filepath options:NSDataWritingFileProtectionNone error:&err];
...
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.objc.insecure_storage_lacking_data_protection
Abstract
该方法将数据写入加密设置不充分的文件中。
Explanation
数据保护 API 旨在让应用程序能够声明,何时应可访问文件系统中存储的密钥链和文件中的项目。它可用于大部分文件和数据库 API,包括 NSFileManager、CoreData、NSData 和 SQLite。通过为给定资源指定四个保护级别的其中之一,开发人员可以指令底层文件系统使用从设备 UID 和用户密码中派生的密钥或完全基于设备 UID 的密钥,对该给定资源进行加密(以及何时进行自动解密)。

数据保护级别在 NSFileManager 中定义为常量,以便在与 NSFileManager 实例相关联的 Dictionary 中指定为 NSFileProtectionKey 密钥的值。通过使用 NSFileManager 函数(包括 setAttributes(_:ofItemAtPath:)attributesOfItemAtPath(_:)createFileAtPath(_:contents:attributes:)),可以创建文件或者修改其数据保护级别。此外,已在 NSDataWritingOptions 枚举中定义了 NSData 对象的相应数据保护常量,它可以作为 options 参数传递到 NSData 函数(例如
writeToFile(_:options:)
)。NSFileManagerNSData 的各种数据保护类常量定义如下:

-NSFileProtectionComplete, NSDataWritingOptions.DataWritingFileProtectionComplete:
当设备被锁定或正在引导时,资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上,且无法读取或写入。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen, NSDataWritingOptions.DataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen:
资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上。当设备被锁定时可以创建资源,但一旦关闭设备,则在设备解除锁定之前将无法再打开设备。如果资源解除锁定后打开了资源,则即使用户锁定了装置,您也可以继续正常访问资源。
在 iOS 5.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication, NSDataWritingOptions.DataWritingFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication:
资源以加密格式存储在磁盘上,在设备完成引导之前将一直无法进行访问。在用户首次将设备解除锁定后,即使用户随后锁定设备,您的应用程序也可以访问该资源并且可以持续进行访问。
在 iOS 5.0 和更高版本中可用。
-NSFileProtectionNone, NSDataWritingOptions.DataWritingFileProtectionNone:
此资源没有与其相关联的特殊保护。它可以随时读取或写入。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

即使 iOS 设备上的所有文件(包括没有显式分配数据保护级别的文件)是以加密形式存储,也请使用完全基于设备的 UID 派生的密钥,以加密形式指定 NSFileProtectionNone 结果。这使此文件在设备打开时随时可以进行访问,包括用密码锁定或正在引导时。因此,应该对 NSFileProtectionNone 的用法进行仔细审核,以确定是否需要执行更严格的数据保护。

示例 1:在以下示例中,给定文件不受保护(设备打开时可随时访问):


...
let documentsPath = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.DocumentDirectory, .UserDomainMask, true)[0])
let filename = "\(documentsPath)/tmp_activeTrans.txt"
let protection = [NSFileProtectionKey: NSFileProtectionNone]
do {
try NSFileManager.defaultManager().setAttributes(protection, ofItemAtPath: filename)
} catch let error as NSError {
NSLog("Unable to change attributes: \(error.debugDescription)")
}
...
BOOL ok = textToWrite.writeToFile(filename, atomically:true)
...
示例 2:在以下示例中,给定数据不受保护(设备打开时可随时访问):


...
let documentsPath = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.DocumentDirectory, .UserDomainMask, true)[0])
let filename = "\(documentsPath)/tmp_activeTrans.txt"
...
BOOL ok = textData.writeToFile(filepath, options: .DataWritingFileProtectionNone);
...
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.swift.insecure_storage_lacking_data_protection
Abstract
该方法将数据存储在了加密设置不充分的密钥链中。
Explanation
密钥链可访问性常量旨在使应用程序能够声明何时可访问密钥链中的项目。通过为给定密钥链项目指定某一个可访问性常量,开发人员可以指示底层文件系统使用从设备 UID 和用户密码中派生的密钥或完全基于设备 UID 的密钥,对该给定项目进行加密(以及何时进行自动解密)。

