界: Input Validation and Representation

輸入驗證和表示法問題是由中繼字元、替代編碼和數值表示法引起的。信任輸入會導致安全問題。問題包括：「Buffer Overflows」、「Cross-Site Scripting」攻擊、「SQL Injection」及其他許多問題。

OGNL Expression Injection: Double Evaluation

Java/JSP

Abstract

雙重 OGNL 評估會讓攻擊者在控制第一個評估的輸出時評估任意 OGNL 運算式。

Explanation

應用程式會在兩次評估 OGNL 運算式的 Struts 標籤中使用強制的 OGNL 運算式 (%{expr})。攻擊者在控制第一次評估的結果後，即有可能控制要在第二次 OGNL 評估中評估的運算式，進而插入任意 OGNL 運算式。

範例 1：已知 redirectAction 結果會用於評估其參數兩次。在此案例中，攻擊者可透過提供 redirect 要求參數來控制 actionName 參數中強制 OGNL 運算式的結果。


    ...
    <action name="index" class="com.acme.MyAction">
        <result type="redirectAction">
            <param name="actionName">${#parameters['redirect']}</param>
            <param name="namespace">/foo</param>
        </result>
    </action>
    ...

Struts 2 程式碼會在內部評估傳回經由使用者控制的字串的 %{#parameters['redirect']} 運算式，該運算式會被當作 OGNL 運算式來進行評估，讓攻擊者能夠評估任意 OGNL 運算式。

References

[1] Struts 2 - Security Bulletin S2-029 Apache Struts

[2] Struts 2 - Security Bulletin S2-036 Apache Struts

[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 94, CWE ID 95

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094

[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754

[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI

[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)

[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation

[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)

desc.configuration.java.ognl_expression_injection_double_evaluation