537 个项目已找到
弱点
Abstract
在 Cookies 中包含未验证的数据会引发 HTTP 响应头文件操作攻击,并可能导致 cache-poisoning、cross-site scripting、cross-user defacement、page hijacking、cookie manipulation 或 open redirect。
Explanation
以下情况中会出现 Cookie Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 HTTP Cookie 中,该 Cookie 未经验证就发送给了 Web 用户。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,且该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似跨站请求伪造的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加、甚至覆盖合法用户的 cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应头文件,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功地实施 HTTP Response Splitting 盗取,应用程序必须允许将那些包含 CR(回车,由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行,由 %0a 或 \n 指定)的字符输入到头文件中。攻击者利用这些字符不仅可以控制应用程序要发送的响应剩余头文件和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 头文件感染恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置头文件,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的头文件,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此必须在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 头文件时采取措施。

示例 1:以下代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 Cookie 标头中。


...
author = request->get_form_field( 'author' ).
response->set_cookie( name = 'author' value = author ).
...


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 AUTHOR_PARAM 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如“Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n...”,那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

缓存中毒: 如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会导致两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应,因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有头文件或正文中的敏感信息。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入来控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.abap.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 Cookie 中包含未经验证的数据会引发 HTTP Response Header Manipulation 攻击,并可能导致 Cache-Poisoning、Cross-Site Scripting、Cross-User Defacement、Page Hijacking、Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirect。
Explanation
Cookie Manipulation 漏洞会在以下情况下发生:

1.数据通过不可信数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是通过 HTTP 请求。



2.数据包含在未经验证就发送给 Web 用户的 HTTP Cookie 中。



如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,然后该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与 Cross-Site Request Forgery 等类似攻击相结合时,攻击者可能会篡改、添加甚至覆盖合法用户的 Cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应标头,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功实施 HTTP Response Splitting 漏洞,该应用程序必须允许将包含 CR(回车符,也可以由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行符,也可以由 %0a 或 \n 指定)字符的输入包含在标头中。攻击者不仅可以利用这些字符控制应用程序要发送的响应的剩余标头和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 标头中注入恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置标头,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的标头,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 标头时仍需小心谨慎。

示例 1:以下代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 Cookie 标头中。


...
Cookie cookie = new Cookie('author', author, '/', -1, false);
ApexPages.currentPage().setCookies(new Cookie[] {cookie});
...


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 Cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 author 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如“Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n...”,那么 HTTP 响应将被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,该请求将导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

Cache Poisoning:如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响将仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会产生两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应。因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有标头或正文中的敏感信息。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.apex.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 Cookies 中包含未验证的数据会引发 HTTP 响应头文件操作攻击,并可能导致 cache-poisoning、cross-site scripting、cross-user defacement、page hijacking、cookie manipulation 或 open redirect。
Explanation
以下情况中会出现 Cookie Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 HTTP Cookie 中,该 Cookie 未经验证就发送给了 Web 用户。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,然后该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似跨站请求伪造的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加、甚至覆盖合法用户的 cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应头文件,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功地实施 HTTP Response Splitting 盗取,应用程序必须允许将那些包含 CR(回车,由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行,由 %0a 或 \n 指定)的字符输入到头文件中。攻击者利用这些字符不仅可以控制应用程序要发送的响应剩余头文件和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 头文件感染恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置头文件,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的头文件,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此必须在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 头文件时采取措施。

示例 1:以下代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 Cookie 标头中。


protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Author;
...
string author = Author.Text;
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("author", author);
...


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 AUTHOR_PARAM 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如“Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n...”,那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

缓存中毒:如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会导致两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应,因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有头文件或正文中的敏感信息。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入来控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.dotnet.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 Cookies 中包含未验证的数据会引发 HTTP 响应头文件操作攻击,并可能导致 cache-poisoning、cross-site scripting、cross-user defacement、page hijacking、cookie manipulation 或 open redirect。
Explanation
以下情况中会出现 Cookie Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 HTTP Cookie 中,该 Cookie 未经验证就发送给了 Web 用户。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,且该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似跨站请求伪造的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加、甚至覆盖合法用户的 cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应头文件,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功地实施 HTTP Response Splitting 盗取,应用程序必须允许将那些包含 CR(回车,由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行,由 %0a 或 \n 指定)的字符输入到头文件中。攻击者利用这些字符不仅可以控制应用程序要发送的响应剩余头文件和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 头文件感染恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置头文件,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的头文件,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此必须在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 头文件时采取措施。

示例 1:以下代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 Cookie 标头中。


<cfcookie name = "author"
value = "#Form.author#"
expires = "NOW">


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 AUTHOR_PARAM 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如 "Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n......",那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

Cache Poisoning: 如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会导致两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应,因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有头文件或正文中的敏感信息。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入来控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] Amit Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] Diabolic Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.cfml.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 Cookie 中包含未经验证的数据会引发 HTTP Response Header Manipulation 攻击,并可能导致 Cache-Poisoning、Cross-Site Scripting、Cross-User Defacement、Page Hijacking、Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirect。
Explanation
Cookie Manipulation 漏洞会在以下情况下发生:

1.数据通过不可信来源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2.数据包含在未经验证就发送给 Web 用户的 HTTP Cookie 中。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,然后该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似 Cross-Site Request Forgery 的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加甚至覆盖合法用户的 Cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应标头,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功实施 HTTP Response Splitting 漏洞,该应用程序必须允许将包含 CR(回车符,也可以由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行符,也可以由 %0a 或 \n 指定)字符的输入包含在标头中。攻击者不仅可以利用这些字符控制应用程序要发送的响应的剩余标头和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 标头感染恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置标头,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的标头,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 标头时仍需小心谨慎。

示例 1:以下代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 Cookie 标头中。


...
author := request.FormValue("AUTHOR_PARAM")
cookie := http.Cookie{
Name: "author",
Value: author,
Domain: "www.example.com",
}
http.SetCookie(w, &cookie)
...


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 Cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 AUTHOR_PARAM 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如 "Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n...",那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

Cache Poisoning:如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应后,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,攻击者还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会产生两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应。因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有标头或正文中的敏感信息。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.golang.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 Cookies 中包含未验证的数据会引发 HTTP 响应头文件操作攻击,并可能导致 cache-poisoning、cross-site scripting、cross-user defacement、page hijacking、cookie manipulation 或 open redirect。
Explanation
以下情况中会出现 Cookie Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 HTTP Cookie 中,该 Cookie 未经验证就发送给了 Web 用户。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,且该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似跨站请求伪造的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加、甚至覆盖合法用户的 cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应头文件,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功地实施 HTTP Response Splitting 盗取,应用程序必须允许将那些包含 CR(回车,由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行,由 %0a 或 \n 指定)的字符输入到头文件中。攻击者利用这些字符不仅可以控制应用程序要发送的响应剩余头文件和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 头文件感染恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置头文件,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的头文件,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此必须在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 头文件时采取措施。

例 1:下列代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 cookie 头文件中。


String author = request.getParameter(AUTHOR_PARAM);
...
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("author", author);
cookie.setMaxAge(cookieExpiration);
response.addCookie(cookie);


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 AUTHOR_PARAM 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如“Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n...”,那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

有些人认为在移动世界中,典型的 Web 应用程序漏洞(如头文件和 Cookie Manipulation)是无意义的 -- 为什么用户要攻击自己?但是,谨记移动平台的本质是从各种来源下载并在相同设备上运行的应用程序。恶意软件在银行应用程序附近运行的可能性很高,它们会强制扩展移动应用程序的攻击面(包括跨进程通信)。

示例 2:以下代码会调整Example 1 以适应 Android 平台。


...
CookieManager webCookieManager = CookieManager.getInstance();
String author = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString(AUTHOR_PARAM);
String setCookie = "author=" + author + "; max-age=" + cookieExpiration;
webCookieManager.setCookie(url, setCookie);

...
Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

缓存中毒: 如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会导致两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应,因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有头文件或正文中的敏感信息。

打开重定向:如果允许未验证的输入来控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.java.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 Cookies 中包含未验证的数据会引发 HTTP 响应头文件操作攻击,并可能导致 cache-poisoning、cross-site scripting、cross-user defacement、page hijacking、cookie manipulation 或 open redirect。
Explanation
以下情况中会出现 Cookie Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 HTTP Cookie 中,该 Cookie 未经验证就发送给了 Web 用户。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,然后该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似跨站请求伪造的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加、甚至覆盖合法用户的 cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应头文件,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功地实施 HTTP Response Splitting 盗取,应用程序必须允许将那些包含 CR(回车,由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行,由 %0a 或 \n 指定)的字符输入到头文件中。攻击者利用这些字符不仅可以控制应用程序要发送的响应剩余头文件和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 头文件感染恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置头文件,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的头文件,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此必须在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 头文件时采取措施。

示例 1:以下代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 Cookie 标头中。


author = form.author.value;
...
document.cookie = "author=" + author + ";expires="+cookieExpiration;
...


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 AUTHOR_PARAM 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如 "Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n......",那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,该请求将导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

Cache Poisoning: 如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会导致两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应,因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有头文件或正文中的敏感信息。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入来控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.javascript.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 Cookies 中包含未验证的数据会引发 HTTP 响应头文件操作攻击,并可能导致 cache-poisoning、cross-site scripting、cross-user defacement、page hijacking、cookie manipulation 或 open redirect。
Explanation
以下情况中会出现 Cookie Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 HTTP Cookie 中,该 Cookie 未经验证就发送给了 Web 用户。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,且该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似跨站请求伪造的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加、甚至覆盖合法用户的 cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应头文件,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功地实施 HTTP Response Splitting 盗取,应用程序必须允许将那些包含 CR(回车,由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行,由 %0a 或 \n 指定)的字符输入到头文件中。攻击者利用这些字符不仅可以控制应用程序要发送的响应剩余头文件和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 头文件感染恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置头文件,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的头文件,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此必须在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 头文件时采取措施。

示例 1:以下代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 Cookie 标头中。


<?php
$author = $_GET['AUTHOR_PARAM'];
...
header("author: $author");
?>


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 AUTHOR_PARAM 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如 "Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n......",那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

Cache Poisoning: 如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会导致两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应,因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有头文件或正文中的敏感信息。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入来控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.php.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
HTTP 响应头文件中包含未验证的数据会引发 cache-poisoning、cross-site scripting、cross-user defacement、page hijacking、cookie manipulation 或 open redirect。
Explanation
以下情况中会出现 Header Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 HTTP 响应头文件里,未经验证就发送给了 Web 用户。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Header Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:一个攻击者将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,且该应用程序将数据包含在 HTTP 响应头文件中。

其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功地实施 HTTP Response Splitting 盗取,应用程序必须允许将那些包含 CR(回车,由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行,由 %0a 或 \n 指定)的字符输入到头文件中。攻击者利用这些字符不仅可以控制应用程序要发送的响应剩余头文件和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 头文件感染恶意字符。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的头文件,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此必须在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 头文件时采取措施。

示例 1:以下代码段会从 HTTP 请求读取位置,并在 HTTP 响应的位置字段的头文件中对其进行设置。


location = req.field('some_location')
...
response.addHeader("location",location)


假设在请求中提交了一个由标准字母数字字符组成的字符串,如“index.html”,则包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
location: index.html
...


