界: Encapsulation

封裝是要劃定清楚的界限。在網頁瀏覽器中,這可能意味著確保您的行動程式碼不會被其他行動程式碼濫用。在伺服器上,這可能意味著區分經過驗證的資料與未經驗證的資料、區分一個使用者的資料與另一個使用者的資料,或區分允許使用者查看的資料與不允許查看的資料。

Insecure Storage: Android External Storage

Abstract
程式會將資料寫入 Android 裝置的外部儲存裝置。
Explanation
使用者在電腦上啟用 USB 高容量儲存裝置來傳輸檔案時,使用者可任意讀取或修改儲存在外部儲存裝置的檔案。另外,即使解除安裝寫入檔案的的應用程式,外部儲存裝置上仍會保留這些檔案。這些限制會危及寫入儲存裝置的敏感資訊,或是讓攻擊者修改程式依賴的外部檔案,將惡意資料插入程式中。

範例 1:在以下程式碼中,Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() 會將參照傳回 Android 裝置的外部儲存裝置。

 private void WriteToFile(String what_to_write) {
try{
File root = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
if(root.canWrite()) {
File dir = new File(root + "write_to_the_SDcard");
File datafile = new File(dir, number + ".extension");
FileWriter datawriter = new FileWriter(datafile);
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(datawriter);
out.write(what_to_write);
out.close();
}
}
}
References
[1] Data Storage
[2] Paul McNamara Latest 'lost' laptop holds treasure-trove of unencrypted ATT payroll data Network World
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 276, CWE ID 313, CWE ID 359, CWE ID 921
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [19] CWE ID 276, [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [20] CWE ID 276
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [25] CWE ID 276
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[15] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.1.1 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.2 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.1.3 Data Classification (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M9 Insecure Data Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.semantic.java.insecure_storage_android_external_storage