界: API Abuse

API 就像是呼叫者與被呼叫者之間簽訂的規定。最常見的 API 濫用形式是由呼叫者這一當事方未能遵守此規定所造成的。例如，如果程式在呼叫 chroot() 後無法呼叫 chdir()，即違反規範如何以安全方式變更使用中根目錄的規定。程式庫濫用的另一個好例子是期待被呼叫者向呼叫者傳回值得信賴的 DNS 資訊。在這種情況下，呼叫者是透過對其行為做出某些假設 (傳回值可用於驗證目的) 來濫用被呼叫者 API。另一方也可能違反呼叫者與被呼叫者間的規定。例如，如果編碼器衍生出子類別 SecureRandom 並傳回一個非隨機值，則違反了規定。

Heap Inspection: Swappable Memory

C/C++

Abstract

請勿使用 VirtualLock 來鎖定包含敏感資料的頁面。此函數並不是隨時都可執行的。

Explanation

當敏感資料 (如密碼或密鑰) 沒有從記憶體中刪除而被駭客看到的時候，就會產生 Heap Inspection 弱點。

VirtualLock 函數是用來鎖住記憶體的頁面，以防止在磁碟中被分頁。然而，在 Windows 95/98/ME 作業系統裡，這個函數是不能完整執行的，而且沒有任何影響。

References

[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0

[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 591

[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199

[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP

[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography

[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II

[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)

[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage

desc.semantic.cpp.heap_inspection_swappable_memory