然而,因为该位置的值由未经验证的用户输入组成,所以仅当提交给 some_location 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如“index.html\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n...”,那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
location: index.html

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

Cache Poisoning: 如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会导致两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应,因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有头文件或正文中的敏感信息。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似跨站请求伪造的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加、甚至覆盖合法用户的 cookie。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入来控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.python.header_manipulation
Abstract
在 Cookie 中包含未经验证的数据会引发 HTTP Response Header Manipulation 攻击,并可能导致 Cache-Poisoning、Cross-Site Scripting、Cross-User Defacement、Page Hijacking、Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirect。
Explanation
Cookie Manipulation 漏洞会在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过不可信来源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在未经验证就发送给 Web 用户的 HTTP Cookie 中。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。 从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,然后该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation: 当与 Cross-Site Request Forgery 等攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加到、甚至覆盖合法用户的 Cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应标头,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。 为了成功实施 HTTP Response Splitting 漏洞,该应用程序必须允许将包含 CR(回车符,也可以由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行符,也可以由 %0a 或 \n 指定)字符的输入包含在标头中。 攻击者不仅可以利用这些字符控制应用程序要发送的响应的剩余标头和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 标头感染恶意字符。 例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置标头,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。 如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的标头,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。 然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 标头时仍需小心谨慎。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.scala.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 Cookies 中包含未验证的数据会引发 HTTP 响应头文件操作攻击,并可能导致 cache-poisoning、cross-site scripting、cross-user defacement、page hijacking、cookie manipulation 或 open redirect。
Explanation
以下情况中会出现 Cookie Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序,最常见的是 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 HTTP Cookie 中,该 Cookie 未经验证就发送给了 Web 用户。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,Cookie Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,然后该应用程序将这些数据包含在 HTTP Cookie 中。

Cookie Manipulation:当与类似跨站请求伪造的攻击相结合时,攻击者就可以篡改、添加、甚至覆盖合法用户的 cookie。

作为 HTTP 响应头文件,Cookie Manipulation 攻击也可导致其他类型的攻击,例如:

HTTP Response Splitting:
其中最常见的一种 Header Manipulation 攻击是 HTTP Response Splitting。为了成功地实施 HTTP Response Splitting 盗取,应用程序必须允许将那些包含 CR(回车,由 %0d 或 \r 指定)和 LF(换行,由 %0a 或 \n 指定)的字符输入到头文件中。攻击者利用这些字符不仅可以控制应用程序要发送的响应剩余头文件和正文,还可以创建完全受其控制的其他响应。

如今的许多现代应用程序服务器可以防止 HTTP 头文件感染恶意字符。例如,如果尝试使用被禁用的字符设置头文件,最新版本的 Apache Tomcat 会抛出 IllegalArgumentException。如果您的应用程序服务器能够防止设置带有换行符的头文件,则其具备对 HTTP Response Splitting 的防御能力。然而,单纯地过滤换行符可能无法保证应用程序不受 Cookie Manipulation 或 Open Redirects 的攻击,因此必须在设置带有用户输入的 HTTP 头文件时采取措施。

示例 1:以下代码片段会从 HTTP 请求中读取网络日志项的作者名字 author,并将其置于一个 HTTP 响应的 Cookie 标头中。


...
author = Request.Form(AUTHOR_PARAM)
Response.Cookies("author") = author
Response.Cookies("author").Expires = cookieExpiration
...


假设在请求中提交了一个字符串,该字符串由标准的字母数字字符组成,如“Jane Smith”,那么包含该 Cookie 的 HTTP 响应可能表现为以下形式:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Jane Smith
...


然而,因为 cookie 值来源于未经校验的用户输入,所以仅当提交给 AUTHOR_PARAM 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交的是一个恶意字符串,比如“Wiley Hacker\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n...”,那么 HTTP 响应就会被分割成以下形式的两个响应:


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Set-Cookie: author=Wiley Hacker

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...


显然,第二个响应已完全由攻击者控制,攻击者可以用任何所需标头和正文内容构建该响应。攻击者可以构建任意 HTTP 响应,从而发起多种形式的攻击,包括:cross-user defacement、web and browser cache poisoning、cross-site scripting 和 page hijacking。

Cross-User Defacement:攻击者可以向一个易受攻击的服务器发出一个请求,导致服务器创建两个响应,其中第二个响应可能会被曲解为对其他请求的响应,而这一请求很可能是与服务器共享相同 TCP 连接的另一用户发出的。这种攻击可以通过以下方式实现:攻击者诱骗用户,让他们自己提交恶意请求;或在远程情况下,攻击者与用户共享同一个连接到服务器(如共享代理服务器)的 TCP 连接。最理想的情况是,攻击者通过这种方式使用户相信自己的应用程序已经遭受了黑客攻击,进而对应用程序的安全性失去信心。最糟糕的情况是,攻击者可能提供经特殊技术处理的内容,这些内容旨在模仿应用程序的执行方式,但会重定向用户的私人信息(如帐号和密码),将这些信息发送给攻击者。

缓存中毒:如果多用户 Web 缓存或者单用户浏览器缓存将恶意构建的响应缓存起来,该响应的破坏力会更大。如果响应缓存在共享的 Web 缓存(如在代理服务器中常见的缓存)中,那么使用该缓存的所有用户都会不断收到恶意内容,直到清除该缓存项为止。同样,如果响应缓存在单个用户的浏览器中,那么在清除该缓存项以前,该用户会不断收到恶意内容。然而,影响仅局限于本地浏览器的用户。

Cross-Site Scripting:一旦攻击者控制了应用程序传送的响应,就可以选择多种恶意内容并将其传播给用户。Cross-Site Scripting 是最常见的攻击形式,这种攻击在响应中包含了恶意的 JavaScript 或其他代码,并在用户的浏览器中执行。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。对于易受攻击的应用程序用户,最常见且最危险的攻击就是使用 JavaScript 将会话和身份验证信息返回给攻击者,而后攻击者就可以完全控制受害者的帐号了。

Page Hijacking:除了利用一个易受攻击的应用程序向用户传输恶意内容,还可以利用相同的根漏洞,将服务器生成的供用户使用的敏感内容重定向,转而供攻击者使用。攻击者通过提交一个会导致两个响应的请求,即服务器做出的预期响应和攻击者创建的响应,致使某个中间节点(如共享的代理服务器)误导服务器所生成的响应,将本来应传送给用户的响应错误地传给攻击者。因为攻击者创建的请求产生了两个响应,第一个被解析为针对攻击者请求做出的响应,第二个则被忽略。当用户通过同一 TCP 连接发出合法请求时,攻击者的请求已经在此处等候,并被解析为针对受害者这一请求的响应。这时,攻击者将第二个请求发送给服务器,代理服务器利用针对受害者(用户)的、由该服务器产生的这一请求对服务器做出响应,因此,针对受害者的这一响应中会包含所有头文件或正文中的敏感信息。

Open Redirect:如果允许未验证的输入来控制重定向机制所使用的 URL,可能会有利于攻击者发动钓鱼攻击。
References
[1] A. Klein Divide and Conquer: HTTP Response Splitting, Web Cache Poisoning Attacks, and Related Topics
[2] D. Crab HTTP Response Splitting
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 113
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 HTTP Response Splitting (WASC-25)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 HTTP Response Splitting
desc.dataflow.vb.header_manipulation_cookies
Abstract
在 SMTP 标头中包含未经验证的数据使得攻击者可以添加任意标头(如 CCBCC),从而利用这些标头向其本身泄露邮件内容或将邮件服务器用作垃圾邮件自动程序。
Explanation
SMTP Header Manipulation 漏洞会在以下情况下发生:

1.数据通过不可信数据源进入应用程序,最常见的是 Web 应用程序中的 HTTP 请求。

2.数据包含在未经验证就发送给邮件服务器的 SMTP 标头中。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,SMTP Header Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,该漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,然后该应用程序将这些数据包含在 SMTP 标头中。

一种最常见的 SMTP Header Manipulation 攻击是分发垃圾邮件。如果应用程序包含一个易受攻击的“联系我们”表单,该表单允许设置电子邮件的主题和正文,攻击者就能够设置任意内容,并将包含电子邮件地址列表的 CC 标头匿名注入垃圾邮件,因为电子邮件是从受害者服务器发送的。

示例 1:以下代码段将读取“联系我们”表单的主题和正文:


func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
subject := r.FormValue("subject")
body := r.FormValue("body")
auth := smtp.PlainAuth("identity", "user@example.com", "password", "mail.example.com")
to := []string{"recipient@example.net"}
msg := []byte("To: " + recipient1 + "\r\n" + subject + "\r\n" + body + "\r\n")
err := smtp.SendMail("mail.example.com:25", auth, "sender@example.org", to, msg)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}


假设在请求中提交了一个由标准字母和数字字符组成的字符串,如“Page not working”,那么 SMTP 头可能表现为以下形式:


...
subject: [Contact us query] Page not working
...


然而,因为标头值是使用未经验证的用户输入构造的,所以仅当提交给 subject 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交恶意字符串,例如“Congratulations!! You won the lottery!!!\r\ncc:victim1@mail.com,victim2@mail.com ...”,则 SMTP 标头将采用以下形式:


...
subject: [Contact us query] Congratulations!! You won the lottery
cc: victim1@mail.com,victim2@mail.com
...