密钥链可访问性常量应指定为密钥链属性字典中 kSecAttrAccessible 键的值。下面列出了各种密钥链可访问性常量的定义:

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:
只能在设备解除锁定时访问密钥链中的数据。仅在设备上设置了密码时可用。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。将备份恢复到新设备后,这些项目将丢失。不能在没有密码的设备上的此类中存储任何项目。禁用设备密码将会删除此类中的所有项目。
在 iOS 8.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
这是在没有明确设置可访问性常量的情况下添加密钥链项目时的默认值。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

即使 iOS 设备上的所有文件(包括没有明确分配密钥链可访问性常量的文件)是以加密形式存储,也请使用完全基于设备的 UID 派生的密钥,以加密形式指定 kSecAttrAccessibleAlways 结果。这使此文件在设备打开时随时可以进行访问,包括用密码锁定或正在引导时。因此,应该对 kSecAttrAccessibleAlways 的用法进行仔细审核,以确定是否需要执行更严格的密钥链可访问性级别。

示例 1:在以下示例中,给定文件不受保护(设备打开时可随时访问):


...
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSData *token = [@"secret" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

// Configure KeyChain Item
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassGenericPassword forKey:(__bridge id) kSecClass];
[dict setObject:token forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
...
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrAccessibleAlways forKey:(__bridge id) kSecAttrAccessible];

OSStatus error = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)dict, NULL);
...
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple: October 2014
[2] Keychain Services Apple
[3] Keychain Item Accessibility Constants Apple
[4] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[14] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[15] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[16] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[17] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[18] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[19] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[21] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[29] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[30] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[31] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.objc.insecure_storage_lacking_keychain_protection
Abstract
该方法将数据存储在了加密设置不充分的密钥链中。
Explanation
密钥链可访问性常量旨在使应用程序能够声明何时可访问密钥链中的项目。通过为给定密钥链项目指定某一个可访问性常量,开发人员可以指示底层文件系统使用从设备 UID 和用户密码中派生的密钥或完全基于设备 UID 的密钥,对该给定项目进行加密(以及何时进行自动解密)。

密钥链可访问性常量应指定为密钥链属性字典中 kSecAttrAccessible 键的值。下面列出了各种密钥链可访问性常量的定义:

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:
重新启动后,将无法访问密钥链项目中的数据,直到用户将设备解除锁定一次。
第一次解除锁定后,数据将保持可访问状态,直到下次重新启动。推荐将此属性用于需要由后台应用程序访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:
只能在设备解除锁定时访问密钥链中的数据。仅在设备上设置了密码时可用。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。将备份恢复到新设备后,这些项目将丢失。不能在没有密码的设备上的此类中存储任何项目。禁用设备密码将会删除此类中的所有项目。
在 iOS 8.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:
始终可访问密钥链项目中的数据,无论设备是否已锁定。
不建议用于应用程序。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目在使用加密备份时会迁移到新设备。
这是在没有明确设置可访问性常量的情况下添加密钥链项目时的默认值。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

-kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:
只能在用户对设备解除锁定时访问密钥链项目中的数据。
建议只用于当应用程序处于前台时才需要访问的项目。具有此属性的项目不会迁移到新设备。因此,从不同设备的备份恢复后,这些项目将不存在。
在 iOS 4.0 和更高版本中可用。

即使 iOS 设备上的所有文件(包括没有明确分配密钥链可访问性常量的文件)是以加密形式存储,也请使用完全基于设备的 UID 派生的密钥,以加密形式指定 kSecAttrAccessibleAlways 结果。这使此文件在设备打开时随时可以进行访问,包括用密码锁定或正在引导时。因此,应该对 kSecAttrAccessibleAlways 的用法进行仔细审核,以确定是否需要执行更严格的密钥链可访问性级别。

