界: Input Validation and Representation

輸入驗證和表示法問題是由中繼字元、替代編碼和數值表示法引起的。信任輸入會導致安全問題。問題包括：「Buffer Overflows」、「Cross-Site Scripting」攻擊、「SQL Injection」及其他許多問題。

OGNL Expression Injection: Struts 2

Java/JSP

Abstract

應用程式以開發模式 (devMode) 部署，此模式允許在伺服器上執行任意指令，並且洩漏有關應用程式編碼方式的詳細資訊。

Explanation

Struts 2 含有一個稱為 devMode (開發模式) 的設定。啟用此設定時，Struts 2 將提供額外的記錄和除錯資訊，這可明顯加速開發，但代價是嚴重影響效能和安全性。devMode 會將除錯或一般可忽略之問題的等級提升為在一般模式下通常不會拋出的異常。

devMode 也會啟用一些除錯功能，可讓開發人員檢查儲存在值堆疊中的變數。這些功能可使用 debug 要求參數來觸發：
- debug=console 將會快顯 OGNL 評估主控台，以允許開發人員在伺服器上評估任何任意 OGNL 運算式。
- debug=command 將允許開發人員使用要求參數 expression 提交任意 OGNL 運算式以進行評估。
- debug=xml 將參數、上下文、階段作業和值堆疊傾印為 XML 文件。
- debug=browser 將參數、上下文、階段作業和值堆疊傾印為可瀏覽的 HTML 文件。

References

[1] Apache Struts 2 Documentation - devMode

[2] Apache Struts 2 Documentation - Debugging

[3] Meder Kydyraliev Milking a horse or executing remote code in modern Java frameworks

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 94, CWE ID 95

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [18] CWE ID 094

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [17] CWE ID 094

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [25] CWE ID 094

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [23] CWE ID 094

[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [11] CWE ID 094

[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002754

[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SI

[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data

[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-10 Information Input Validation (P1)

[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-10 Information Input Validation

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 5.2.4 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.5 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.2.8 Sanitization and Sandboxing Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A6 Injection Flaws

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A2 Injection Flaws

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A1 Injection

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A1 Injection

[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A1 Injection

[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A03 Injection

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.6

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1, Requirement 6.5.2

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.1

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.1

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.1

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection

[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation

[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective B.3.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective B.3.1.1 - Terminal Software Attack Mitigation, Control Objective C.3.2 - Web Software Attack Mitigation

[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Risky Resource Management - CWE ID 094

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I, APP3570 CAT I

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002530 CAT II, APSC-DV-002560 CAT I

[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)

desc.config.java.ognl_expression_injection_struts2_devmode