这使得攻击者可以在其他攻击中制作垃圾邮件或发送匿名电子邮件。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 93
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Abuse of Functionality (WASC-42)
desc.dataflow.golang.header_manipulation_smtp
Abstract
在 SMTP 头中包括未经验证的数据使得攻击者可以添加任意标题(如 CCBCC),从而利用这些标题向其本身泄露邮件内容或将邮件服务器用作垃圾邮件自动程序。
Explanation
在以下情况下会发生 SMTP Header Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入应用程序,最常见的是 Web 应用程序中的 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 SMTP 头中,该 SMTP 头未经验证就发送给了邮件服务器。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,SMTP Header Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,且该应用程序将这些数据包含在 SMTP 头中。

一种最常见的 SMTP Header Manipulation 攻击是分发垃圾邮件。如果应用程序包含一个易受攻击的“联系我们”表单,该表单允许设置电子邮件的主题和正文,攻击者就能够设置任意内容,并将包含电子邮件地址列表的 CC 标题匿名注入垃圾邮件,因为电子邮件会从受害者服务器进行发送。

示例 1:以下代码段将读取“联系我们”表单的主题和正文:


String subject = request.getParameter("subject");
String body = request.getParameter("body");
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("webform@acme.com"));
message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse("support@acme.com"));
message.setSubject("[Contact us query] " + subject);
message.setText(body);
Transport.send(message);


假设在请求中提交了一个由标准字母和数字字符组成的字符串,如“Page not working”,那么 SMTP 头可能表现为以下形式:


...
subject: [Contact us query] Page not working
...


然而,因为该头的值是利用未经验证的用户输入构造的,所以仅当提交给 subject 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交恶意字符串,例如“Congratulations!!You won the lottery!!!\r\ncc:victim1@mail.com,victim2@mail.com ...”,则 SMTP 头将表现为以下形式:


...
subject: [Contact us query] Congratulations!! You won the lottery
cc: victim1@mail.com,victim2@mail.com
...


这将有效地允许攻击者制造垃圾邮件,或者发送匿名电子邮件等攻击。
References
[1] OWASP Testing for IMAP/SMTP Injection (OTG-INPVAL-011)
[2] Vicente Aguilera Díaz MX Injection: Capturing and Exploiting Hidden Mail Servers
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 93
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Abuse of Functionality (WASC-42)
desc.dataflow.java.header_manipulation_smtp
Abstract
在 SMTP 头中包括未经验证的数据使得攻击者可以添加任意标题(如 CCBCC),从而利用这些标题向其本身泄露邮件内容或将邮件服务器用作垃圾邮件自动程序。
Explanation
在以下情况下会发生 SMTP Header Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入应用程序,最常见的是 Web 应用程序中的 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 SMTP 头中,该 SMTP 头未经验证就发送给了邮件服务器。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,SMTP Header Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,且该应用程序将这些数据包含在 SMTP 头中。

一种最常见的 SMTP Header Manipulation 攻击用于分发垃圾邮件。如果应用程序包含一个允许设置电子邮件主题和正文的易受攻击的“联系我们”表单,攻击者将能够设置任意内容,并注入包含匿名(因为电子邮件是从受害者服务器发送的)指向垃圾邮件的电子邮件地址列表的 CC 标题。

示例 1:以下代码段将读取“联系我们”表单的主题和正文:


$subject = $_GET['subject'];
$body = $_GET['body'];
mail("support@acme.com", "[Contact us query] " . $subject, $body);


假设在请求中提交了一个由标准字母和数字字符组成的字符串,如“Page not working”,那么 SMTP 头可能表现为以下形式:


...
subject: [Contact us query] Page not working
...


然而,因为该头的值是利用未经验证的用户输入构造的,所以仅当提交给 subject 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交恶意字符串,例如“Congratulations!!You won the lottery!!!\r\ncc:victim1@mail.com,victim2@mail.com ...”,则 SMTP 头将表现为以下形式:


...
subject: [Contact us query] Congratulations!! You won the lottery
cc: victim1@mail.com,victim2@mail.com
...


这将有效地允许攻击者制造垃圾邮件,或者发送匿名电子邮件等攻击。
References
[1] OWASP Testing for IMAP/SMTP Injection (OTG-INPVAL-011)
[2] Vicente Aguilera Díaz MX Injection: Capturing and Exploiting Hidden Mail Servers
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 93
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Abuse of Functionality (WASC-42)
desc.dataflow.php.header_manipulation_smtp
Abstract
在 SMTP 头中包括未经验证的数据使得攻击者可以添加任意标题(如 CCBCC),从而利用这些标题向其本身泄露邮件内容或将邮件服务器用作垃圾邮件自动程序。
Explanation
在以下情况下会发生 SMTP Header Manipulation 漏洞:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入应用程序,最常见的是 Web 应用程序中的 HTTP 请求。

2. 数据包含在一个 SMTP 头中,该 SMTP 头未经验证就发送给了邮件服务器。

如同许多软件安全漏洞一样,SMTP Header Manipulation 只是通向终端的一个途径,它本身并不是终端。从本质上看,这些漏洞是显而易见的:攻击者可将恶意数据传送到易受攻击的应用程序,且该应用程序将这些数据包含在 SMTP 头中。

一种最常见的 SMTP Header Manipulation 攻击用于分发垃圾邮件。如果应用程序包含一个允许设置电子邮件主题和正文的易受攻击的“联系我们”表单,攻击者将能够设置任意内容,并注入包含匿名(因为电子邮件是从受害者服务器发送的)指向垃圾邮件的电子邮件地址列表的 CC 标题。

示例 1:以下代码段将读取“联系我们”表单的主题和正文:


body = request.GET['body']
subject = request.GET['subject']
session = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, smtp_tls_port)
session.ehlo()
session.starttls()
session.login(username, password)
headers = "\r\n".join(["from: webform@acme.com",
"subject: [Contact us query] " + subject,
"to: support@acme.com",
"mime-version: 1.0",
"content-type: text/html"])
content = headers + "\r\n\r\n" + body
session.sendmail("webform@acme.com", "support@acme.com", content)


假设在请求中提交了一个由标准字母和数字字符组成的字符串,如“Page not working”,那么 SMTP 头可能表现为以下形式:


...
subject: [Contact us query] Page not working
...


然而,因为该头的值是利用未经验证的用户输入构造的,所以仅当提交给 subject 的值不包含任何 CR 和 LF 字符时,响应才会保留这种形式。如果攻击者提交恶意字符串,例如“Congratulations!!You won the lottery!!!\r\ncc:victim1@mail.com,victim2@mail.com ...”,则 SMTP 头将表现为以下形式:


...
subject: [Contact us query] Congratulations!! You won the lottery
cc: victim1@mail.com,victim2@mail.com
...


这将有效地允许攻击者制造垃圾邮件,或者发送匿名电子邮件等攻击。
References
[1] OWASP Testing for IMAP/SMTP Injection (OTG-INPVAL-011)
[2] Vicente Aguilera Díaz MX Injection: Capturing and Exploiting Hidden Mail Servers
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 93
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Abuse of Functionality (WASC-42)
desc.dataflow.python.header_manipulation_smtp
Abstract
该程序会创建一个隐藏的表单字段。
Explanation
程序员通常信任隐藏字段的内容,认为用户不会查看它们或操作其内容。攻击者则会推翻这些假设。他们将检查写入隐藏字段的值,更改它们,或使用攻击数据替换这些内容。

示例 1:

HtmlInputHidden hidden = new HtmlInputHidden();


如果隐藏字段包含敏感信息,那么就会像捕捉该页面的其余部分一样捕捉这些信息。这会导致敏感信息在用户不知情的情况下在浏览器缓存中被隐藏起来。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 472
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002420
[3] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[8] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 642
[9] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3610 CAT I
[10] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3610 CAT I
[11] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3610 CAT I
[12] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3610 CAT I
[13] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3610 CAT I
[14] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3610 CAT I
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3610 CAT I
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[32] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.dotnet.hidden_field
Abstract
该程序会创建一个隐藏的表单字段。
Explanation
程序员通常信任隐藏字段的内容,认为用户不会查看它们或操作其内容。攻击者则会推翻这些假设。他们将检查写入隐藏字段的值,更改它们,或使用攻击数据替换这些内容。

示例 1:

Hidden hidden = new Hidden(element);


如果隐藏字段包含敏感信息,那么就会像捕捉该页面的其余部分一样捕捉这些信息。这会导致敏感信息在用户不知情的情况下在浏览器缓存中被隐藏起来。
References
[1] IDS14-J. Do not trust the contents of hidden form fields CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 472
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002420
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[9] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 642
[10] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3610 CAT I
[11] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3610 CAT I
[12] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3610 CAT I
[13] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3610 CAT I
[14] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3610 CAT I
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3610 CAT I
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3610 CAT I
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[33] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.java.hidden_field
Abstract
使用了隐藏的表单字段。
Explanation
程序员通常信任隐藏字段的内容,认为用户不会查看它们或操作其内容。攻击者则会推翻这些假设。他们将检查写入隐藏字段的值,更改它们,或使用攻击数据替换这些内容。

示例 1:类型为 hidden<input> 标签表示使用了隐藏字段。

<input type="hidden">


如果隐藏字段包含敏感信息,那么就会像捕捉该页面的其余部分一样捕捉这些信息。这会导致敏感信息在用户不知情的情况下在浏览器缓存中被隐藏起来。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 472
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002420
[3] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[8] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 642
[9] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3610 CAT I
[10] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3610 CAT I
[11] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3610 CAT I
[12] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3610 CAT I
[13] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3610 CAT I
[14] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3610 CAT I
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3610 CAT I
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002485 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[32] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.content.html.hidden_field
Abstract
明确禁用了可能提高跨站点脚本攻击风险的 X-XSS-Protection 标头。
Explanation
默认情况下,通常会在常用浏览器中启用 X-XSS-Protection 标头。将标头值设置为 false (0) 后,禁用 Cross-Site Scripting 保护功能。

可以在多个位置设置标头,并且应检查其中是否存在配置错误和恶意篡改问题。
References
[1] IE8 Security Part IV: The XSS Filter
[2] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[3] HttpResponse.AppendHeader Method
[4] How to prevent cross-site scripting security issues
[5] HOW TO: Disable the Documentation Protocol for ASP.NET Web Services
[6] Configuring Services Using Configuration Files
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554, CWE ID 1173
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[15] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.dotnet.html5_xss_protection
Abstract
明确禁用了可能提高 Cross-Site Scripting 攻击风险的 X-XSS-Protection 标头。
Explanation
默认情况下,通常会在常用浏览器中启用 X-XSS-Protection 标头。将标头值设置为 false (0) 后,禁用 Cross-Site Scripting 保护功能。