示例 1:在以下示例中,给定文件不受保护(设备打开时可随时访问):


...
// Configure KeyChain Item
let token = "secret"
var query = [String : AnyObject]()
query[kSecClass as String] = kSecClassGenericPassword
query[kSecValueData as String] = token as AnyObject?
...
query[kSecAttrAccessible as String] = kSecAttrAccessibleAlways

SecItemAdd(query as CFDictionary, nil)
...
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple: October 2014
[2] Keychain Services Apple
[3] Keychain Item Accessibility Constants Apple
[4] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[10] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311, CWE ID 312, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 522
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[14] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[15] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[16] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[17] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[18] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[19] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[21] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[29] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[30] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[31] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.swift.insecure_storage_lacking_keychain_protection
Abstract
所标识的方法建立到未加密数据库的连接。
Explanation
应用程序文件可以由根设备上或未加密备份中的其他应用程序访问。由于用户可以决定越狱其设备或执行未加密的备份,因此最好对包含敏感数据的数据库进行加密。

示例 1:以下代码建立到未加密的 Realm 数据库的连接:


Realm realm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
References
[1] Realm Database Encryption Realm
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.java.insecure_storage_missing_database_encryption
Abstract
所标识的方法建立到未加密数据库的连接。
Explanation
应用程序文件可以由根设备上或未加密备份中的其他应用程序访问。由于用户可以决定越狱其设备或执行未加密的备份,因此最好对包含敏感数据的数据库进行加密。

示例 1:以下代码建立到未加密的 Realm 数据库的连接:


RLMRealmConfiguration *config = [RLMRealmConfiguration defaultConfiguration];
RLMRealm *realm = [RLMRealm realmWithConfiguration:config error:nil];
References
[1] Realm Cocoa Tutorial: Encryption with Realm Realm
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.objc.insecure_storage_missing_database_encryption
Abstract
所标识的方法建立到未加密数据库的连接。
Explanation
应用程序文件可以由越狱设备上或未加密备份中的其他应用程序访问。由于应用程序开发人员无法控制用户是决定越狱其设备还是执行未加密的备份,因此最好对包含敏感数据的数据库进行加密。

示例 1:以下代码建立到未加密的 Realm 数据库的连接:


let realm = try! Realm()
References
[1] Realm Cocoa Tutorial: Encryption with Realm Realm
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.swift.insecure_storage_missing_database_encryption
Abstract
标识方法会将未加密数据写入 iOS 相册。
Explanation
保存到 iOS 相册中的文件可随意读取,并且可供设备中的应用程序访问。攻击者可以利用这一特点盗取敏感的照片,例如,用于手机支票存款的支票图片。

例 1:下面的代码使用 UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum 将图像保存到相册:


- (void) imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info
{
// Access the uncropped image from info dictionary
UIImage *image = [info objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];

// Save image
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(image, self, @selector(image:didFinishSavingWithError:contextInfo:), nil);

...
}
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 313, CWE ID 359, CWE ID 921
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.objc.insecure_storage_missing_encryption_on_stored_private_media
Abstract
标识方法会将未加密数据写入 iOS 相册。
Explanation
保存到 iOS 相册中的文件可随意读取,并且可供设备中的应用程序访问。攻击者可以利用这一特点盗取敏感的照片,例如,用于手机支票存款的支票图片。

示例 1:以下代码使用 UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum 将图像保存到相册:


func imagePickerController(picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [NSObject : AnyObject]) {
if let pickedImage = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage] as? UIImage {
imageView.contentMode = .ScaleAspectFit
imageView.image = pickedImage
}

// Save image
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(pickedImage!, self, nil, nil)

dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
}
References
[1] iOS Security Guide Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 4
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 313, CWE ID 359, CWE ID 921
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.structural.swift.insecure_storage_missing_encryption_on_stored_private_media