界: Environment
本節包括原始程式碼之外的所有內容，但對於建立中產品的安全性仍至關重要。由於此領域所涵蓋的問題與原始程式碼沒有直接關係，因此我們將其與其他領域分開。
Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Improper Functions CORS Policy
Abstract
組態設定了過度允許的 CORS 原則。
Explanation
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)，是一種允許網域為其資源定義原則，讓託管在不同網域上的網頁存取其資源的技術。根據過去經驗，網頁瀏覽器已限制其網域資源不得由不同網域載入的指令碼所存取，以遵守相同來源原則。
CORS 為網域提供了一種將其他網域加入安全名單並允許它們存取其資源的方法。
定義 CORS 原則時務必小心，因為在伺服器層級為網域或網域上的目錄所設定的原則若過度允許，公開給跨網域存取的內容可能會高於預期。CORS 可能使惡意應用程式與受害應用程式進行不當通訊，進而導致資訊外洩、詐騙、資料竊取、轉送或其他攻擊。
實作 CORS 可能增加應用程式的受攻擊面，所以僅在必要時才應使用。
CORS 為網域提供了一種將其他網域加入安全名單並允許它們存取其資源的方法。
定義 CORS 原則時務必小心，因為在伺服器層級為網域或網域上的目錄所設定的原則若過度允許，公開給跨網域存取的內容可能會高於預期。CORS 可能使惡意應用程式與受害應用程式進行不當通訊，進而導致資訊外洩、詐騙、資料竊取、轉送或其他攻擊。
實作 CORS 可能增加應用程式的受攻擊面，所以僅在必要時才應使用。
References
[1] W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
[2] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security
[3] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards
[4] James Kettle Exploiting CORS misconfigurations for Bitcoins and bounties
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_improper_cors_policy.base