可以在多个位置设置标头,并且应检查其中是否存在配置错误和恶意篡改问题。

示例 1:以下代码配置了受 Spring Security 保护的应用程序,以禁用 XSS 保护功能:

<http auto-config="true">
...
<headers>
...
<xss-protection xss-protection-enabled="false" />
</headers>
</http>
References
[1] IE8 Security Part IV: The XSS Filter
[2] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554, CWE ID 1173
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.html5_cross_site_scripting_protection
Abstract
明确禁用了可能提高 cross-site scripting 攻击风险的 X-XSS-Protection 标头。
Explanation
默认情况下,通常会在常用浏览器中启用 X-XSS-Protection 标头。将标头值设置为 false (0) 后,禁用 Cross-Site Scripting 保护功能。
可以在多个位置设置标头,并且应检查其中是否存在配置错误和恶意篡改问题。
References
[1] IE8 Security Part IV: The XSS Filter
[2] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[3] Node.js Security Checklist
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554, CWE ID 1173
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.dataflow.javascript.html5_cross_site_scripting_protection
Abstract
明确禁用了可能提高 cross-site scripting 攻击风险的 X-XSS-Protection 标头。
Explanation
默认情况下,通常会在常用浏览器中启用 X-XSS-Protection 标头。将标头值设置为 false (0) 后,禁用 Cross-Site Scripting 保护功能。

可以在多个位置设置标头,并且应检查其中是否存在配置错误和恶意篡改问题。
References
[1] IE8 Security Part IV: The XSS Filter
[2] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[3] django-secure
[4] SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554, CWE ID 1173
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.python.html5_cross_site_scripting_protection
Abstract
Application_BeginRequest 方法为空,或不包含用于将 X-Content-Type-Options 设置为 nosniff 的函数调用,或尝试删除该标头。
Explanation
MIME 探查是检查字节流内容以尝试推断其中数据格式的一种做法。

如果没有明确禁用 MIME 探查,则有些浏览器会被操控以非预期方式解析数据,从而导致跨站点脚本攻击风险。

对于可能包含用户可控制内容的每个页面,您应该使用 HTTP 标头 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
References
[1] Reducing MIME type security risks
[2] ASP.NET Configuration Files
[3] Global.asax Syntax
[4] IE8 Security Part V: Comprehensive Protection
[5] Custom HttpModule Example
[6] HttpResponse Class
[7] MIME types and stylesheets
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[14] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[15] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[16] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[17] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[19] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.dotnet.html5_mime_sniffing
Abstract
应用程序会应用 MIME 探查算法,或不将 X-Content-Type-Options 设置为 nosniff
Explanation
MIME 探查是检查字节流内容以尝试推断其中数据格式的一种做法。

如果没有明确禁用 MIME 探查,则有些浏览器会被操控以非预期方式解析数据,从而导致跨站点脚本攻击风险。
编写 Web 应用程序时,请针对可能包含用户可控内容的每个页面使用 HTTP 标头 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
编写客户端应用程序时,不应使用 MIME 探查算法来确定服务器的响应 Content-Type。

示例 1:以下代码使用 net.http.DetectContentType() 来确定响应 Content-Type:


...
resp, err := http.Get("http://example.com/")
if err != nil {
// handle error
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)

content_type := DetectContentType(body)
...
References
[1] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[2] WHATWG MIME Sniffing
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.dataflow.golang.html5_mime_sniffing
Abstract
应用程序不会将 X-Content-Type-Options 设置为 nosniff,也不会明确禁用此安全标头。
Explanation
MIME 探查是检查字节流内容以推断其中数据文件格式的一种做法。

如果未明确禁用 MIME 探查,则攻击者会操控部分浏览器,让其以非预期方式解析数据,从而引发 Cross-Site Scripting 攻击。对于可能包含用户可控制内容的每个页面,您应该使用 HTTP 标头 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff

示例 1:以下代码配置了受 Spring Security 保护的应用程序,以禁用 MIME 探查保护:

<http auto-config="true">
...
<headers>
...
<content-type-options disabled="true"/>
</headers>
</http>
References
[1] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.html5_mime_sniffing
Abstract
Node.js 应用程序不会将 X-Content-Type-Options 设置为 nosniff,也不会明确禁用此安全标头。
Explanation
MIME 探查是检查字节流内容以尝试推断其中数据格式的一种做法。

如果没有明确禁用 MIME 探查,则有些浏览器会被操控以非预期方式解析数据,从而导致跨站点脚本攻击风险。

对于可能包含用户可控制内容的每个页面,您应该使用 HTTP 标头 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
References
[1] Node.js Security Checklist
[2] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.dataflow.javascript.html5_mime_sniffing
Abstract
Django 应用程序不会将 X-Content-Type-Options 设置为 nosniff,也不会显式禁用此安全标头。
Explanation
MIME 探查是检查字节流内容以尝试推断其中数据格式的一种做法。

如果没有明确禁用 MIME 探查,则有些浏览器会被操控以非预期方式解析数据,从而导致跨站点脚本攻击风险。

对于可能包含用户可控制内容的每个页面,您应该使用 HTTP 标头 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
References
[1] SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF
[2] django-secure
[3] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 554
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.python.html5_mime_sniffing
Abstract
未配置内容安全策略 (CSP)。
Explanation
内容安全策略 (CSP) 是声明性安全标头,允许开发人员规定站点可从哪些域中加载内容,或呈现在 Web 浏览器中时向哪些域发起连接。它提供额外的安全层以避免重大漏洞,如 Cross-Site Scripting、Clickjacking、Cross-origin Access 等,此外还有输入验证以及检查代码中的允许列表。

默认情况下,Spring Security 和其他框架不会添加内容安全策略标头。Web 应用程序作者必须声明一或多项安全策略,以针对受保护资源强制实施或监控,从而从额外的安全层获益。
References
[1] Mozilla Content Security Policy
[2] W3C Content Security Policy 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 1173
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [3] CWE ID 020
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [3] CWE ID 020
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [4] CWE ID 020
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [4] CWE ID 020
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [6] CWE ID 020
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [12] CWE ID 020
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.3 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.1.4 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.html5_missing_content_security_policy
Abstract
应用程序不会限制浏览器从第三方站点呈现其内容。
Explanation
允许将您的网站添加到框架会引发安全问题。例如,这可能引发 Clickjacking 漏洞或允许异常的跨框架通信。

默认情况下,Spring Security 等框架将 X-Frame-Options 标头包含在内,从而指示浏览器是否应对应用程序进行组帧。禁用或不设置此标头会引发与跨框架相关的漏洞。

示例 1:以下代码配置了受 Spring Security 保护的应用程序,以禁用 X-Frame-Options 标头:

<http auto-config="true">
...
<headers>
...
<frame-options disabled="true"/>
</headers>
</http>
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 1021
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[3] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.7 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.html5_missing_framing_protection
Abstract
内容安全策略 (CSP) 配置了过于宽松的策略,可能造成安全风险。
Explanation
内容安全策略 (CSP) 是声明性安全标头,使开发人员可以在浏览器中指定允许的安全相关行为,包括可从中检索内容的位置允许列表。它提供额外的安全层以避免重大漏洞,如 Cross-Site Scripting、Clickjacking、Cross-origin Access 等,此外还有输入验证以及检查代码中的允许列表。但配置不恰当的标头无法提供此额外的安全层。该策略是在 15 条指令的帮助下定义的,包括 8 条控制资源访问的指令:script-srcimg-srcobject-srcstyle_srcfont-srcmedia-srcframe-srcconnect-src。这 8 条指令将源列表作为值,该值指定站点可访问的域,以使用该指令涵盖的功能。开发人员可使用通配符 * 表示所有或部分数据源。其他源列表关键字(例如 'unsafe-inline''unsafe-eval')提供了对脚本执行的更精细控制,但可能有害。所有的指令都不是强制性的。浏览器允许对未列出的指令使用所有的数据源,或者允许从可选 default-src 指令中衍生其值。此外,此标头的规范也在不断发展。在 Firefox V23 和 IE V10 以前,它作为 X-Content-Security-Policy 实现,在 Chrome V25 以前,作为 X-Webkit-CSP 实现。这两个名称现在均已弃用,目前使用的标准名称为 Content Security Policy。鉴于指令数、两个弃用的备用名称以及在单个标头中相同标头和重复指令多次出现的处理方式,开发人员很有可能会错误地配置此标头。

示例 1:以下代码设置了过度宽松且不安全的 default-src 指令:

<http auto-config="true">
...
<headers>
...
<content-security-policy policy-directives="default-src '*'" />
</headers>
</http>
References
[1] Mozilla Content Security Policy
[2] W3C Content Security Policy 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.html5_overly_permissive_content_security_policy
Abstract
内容安全策略 (CSP) 配置了过于宽松的策略,可能造成安全风险。
Explanation
内容安全策略 (CSP) 是声明性安全标头,使开发人员可以在浏览器中指定允许的安全相关行为,包括可从中检索内容的位置允许列表。它提供额外的安全层以避免重大漏洞,如 Cross-Site Scripting、Clickjacking、Cross-origin Access 等,此外还有输入验证以及代码中的允许列表检验。但配置不恰当的标头无法提供此额外的安全层。该策略是在 15 条指令的帮助下定义的,包括 8 条控制资源访问的指令:script-srcimg-srcobject-srcstyle_srcfont-srcmedia-srcframe-srcconnect-src。这 8 条指令将源列表作为值,该值指定站点可访问的域,以使用该指令涵盖的功能。开发人员可使用通配符 * 表示所有或部分数据源。其他源列表关键字(例如 'unsafe-inline''unsafe-eval')提供了对脚本执行的更精细控制,但可能有害。所有的指令都不是强制性的。浏览器允许对未列出的指令使用所有的数据源,或者允许从可选 default-src 指令中衍生其值。此外,此标头的规范也在不断发展。在 Firefox V23 和 IE V10 以前,它作为 X-Content-Security-Policy 实现,在 Chrome V25 以前,作为 X-Webkit-CSP 实现。这两个名称现在均已弃用,目前使用的标准名称为 Content Security Policy。鉴于指令数、两个弃用的备用名称以及在单个标头中相同标头和重复指令多次出现的处理方式,开发人员很有可能会错误地配置此标头。

