界: API Abuse

API 就像是呼叫者與被呼叫者之間簽訂的規定。最常見的 API 濫用形式是由呼叫者這一當事方未能遵守此規定所造成的。例如，如果程式在呼叫 chroot() 後無法呼叫 chdir()，即違反規範如何以安全方式變更使用中根目錄的規定。程式庫濫用的另一個好例子是期待被呼叫者向呼叫者傳回值得信賴的 DNS 資訊。在這種情況下，呼叫者是透過對其行為做出某些假設 (傳回值可用於驗證目的) 來濫用被呼叫者 API。另一方也可能違反呼叫者與被呼叫者間的規定。例如，如果編碼器衍生出子類別 SecureRandom 並傳回一個非隨機值，則違反了規定。

Kubernetes Misconfiguration: Weak etcd SSL Certificate

YAML

Abstract

etcd 執行個體會接受來自使用自行簽署憑證之用戶端的 TLS 連線。

Explanation

Kubernetes 將敏感資料保存在 etcd 叢集中。因此，每個 etcd 執行個體都應該僅接受來自已驗證且獲授權之用戶端的連線，並拒絕任何使用自行簽署憑證進行 TLS 連線的用戶端。

範例 1：以下組態將啟動一個 etcd 執行個體，並將 --auto-tls 旗標設定為 true。因此，etcd 執行個體會使用自行簽署憑證與用戶端進行 TLS 連線。


...
spec:
  containers:
  - command:
...
    - etcd
    ...
    - --auto-tls=true
    ...

References

[1] Operating etcd clusters for Kubernetes The Kubernetes Authors

[2] etcd configuration etcd Authors

[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark Recommendation 2.3

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 296

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [25] CWE ID 295

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287

[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287

[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000166, CCI-000185, CCI-001941, CCI-001942

[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM

[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection

[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-10 Non-Repudiation (P2), IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-17 Public Key Infrastructure Certificates (P1)

[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-10 Non-Repudiation, IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-17 Public Key Infrastructure Certificates

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.1 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.9

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.4

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.4

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.4

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.4

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.4

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography

[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design

[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3305 CAT I

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3305 CAT I

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3305 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3305 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3305 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3305 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3305 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I

[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15), Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01)

[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication

desc.structural.yaml.kubernetes_misconfiguration_weak_etcd_ssl_certificate.base