界: Encapsulation
封裝是要劃定清楚的界限。在網頁瀏覽器中，這可能意味著確保您的行動程式碼不會被其他行動程式碼濫用。在伺服器上，這可能意味著區分經過驗證的資料與未經驗證的資料、區分一個使用者的資料與另一個使用者的資料，或區分允許使用者查看的資料與不允許查看的資料。
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking
Abstract
伺服器無法在有效接受跨網域要求的同時驗證要求來源，攻擊者可能使用這些要求來劫持雙向 WebSocket 連線。
Explanation
當使用者受騙而造訪了惡意網站，該惡意網站將會與合法後端伺服器建立 WebSocket 連線時，Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking 便會發生。用於要求伺服器升級至 WebSocket 通訊協定的初始 HTTP 要求是一般的 HTTP 要求，因此瀏覽器將會傳送任何繫結至目標網域的 Cookie (包括任何階段作業 Cookie)。如果伺服器無法驗證
Origin 表頭，將會允許任何惡意網站模擬使用者，並在使用者甚至無法注意到的情況下，建立雙向 WebSocket 連線。References
[1] Christian Schneider Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 352
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [9] CWE ID 352
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [9] CWE ID 352
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [9] CWE ID 352
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [9] CWE ID 352
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [9] CWE ID 352
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-001941, CCI-001942
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), SC-23 Session Authenticity, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 4.2.2 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 13.2.3 RESTful Web Service Verification Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A5 Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A5 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A8 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.5
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.9
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3585 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3585 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3585 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3585 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3585 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3585 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3585 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Request Forgery (WASC-09)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Request Forgery
desc.semantic.dotnet.cross_site_websocket_hijacking
Abstract
伺服器無法驗證要求的來源，因此會接受跨網域要求，攻擊者可能使用這些要求來劫持雙向 WebSocket 連線。
Explanation
當使用者受騙而造訪了惡意網站，該惡意網站將會與合法後端伺服器建立 WebSocket 連線時，Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking 便會發生。用於要求伺服器升級至 WebSocket 通訊協定的初始 HTTP 要求是一般的 HTTP 要求，因此瀏覽器將會傳送任何繫結至目標網域的 Cookie (包括任何階段作業 Cookie)。如果伺服器無法驗證
Origin 表頭，將會允許任何惡意網站模擬使用者，並在使用者甚至無法注意到的情況下，建立雙向 WebSocket 連線。References
[1] Christian Schneider Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 352
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [9] CWE ID 352
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [9] CWE ID 352
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [9] CWE ID 352
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [9] CWE ID 352
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [9] CWE ID 352
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001310, CCI-001941, CCI-001942
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1), SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), SC-23 Session Authenticity, SI-10 Information Input Validation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 4.2.2 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 13.2.3 RESTful Web Service Verification Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A5 Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A5 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A8 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.5
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.9
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.9
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 352
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3585 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3585 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3585 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3585 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3585 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3585 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3585 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Cross-Site Request Forgery (WASC-09)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Cross-Site Request Forgery
desc.semantic.java.cross_site_websocket_hijacking