在这种情况下,开发人员使用过度宽松的策略配置了 *-src 指令,如 *

例 1:以下 django-csp 设置可设置过度宽松且不安全的 default-src 指令:


...
MIDDLEWARE = (
...
'csp.middleware.CSPMiddleware',
...
)
...
CSP_DEFAULT_SRC = ("'self'", '*')
...
References
[1] Mozilla Content Security Policy
[2] W3C Content Security Policy 2.0
[3] Mozilla django-csp
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.python.html5_overly_permissive_content_security_policy
Abstract
程序会定义过于宽松的跨源资源共享 (CORS) 策略。
Explanation
在 HTML5 以前的版本中,Web 浏览器会强制实施同源策略,以确保在使用 JavaScript 访问 Web 页面内容时,JavaScript 和 Web 页面必须来自同一个域。如果不实施同源策略,恶意网站可能就会使用客户端凭据运行从其他网站加载敏感信息的 JavaScript,并对这些信息进行提炼,然后将其返回给攻击者。如果定义了名为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 的新 HTTP 标头,HTML5 就支持使用 JavaScript 跨域访问数据。通过此标头,Web 服务器可定义允许使用跨源请求访问服务器域的其他域。但是,定义标头时应小心谨慎,如果 CORS 策略过于宽松,恶意应用程序就能趁机采用不当方式与受害者应用程序进行通信,从而导致发生欺骗、数据被盗、转发及其他攻击。

示例 1:以下示例会使用通配符以编程方式指定允许与应用程序进行通信的域。


Response.AppendHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");


* 作为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 头文件的值表明,该应用程序的数据可供在任何域上运行的 JavaScript 访问。
References
[1] W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[2] Enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[3] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[4] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.6 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.semantic.dotnet.html5_overly_permissive_cors_policy
Abstract
程序定义了一个过于宽松的跨域资源共享 (CORS) 策略。
Explanation
在 HTML5 以前的版本中,Web 浏览器会强制实施同源策略,以确保在使用 JavaScript 访问 Web 页面内容时,JavaScript 和 Web 页面必须来自同一个域。如果不实施同源策略,恶意网站可能就会使用客户端凭据运行从其他网站加载敏感信息的 JavaScript,并对这些信息进行提炼,然后将其返回给攻击者。如果定义了名为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 的新 HTTP 标头,HTML5 就支持使用 JavaScript 跨域访问数据。通过此标头,Web 服务器可定义允许使用跨源请求访问服务器域的其他域。但是,定义标头时应小心谨慎,如果 CORS 策略过于宽松,恶意应用程序就能趁机采用不当方式与受害者应用程序进行通信,从而导致发生欺骗、数据被盗、转发及其他攻击。

示例 1:以下示例会使用通配符以编程方式指定允许与应用程序进行通信的域。


<websocket:handlers allowed-origins="*">
<websocket:mapping path="/myHandler" handler="myHandler" />
</websocket:handlers>


使用 * 作为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 标头的值,这表明任何域上运行的 JavaScript 都可以访问应用程序的数据。
References
[1] W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[2] Enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[3] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[4] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.6 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.html5_overly_permissive_cors_policy
Abstract
程序会定义过于宽松的跨源资源共享 (CORS) 策略。
Explanation
在 HTML5 以前的版本中,Web 浏览器会强制实施同源策略,以确保在使用 JavaScript 访问 Web 页面内容时,JavaScript 和 Web 页面必须来自同一个域。如果不实施同源策略,恶意网站可能就会使用客户端凭据运行从其他网站加载敏感信息的 JavaScript,并对这些信息进行提炼,然后将其返回给攻击者。如果定义了名为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 的新 HTTP 标头,HTML5 就支持使用 JavaScript 跨域访问数据。通过此标头,Web 服务器可定义允许使用跨源请求访问服务器域的其他域。但是,定义标头时应小心谨慎,如果 CORS 策略过于宽松,恶意应用程序就能趁机采用不当方式与受害者应用程序进行通信,从而导致发生欺骗、数据被盗、转发及其他攻击。

示例 1:以下示例会使用通配符以编程方式指定允许与应用程序进行通信的域。


<?php
header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *');
?>


* 作为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 头文件的值表明,该应用程序的数据可供在任何域上运行的 JavaScript 访问。
References
[1] W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[2] Enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[3] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[4] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.6 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.semantic.php.html5_overly_permissive_cors_policy
Abstract
程序会定义过于宽松的跨源资源共享 (CORS) 策略。
Explanation
在 HTML5 以前的版本中,Web 浏览器会强制实施同源策略,以确保在使用 JavaScript 访问 Web 页面内容时,JavaScript 和 Web 页面必须来自同一个域。若不采取同源策略,恶意网站便可以使用客户端凭证来运行从其他网站加载敏感信息的 JavaScript,并对这些信息进行提炼,然后将其返回给攻击者。如果定义了名为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 的新 HTTP 标头,HTML5 就支持使用 JavaScript 跨域访问数据。通过此标头,Web 服务器可定义允许使用跨源请求访问服务器域的其他域。但是,定义标头时应小心谨慎,如果 CORS 策略过于宽松,恶意应用程序就能趁机采用不当方式与受害者应用程序进行通信,从而导致发生欺骗、数据被盗、转发及其他攻击。

示例 1:以下示例会使用通配符以编程方式指定允许与应用程序进行通信的域。


response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")


* 用作 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 头文件的值表明该应用程序的数据可供在任何域上运行的 JavaScript 访问。
References
[1] W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[2] Enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[3] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[4] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.6 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.semantic.python.html5_overly_permissive_cors_policy
Abstract
程序会定义过于宽松的跨源资源共享 (CORS) 策略。
Explanation
在 HTML5 以前的版本中,Web 浏览器会强制实施同源策略,以确保在使用 JavaScript 访问 Web 页面内容时,JavaScript 和 Web 页面必须来自同一个域。若不采取同源策略,恶意网站便可以使用客户端凭证来运行从其他网站加载敏感信息的 JavaScript,并对这些信息进行提炼,然后将其返回给攻击者。如果定义了名为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 的新 HTTP 标头,HTML5 就支持使用 JavaScript 跨域访问数据。通过此标头,Web 服务器可定义允许使用跨源请求访问服务器域的其他域。但是,定义标头时应小心谨慎,如果 CORS 策略过于宽松,恶意应用程序就能趁机采用不当方式与受害者应用程序进行通信,从而导致发生欺骗、数据被盗、转发及其他攻击。

示例 1:以下示例会使用通配符指定允许与应用程序进行通信的域。


play.filters.cors {
pathPrefixes = ["/some/path", ...]
allowedOrigins = ["*"]
allowedHttpMethods = ["GET", "POST"]
allowedHttpHeaders = ["Accept"]
preflightMaxAge = 3 days
}


* 用作 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 标头的值表明该应用程序的数据可供在任何域上运行的 JavaScript 访问。
References
[1] W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[2] Enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[3] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[4] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.6 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.semantic.scala.html5_overly_permissive_cors_policy
Abstract
程序会定义过于宽松的跨源资源共享 (CORS) 策略。
Explanation
在 HTML5 以前的版本中,Web 浏览器会强制实施同源策略,以确保在使用 JavaScript 访问 Web 页面内容时,JavaScript 和 Web 页面必须来自同一个域。如果不实施同源策略,恶意网站可能就会使用客户端凭据运行从其他网站加载敏感信息的 JavaScript,并对这些信息进行提炼,然后将其返回给攻击者。如果定义了名为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 的新 HTTP 标头,HTML5 就支持使用 JavaScript 跨域访问数据。通过此标头,Web 服务器可定义允许使用跨源请求访问服务器域的其他域。但是,定义标头时应小心谨慎,如果 CORS 策略过于宽松,恶意应用程序就能趁机采用不当方式与受害者应用程序进行通信,从而导致发生欺骗、数据被盗、转发及其他攻击。

示例 1:以下示例会使用通配符以编程方式指定允许与应用程序进行通信的域。


Response.AddHeader "Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"


* 作为 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 头文件的值表明,该应用程序的数据可供在任何域上运行的 JavaScript 访问。
References
[1] W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[2] Enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[3] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[4] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.3.6 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.semantic.vb.html5_overly_permissive_cors_policy
Abstract
程序发布了目标源过于宽松的跨文档消息。
Explanation
HTML5 的一项新功能是跨文档消息传递。该功能允许脚本将消息发布到其他窗口。用户利用相应的 API 可指定目标窗口的源。不过,指定目标源时应小心谨慎,因为如果目标源过于宽松,恶意脚本就能趁机采用不当方式与受害者窗口进行通信,从而导致发生欺骗、数据被盗、转发及其他攻击。

示例 1:以下示例会使用通配符以编程方式指定要发送的消息的目标源。


WebMessage message = new WebMessage(WEBVIEW_MESSAGE);
webview.postWebMessage(message, Uri.parse("*"));


使用 * 作为目标源的值表示无论源如何,脚本都会将消息发送到窗口。
References
[1] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[2] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
desc.controlflow.java.html5_overly_permissive_message_posting_policy
Abstract
程序发布了目标源过于宽松的跨文档消息。
Explanation
HTML5 的一项新功能是跨文档消息传递。该功能允许脚本将消息发布到其他窗口。用户利用相应的 API 可指定目标窗口的源。不过,指定目标源时应小心谨慎,因为如果目标源过于宽松,恶意脚本就能趁机采用不当方式与受害者窗口进行通信,从而导致发生欺骗、数据被盗、转发及其他攻击。

示例 1:以下示例会使用通配符以编程方式指定要发送的消息的目标源。


o.contentWindow.postMessage(message, '*');


使用 * 作为目标源的值表示无论来源如何,脚本都会将信息发送到窗口。
References
[1] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[2] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
desc.structural.javascript.html5_overly_permissive_message_posting_policy
Abstract
将 Referrer-Policy 标头设置为 Unsafe-URL 可能会导致应用程序向第三方站点暴露敏感站点和用户数据(包括会话标记、用户名和密码)。
Explanation
默认情况下,浏览器不会将包含来自 HTTPS 之请求的引用标头发送到未加密的 HTTP 链接。然而,请求目标若也为 HTTPS,无论来源如何,都将发送标头。开发人员可能会将敏感信息留在 URL 中,这些敏感信息会通过引用标头向第三方站点暴露。Referrer-Policy 标头会被引入,以控制与引用标头相关的浏览器行为。Unsafe-URL 选项会删除所有限制,并随每一个请求发送引用标头。

示例 1:以下代码配置了受 Spring Security 保护的应用程序,以禁用默认的安全引用策略:

<http auto-config="true">
...
<headers>
...
<referrer-policy policy="unsafe-url"/>
</headers>
</http>
References
[1] Referrer-Policy
[2] OWASP OWASP Secure Headers Project
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [24] CWE ID 863
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.config.java.html5_overly_permissive_referrer_policy
Abstract
内容安全策略 (CSP) 在监控模式下完成配置,因而浏览器不会强制实施。
Explanation
内容安全策略 (CSP) 是声明性安全标头,允许开发人员规定站点可从哪些域中加载内容,或呈现在 Web 浏览器中时向哪些域发起连接。它提供额外的安全层以避免重大漏洞,如 Cross-Site Scripting、Clickjacking、Cross-origin Access 等,此外还有输入验证以及检查代码中的允许列表。

Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only 标头可以让 Web 应用程序作者和管理员监控而不是强制实施安全策略。此标头通常用于试验和/或开发站点安全策略。假若策略有效,则可以转而使用 Content-Security-Policy 标头字段强制实施该策略。

示例 1:以下代码在 Report-Only 模式下设置内容安全策略:

<http auto-config="true">
...
<headers>
...
<content-security-policy report-only="true" policy-directives="default-src https://content.cdn.example.com" />
</headers>
</http>
References
[1] Mozilla Content Security Policy
[2] W3C Content Security Policy 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.config.java.html5_unenforced_content_security_policy
Abstract
内容安全策略 (CSP) 在监控模式下完成配置,因而浏览器不会强制实施。
Explanation
内容安全策略 (CSP) 是声明性安全标头,允许开发人员规定站点可从哪些域中加载内容,或呈现在 Web 浏览器中时向哪些域发起连接。除了输入验证以及检查代码中的允许列表,它还提供额外的安全层以避免重大漏洞,如 Cross-Site Scripting、Clickjacking、Cross-origin Access 等。

Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only 标头可以让 Web 应用程序作者和管理员监控而不是强制实施安全策略。此标头通常用于试验和/或开发站点安全策略。假若策略有效,则可以转而使用 Content-Security-Policy 标头强制实施该策略。

示例 1:以下代码将内容安全策略设置为 Report-Only 模式:

response.content_security_policy_report_only = "*"
References
[1] OWASP Content Security Policy
[2] W3C Content Security Policy 1.1
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.python.html5_unenforced_content_security_policy
Abstract
如果在 URL 中加入未验证的输入,可能会让攻击者重写请求参数的值。攻击者可能会重写现有的参数值、注入新的参数或利用直接得到的变量。
Explanation
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) 攻击包含将编码的查询字符串分隔符注入其他现有的参数中。如果 Web 应用程序没有正确地检查用户输入,恶意用户可能会破坏应用程序的逻辑,进行客户端侧或服务器侧攻击。如果再向 Web 应用程序提交参数,并且如果这些参数与现有参数的名称相同,则 Web 应用程序可能会有下列一种反应:

它可能只从第一个参数中提取数据
它可能从最后一个参数中提取数据
它可能从所有参数中提取数据并把它们连接起来


例如:
- ASP.NET/IIS 使用所有情况下出现的参数
- Apache Tomcat 仅使用第一次出现的参数并忽略其他参数
- mod_perl/Apache 将值转换为值数组

示例 1:根据应用程序服务器和应用程序自身的逻辑,下列请求可能造成与身份验证系统的混淆,使攻击者能模拟别的用户。
http://www.server.com/login.aspx?name=alice&name=hacker

示例 2:下列代码使用来自于 HTTP 请求的输入来呈现两个超链接。

...
String lang = Request.Form["lang"];
WebClient client = new WebClient();
client.BaseAddress = url;
NameValueCollection myQueryStringCollection = new NameValueCollection();
myQueryStringCollection.Add("q", lang);
client.QueryString = myQueryStringCollection;
Stream data = client.OpenRead(url);
...


URL: http://www.host.com/election.aspx?poll_id=4567
链接 1:<a href="http://www.host.com/vote.aspx?poll_id=4567&lang=en">英语<a>
链接 2:<a href="http://www.host.com/vote.aspx?poll_id=4567&lang=es">西班牙语<a>

程序员尚未考虑下面这种可能性:攻击者可能会提供一个 lang(例如 en&poll_id=1),然后攻击者可以随意更改该 poll_id
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.dotnet.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
如果在 URL 中加入未验证的输入,可能会让攻击者重写请求参数的值。攻击者可能会重写现有的参数值、注入新的参数或利用直接得到的变量。
Explanation
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) 攻击包含将编码的查询字符串分隔符注入其他现有的参数中。如果 Web 应用程序没有正确地检查用户输入,恶意用户可能会破坏应用程序的逻辑,进行客户端侧或服务器侧攻击。如果再向 Web 应用程序提交参数,并且如果这些参数与现有参数的名称相同,则 Web 应用程序可能会有下列一种反应:

它可能只从第一个参数中提取数据
它可能从最后一个参数中提取数据
它可能从所有参数中提取数据并把它们连接起来


例如:
- ASP.NET/IIS 使用所有情况下出现的参数
- Apache Tomcat 仅使用第一次出现的参数并忽略其他参数
- mod_perl/Apache 将值转换为值数组

例 1:根据应用程序服务器和应用程序自身的逻辑,下列请求可能造成与身份验证系统的混淆,使攻击者能模拟别的用户。
http://www.example.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

例 2:下列代码使用来自于 HTTP 请求的输入来呈现两个超链接。

...
String lang = request.getParameter("lang");
GetMethod get = new GetMethod("http://www.example.com");
get.setQueryString("lang=" + lang + "&poll_id=" + poll_id);
get.execute();
...


URL:http://www.example.com?poll_id=4567
链接 1:<a href="001">英语<a>
链接 2:<a href="002">西班牙语<a>

程序员尚未考虑下面这种可能性:攻击者可能会提供一个 lang(例如 en&poll_id=1),然后攻击者将可以随意更改该 poll_id
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
如果在 URL 中加入未验证的输入,可能会让攻击者重写请求参数的值。攻击者可能会重写现有的参数值、注入新的参数或利用直接得到的变量。
Explanation
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) 攻击包含将编码的查询字符串分隔符注入其他现有的参数中。如果 Web 应用程序没有正确地检查用户输入,恶意用户可能会破坏应用程序的逻辑,进行客户端侧或服务器侧攻击。如果再向 Web 应用程序提交参数,并且如果这些参数与现有参数的名称相同,则 Web 应用程序可能会有下列一种反应:

它可能只从第一个参数中提取数据
它可能从最后一个参数中提取数据
它可能从所有参数中提取数据并把它们连接起来


例如:
- ASP.NET/IIS 使用所有情况下出现的参数
- Apache Tomcat 仅使用第一次出现的参数并忽略其他参数
- mod_perl/Apache 将值转换为值数组

例 1:根据应用程序服务器和应用程序自身的逻辑,下列请求可能造成与身份验证系统的混淆,使攻击者能模拟别的用户。
http://www.server.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

例 2:下列代码使用来自于 HTTP 请求的输入来呈现两个超链接。


<%
...
$id = $_GET["id"];
header("Location: http://www.host.com/election.php?poll_id=" . $id);
...
%>


URL: http://www.host.com/election.php?poll_id=4567
链接 1: <a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=white">White 先生的投票<a>
链接 2: <a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green">Green 女士的投票<a>

程序员没有考虑到攻击者可能提供 poll_id(例如“4567&candidate=green”)的可能性,届时得到的页面中将包含以下注入链接,因此,Green 女士将始终投票选择捡出第一个参数的应用程序服务器。
<a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green&candidate=white">White 先生的投票<a>
<a href="vote.php?poll_id=4567&candidate=green&candidate=green">Green 女士的投票<a>
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.php.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
如果在 URL 中加入未验证的输入,可能会让攻击者重写请求参数的值。攻击者可能会重写现有的参数值、注入新的参数或利用直接得到的变量。
Explanation
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) 攻击包含将编码的查询字符串分隔符注入其他现有的参数中。如果 Web 应用程序没有正确地检查用户输入,恶意用户可能会破坏应用程序的逻辑,进行客户端侧或服务器侧攻击。如果再向 Web 应用程序提交参数,并且如果这些参数与现有参数的名称相同,则 Web 应用程序可能会有下列一种反应:

它可能只从第一个参数中提取数据。
它可能从最后一个参数中提取数据。
它可能从所有参数中提取数据并把它们连接起来。


例如:
- ASP.NET/IIS 使用所有情况下出现的参数
- Apache Tomcat 仅使用第一次出现的参数并忽略其他参数
- mod_perl/Apache 将值转换为值数组

例 1:根据应用程序服务器和应用程序自身的逻辑,下列请求可能造成与身份验证系统的混淆,使攻击者能模拟别的用户。
http://www.server.com/login.php?name=alice&name=hacker

因为这表明,攻击者已经指定了 name=alice,但他们添加了额外的 name=alice&,如果在提取第一个匹配项的服务器上使用它,那么它可能会模仿 alice 以便获取有关她的帐户的详细信息。
References
[1] HTTP Parameter Pollution Luca Carettoni, Independent Researcher & Stefano Di Paola, MindedSecurity
[2] HTTP Parameter Pollution Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Marco `embyte’ Balduzzi
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 235
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.1.1 Input Validation Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.3 General Data Protection (L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.ruby.http_parameter_pollution
Abstract
指定 HTTP 谓词的安全限制授予的访问权限往往超出预期。
Explanation
在以下情况下,可以通过 HTTP Verb Tampering 攻击绕过应用程序身份验证和授权机制:
1) 使用列出 HTTP 谓词的安全控制。
2) 安全控制无法阻止未列出的谓词。
3) 应用程序根据 GET 请求或其他任意 HTTP 谓词更新其状态。



以下配置容易受到 HTTP Verb Tampering 攻击:

<authorization>
<allow verbs="GET,POST" users="admin"/>
<deny verbs="GET,POST"users="*" />
</authorization>

默认情况下,.NET 框架允许所有 HTTP 命令,因此,即使该配置拒绝对所有用户发出 GET 和 POST 请求,它也不会阻止 HEAD 请求。而这可能会使攻击者使用 HEAD 请求替换 GET 或 POST 请求,从而执行管理功能。换句话说,此代码满足上述条件 1 和 2。要使 HEAD 请求能够执行管理功能,所要做的只有让应用程序根据使用 POST 以外命令的请求来执行命令。

本质上而言,此漏洞是尝试创建拒绝列表(指定不允许用户执行的操作的策略)导致的结果。拒绝列表很少能达到预期效果。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 288, CWE ID 302
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287, [25] CWE ID 306
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API5 Broken Function Level Authorization
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.config.dotnet.http_verb_tampering
Abstract
指定 HTTP 谓词的安全限制授予的访问权限往往超出预期。
Explanation
在以下情况下,可以通过 HTTP Verb Tampering 攻击绕过应用程序身份验证和授权机制:
1) 使用列出 HTTP 谓词的安全控制。
2) 安全控制无法阻止未列出的谓词。
3) 应用程序根据 GET 请求或其他任意 HTTP 谓词更新其状态。



大多数 Java EE 实现允许配置中未明确列出的 HTTP 方法。例如,以下安全限制适用于 HTTP GET 方法,但不适用于其他 HTTP 谓词:


<security-constraint>
<display-name>Admin Constraint</display-name>
<web-resource-collection>
<web-resource-name>Admin Area</web-resource-name>
<url-pattern>/pages/index.jsp</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/admin/*.do</url-pattern>
<http-method>GET</http-method>
<http-method>POST</http-method>
</web-resource-collection>
<auth-constraint>
<description>only admin</description>
<role-name>admin</role-name>
</auth-constraint>
</security-constraint>


因为此配置的 <http-method> 标签中未明确定义 HEAD 这一类谓词,或许可以通过将 GET 或 POST 请求替换为 HEAD 请求来执行管理功能。为使 HEAD 请求执行管理功能,必须满足条件 3 - 应用程序必须根据 POST 以外的谓词来执行命令。部分 Web/应用程序服务器将接受任意非标准 HTTP 谓词并像收到 GET 请求一样做出响应。如果出现这种情况,攻击者将可以在请求中使用任意谓词查看管理页面。

例如,客户端 GET 请求通常如下所示:

GET /admin/viewUsers.do HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com


在 HTTP Verb Tampering 攻击中,攻击者会将 GET 替换为 FOO 一类请求

FOO /admin/viewUsers.do HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com


本质上而言,此漏洞是尝试创建拒绝列表(指定不允许用户执行的操作的策略)导致的结果。拒绝列表很少能达到预期效果。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 288, CWE ID 302
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287, [25] CWE ID 306
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API5 Broken Function Level Authorization
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.config.java.http_verb_tampering
Abstract
该类被注释为不可改变,但字段发生了转变。
Explanation
此类带有来自 JCIP 注释包的“不可变”注释。然而,该类的可变字段之一具有在构造函数和析构函数之外对其进行调用的变化的方法。

示例 1:不可变最终类的下列代码将集声明为 privatefinal,然后错误地创建了改变集的方法。


@Immutable
public final class ThreeStooges {
private final Set stooges = new HashSet>();
...

public void addStooge(String name) {
stooges.add(name);
}
...
}
References
[1] B. Goetz Java Concurrency in Practice. Chapter 3: Sharing Objects Guidelines
[2] Package net.jcip.annotations Specification
[3] MUTABLE-1: Prefer immutability for value types Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 471
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[8] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
desc.structural.java.immutable_field_mutation
Abstract
该类被注释为不可变,但是字段并非 final
Explanation
此类带有来自 JCIP 注释包的 Immutable 注释。非最终字段允许更改值,从而违反了类的不可变性。

例 1:不可变最终类的下列代码错误地将字段声明为 public 和非 final


@Immutable
public class ImmutableInteger {
public int value;

}
References
[1] B. Goetz Java Concurrency in Practice. Chapter 3: Sharing Objects Guidelines
[2] Package net.jcip.annotations Specification
[3] OBJ58-J. Limit the extensibility of classes and methods with invariants CERT
[4] MUTABLE-1: Prefer immutability for value types Oracle
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 471
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
desc.structural.java.immutable_non_final_fields
Abstract
该类被注释为不可变,但是字段可变。
Explanation
此类带有来自 JCIP 注释包的“不可变”注释。可变类型的公共字段允许类的外部代码修改该类的内容和违反其不可变性。

例 1:不可变最终类的下列代码错误地将集声明为 publicfinal


@Immutable
public final class ThreeStooges {
public final Set stooges = new HashSet();
...
}
References
[1] B. Goetz Java Concurrency in Practice. Chapter 3: Sharing Objects Guidelines
[2] Package net.jcip.annotations Specification
[3] MUTABLE-1: Prefer immutability for value types Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 471
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[8] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
desc.structural.java.immutable_public_mutable_fields
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


FORM GenerateReceiptURL CHANGING baseUrl TYPE string.
DATA: r TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i,
var3 TYPE n.


GET TIME.
var1 = sy-uzeit.
r = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = var1 ).
r->int31( RECEIVING value = var2 ).
var3 = var2.
CONCATENATE baseUrl var3 ".html" INTO baseUrl.
ENDFORM.


这段代码使用 CL_ABAP_RANDOM->INT31 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 CL_ABAP_RANDOM 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.abap.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


string GenerateReceiptURL(string baseUrl) {
Random Gen = new Random();
return (baseUrl + Gen.Next().toString() + ".html");
}


这段代码使用 Random.Next() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 Random.Next() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] RandomNumberGenerator Class Microsoft
[2] System.Security.Cryptography Namespace Microsoft
[3] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.dotnet.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能产生可预测数值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它就很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则可能会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


char* CreateReceiptURL() {
int num;
time_t t1;
char *URL = (char*) malloc(MAX_URL);
if (URL) {
(void) time(&t1);
srand48((long) t1); /* use time to set seed */
sprintf(URL, "%s%d%s", "http://test.com/", lrand48(), ".html");
}
return URL;
}


这段代码使用 lrand48() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 lrand48() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器,就会更安全些。
References
[1] B. Schneier Yarrow: A secure pseudorandom number generator
[2] CryptLib
[3] Crypto++
[4] BeeCrypt
[5] OpenSSL
[6] CryptoAPI: CryptGenRandom() Microsoft
[7] RtlGenRandom() Microsoft
[8] .NET System.Security.Cryptography: Random Number Generation Microsoft
[9] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[10] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[11] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[12] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[15] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[19] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。


电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


<cfoutput>
Receipt: #baseUrl##Rand()#.cfm
</cfoutput>


这段代码使用 Rand() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 Rand() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] ColdFusion Java CFX Reference Adobe
[2] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[3] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cfml.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机性数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

计算机是一种具有确定性的机器,因此无法产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性。但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:以下代码使用统计学的 PRNG 来创建 RSA 密钥。


import "math/rand"
...
var mathRand = rand.New(rand.NewSource(1))
rsa.GenerateKey(mathRand, 2048)


该代码使用 rand.New() 函数生成 RSA 密钥的随机性。由于 rand.New() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的值。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.golang.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


String GenerateReceiptURL(String baseUrl) {
Random ranGen = new Random();
ranGen.setSeed((new Date()).getTime());
return (baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000) + ".html");
}


这段代码使用 Random.nextInt() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 Random.nextInt() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


function genReceiptURL (baseURL){
var randNum = Math.random();
var receiptURL = baseURL + randNum + ".html";
return receiptURL;
}


这段代码使用 Math.random() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 Math.random() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Crypto | Node.js documentation The OpenJS Foundation and Node.js contributors
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.javascript.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机性数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

计算机是一种具有确定性的机器,因此无法产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


fun GenerateReceiptURL(baseUrl: String): String {
val ranGen = Random(Date().getTime())
return baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000).toString() + ".html"
}


这段代码使用 Random.nextInt() 函数为它所生成的收据页面生成独特的标识符。由于 Random.nextInt() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.kotlin.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


function genReceiptURL($baseURL) {
$randNum = rand();
$receiptURL = $baseURL . $randNum . ".html";
return $receiptURL;
}


这段代码使用 rand() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 rand() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能产生可预测数值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它就很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则可能会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION CREATE_RECEIPT_URL
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
rnum VARCHAR2(48);
time TIMESTAMP;
url VARCHAR2(MAX_URL)
BEGIN
time := SYSTIMESTAMP;
DBMS_RANDOM.SEED(time);
rnum := DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('x', 48);
url := 'http://test.com/' || rnum || '.html';
RETURN url;
END


这段代码使用 DBMS_RANDOM.SEED() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 DBMS_RANDOM.SEED() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器,就会更安全些。
References
[1] Oracle Database Security Guide
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.sql.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


def genReceiptURL(self,baseURL):
randNum = random.random()
receiptURL = baseURL + randNum + ".html"
return receiptURL


这段代码使用 rand() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 rand() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.python.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


def generateReceiptURL(baseUrl) {
randNum = rand(400000000)
return ("#{baseUrl}#{randNum}.html");
}


这段代码使用 Kernel.rand() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 Kernel.rand() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


def GenerateReceiptURL(baseUrl : String) : String {
val ranGen = new scala.util.Random()
ranGen.setSeed((new Date()).getTime())
return (baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000) + ".html")
}


这段代码使用 Random.nextInt() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 Random.nextInt() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.scala.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机性数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

计算机是一种具有确定性的机器,因此无法产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它就很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则可能会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:以下代码使用统计学的 PRNG 创建用作重置密码令牌的随机值。


sqlite3_randomness(10, &reset_token)
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.swift.insecure_randomness
Abstract
标准的伪随机数值生成器不能抵挡各种加密攻击。
Explanation
在对安全性要求较高的环境中,使用能够生成可预测值的函数作为随机数据源,会产生 Insecure Randomness 错误。

电脑是一种具有确定性的机器,因此不可能产生真正的随机性。伪随机数生成器 (PRNG) 近似于随机算法,始于一个能计算后续数值的种子。

PRNG 包括两种类型:统计学的 PRNG 和密码学的 PRNG。统计学的 PRNG 提供很多有用的统计属性,但其输出结果很容易预测,因此容易复制数值流。在安全性所依赖的生成值不可预测的情况下,这种类型并不适用。密码学的 PRNG 生成的输出结果较难预测,可解决这一问题。为保证值的加密安全性,必须使攻击者根本无法、或几乎不可能鉴别生成的随机值和真正的随机值。通常情况下,如果并未声明 PRNG 算法带有加密保护,那么它很可能就是统计学的 PRNG,因此不应在对安全性要求较高的环境中使用,否则会导致严重的漏洞(如易于猜测的密码、可预测的加密密钥、Session Hijacking 和 DNS Spoofing)。

示例 1:下面的代码可利用统计学的 PRNG 为购买产品后仍在有效期内的收据创建一个 URL。


...
Function genReceiptURL(baseURL)
dim randNum
randNum = Rnd()
genReceiptURL = baseURL & randNum & ".html"
End Function
...


这段代码使用 Rnd() 函数为它生成的收据页面生成“唯一”的标识符。由于 Rnd() 是统计学的 PRNG,攻击者很容易猜到其生成的字符串。尽管收据系统的底层设计并不完善,但若使用不会生成可预测收据标识符的随机数生成器(如密码学的 PRNG),就会更安全些。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] CryptoAPI: CryptGenRandom() Microsoft
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.vb.insecure_randomness
Abstract
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。如果伪随机数值生成器(如 CL_ABAP_RANDOM 类或其变体)使用特定常数值作为种子,则通过 GET_NEXTINT 和通过可返回或分配值的类似方法返回的值对可以收集大量 PRNG 输出的攻击者来说是可预测的。

示例 1:在以下摘录的代码中,可以通过对象 random_gen1 来预测对象 random_gen2 生成的值。


DATA: random_gen1 TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
random_gen2 TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i.

random_gen1 = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = '1234' ).

DO 10 TIMES.
CALL METHOD random_gen1->int
RECEIVING
value = var1.

WRITE:/ var1.
ENDDO.

random_gen2 = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = '1234' ).

DO 10 TIMES.
CALL METHOD random_gen2->int
RECEIVING
value = var2.

WRITE:/ var2.
ENDDO.


在此示例中,伪随机数值生成器:random_gen1random_gen2 设置了相同的种子,因此 var1 = var2
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.abap.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。如果伪随机数值生成器(如 rand())使用特定值作为种子(使用类似 srand(unsigned int) 的函数),则通过 rand() 和通过可返回或分配值的类似方法返回的值对可以收集一定数量 PRNG 输出的攻击者来说是可预测的。

示例 1:伪随机数生成器生成的值在前两个块中是可预测的,因为这两个块以同一种子开始。


srand(2223333);
float randomNum = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum);
randomNum = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum);

srand(2223333);
float randomNum2 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum2);
randomNum2 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum2);

srand(1231234);
float randomNum3 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum3);
randomNum3 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum3);


在此例子中,randomNum1randomNum2 的结果设置相同的种子,因此在为伪随机数值生成器 srand(2223333) 设置种子的调用后,对 rand() 的每次调用都将会以相同的调用顺序产生相同的输出。例如,输出可能与以下内容相似:


Random: 32.00
Random: 73.00
Random: 32.00
Random: 73.00
Random: 15.00
Random: 75.00


这些结果并不是随机的。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。如果伪随机数值生成器 (PRNG) 使用特定值作为种子(使用诸如 math.Rand.New(Source) 的函数),则通过 math.Rand.Int() 和通过可返回或分配值的类似方法返回的值对可以收集大量 PRNG 输出的攻击者来说是可预测的。

示例 1:伪随机数生成器生成的值在前两个块中是可预测的,因为这两个块以同一种子开始。


randomGen := rand.New(rand.NewSource(12345))
randomInt1 := randomGen.nextInt()

randomGen.Seed(12345)
randomInt2 := randomGen.nextInt()


在此示例中,PRNG 设置了相同的种子,因此在为伪随机数值生成器 (randomGen.Seed(12345)) 设置种子的调用之后,每次调用 nextInt() 都会产生相同的输出和顺序。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[3] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.golang.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。如果伪随机数值生成器(如 Random)使用特定值作为种子(使用诸如 Random.setSeed() 的函数),则通过 Random.nextInt() 和通过可返回或分配值的类似方法返回的值对可以收集大量 PRNG 输出的攻击者来说是可预测的。

示例 1:可以通过 Random 对象 randomGen1 来预测 Random 对象 randomGen2 生成的值。


Random randomGen1 = new Random();
randomGen1.setSeed(12345);
int randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt();
byte[] bytes1 = new byte[4];
randomGen1.nextBytes(bytes1);

Random randomGen2 = new Random();
randomGen2.setSeed(12345);
int randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt();
byte[] bytes2 = new byte[4];
randomGen2.nextBytes(bytes2);


在此示例中,伪随机数值生成器:randomGen1randomGen2 设置了相同的种子,因此 randomInt1 == randomInt2,且数组 bytes1[]bytes2[] 的相应值是相等的。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。如果伪随机数值生成器(如 Random)使用特定值作为种子(使用诸如 Random(Int) 的函数),则通过 Random.nextInt() 和通过可返回或分配值的类似方法返回的值对可以收集大量 PRNG 输出的攻击者来说是可预测的。

示例 1:可以通过 Random 对象 randomGen1 来预测 Random 对象 randomGen2 生成的值。


val randomGen1 = Random(12345)
val randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt()
val byteArray1 = ByteArray(4)
randomGen1.nextBytes(byteArray1)

val randomGen2 = Random(12345)
val randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt()
val byteArray2 = ByteArray(4)
randomGen2.nextBytes(byteArray2)


在此示例中,伪随机数值生成器:randomGen1randomGen2 设置了相同的种子,因此 randomInt1 == randomInt2,且数组 byteArray1byteArray2 的相应值是相等的。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.kotlin.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递种子的函数不应使用常量整数参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成伪随机值的传递种子的函数不应使用常量整数参数进行调用。如果伪随机数生成器使用特定值作为种子,则返回的值可预测。

示例 1:伪随机数生成器生成的值在前两个块中是可预测的,因为这两个块以同一种子开始。


...
import random
random.seed(123456)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)

random.seed(123456)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
...


在此示例中,PRNG 设置了相同的种子,因此,在为伪随机数生成器 (random.seed(123456)) 设置种子的调用后,对 randint() 的每次调用都将会导致按相同的顺序显示相同的输出。例如,输出可能与以下内容相似:


Random: 81
Random: 80
Random: 3
Random: 81
Random: 80
Random: 3


这些结果并不是随机的。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.python.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用常量参数进行调用。如果伪随机数值生成器(如 Random)使用特定值作为种子(使用诸如 Random.setSeed() 的函数),则通过 Random.nextInt() 和通过可返回或分配值的类似方法返回的值对可以收集大量 PRNG 输出的攻击者来说是可预测的。

示例 1:可以通过 Random 对象 randomGen1 来预测 Random 对象 randomGen2 生成的值。


val randomGen1 = new Random()
randomGen1.setSeed(12345)
val randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt()
val bytes1 = new byte[4]
randomGen1.nextBytes(bytes1)

val randomGen2 = new Random()
randomGen2.setSeed(12345)
val randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt()
val bytes2 = new byte[4]
randomGen2.nextBytes(bytes2)


在此示例中,伪随机数值生成器:randomGen1randomGen2 设置了相同的种子,因此 randomInt1 == randomInt2,且数组 bytes1[]bytes2[] 的相应值是相等的。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.scala.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
生成了随机或伪随机值并传递了种子的函数不应使用受污染参数进行调用。
Explanation
CL_ABAP_RANDOM(或其变体)不应使用受污染参数进行初始化。这样做可使攻击者控制作为伪随机数值生成器种子的值,因此能够预测由调用方法产生的值的顺序,这些方法包括但不限于: GET_NEXT, INT, FLOAT, PACKED.
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.abap.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
生成了随机或伪随机值并传递了种子的函数不应使用受污染参数进行调用。
Explanation
对于生成了传递了种子(如 rand())的随机或伪随机值(如 srand())的函数,不应该使用受污染的参数进行调用。这样做可使攻击者控制作为伪随机数值生成器种子的值,因此能够预测由调用随机数值生成器产生的值(通常为整数)的顺序。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.cpp.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
可生成随机或伪随机值的传递了种子的函数不应使用受污染参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成伪随机数值的函数(如 ed25519.NewKeyFromSeed())不应使用受污染参数进行调用。这样做可使攻击者控制作为伪随机数值生成器种子的值,然后可以预测由调用伪随机数值生成器产生的值的顺序。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.golang.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
生成了随机或伪随机值并传递了种子的函数不应使用受污染整数参数进行调用。
Explanation
Random.setSeed() 不应使用受污染的整数参数进行调用。这样做可使攻击者控制作为伪随机数值生成器种子的值,因此能够预测由调用 Random.nextInt()Random.nextShort()Random.nextLong() 产生的、或 Random.nextBoolean() 返回的、或在 Random.nextBytes(byte[]) 中设置的值(通常为整数)的顺序。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[5] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[6] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.java.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
生成了随机或伪随机值并传递了种子的函数不应使用受污染整数参数进行调用。
Explanation
Random.setSeed() 不应使用受污染的整数参数进行调用。这样做可使攻击者控制作为伪随机数值生成器种子的值,因此能够预测由调用 Random.nextInt()Random.nextLong()Random.nextDouble() 产生的、或 Random.nextBoolean() 返回的、或在 Random.nextBytes(ByteArray) 中设置的值(通常为整数)的顺序。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[5] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[6] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.kotlin.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
生成了随机或伪随机值并传递了种子的函数不应使用受污染参数进行调用。
Explanation
可生成伪随机值的函数(如 random.randint());不应使用受污染参数进行调用。否则攻击者可以控制用作伪随机数生成器种子的值,从而能够预测由伪随机数生成器调用产生的值(通常为整数)的顺序。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.python.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
生成了随机或伪随机值并传递了种子的函数不应使用受污染整数参数进行调用。
Explanation
Random.setSeed() 不应使用受污染的整数参数进行调用。这样做可使攻击者控制作为伪随机数值生成器种子的值,因此能够预测由调用 Random.nextInt()Random.nextShort()Random.nextLong() 产生的、或 Random.nextBoolean() 返回的、或在 Random.nextBytes(byte[]) 中设置的值(通常为整数)的顺序。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[5] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[6] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.scala.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed