界: Security Features

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Privacy Violation: Heap Inspection

Abstract
以不安全的方式儲存敏感資料,將導致能透過檢查堆積來擷取資料。
Explanation
編程中的特定模式會導致以不安全的方式儲存敏感資料,從而能透過檢查堆積來擷取資料。

範例 1:下列方法會從主控台中傳回密碼,並將密碼儲存至不安全的 String 物件。

public static String getPassword() {
String inputPassword = "";
ConsoleKeyInfo nextKey = Console.ReadKey(true);
while (nextKey.Key != Console.ReadKey(true)) {
inputPassword.AppendChar(nextKey.KeyChar);
Console.Write("*");
nextKey = Console.ReadKey(true);
}
return inputPassword;
}


由於String 是一個不可變物件,因此內容不能設為 Null,這意味著敏感資料會公開給任何能在記憶體回收之前檢查堆積的人。
References
[1] Marshal Class Microsoft
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 226
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.6 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.dotnet.privacy_violation_heap_inspection.master
Abstract
將敏感資料儲存在 String 物件中,因此無法確實將資料自記憶體中刪除。
Explanation
如果使用記憶體後不進行清除,就可能會洩露儲存在記憶體上的敏感資料 (例如密碼、社會安全號碼、信用卡號碼等)。通常,會使用 String 來儲存敏感資料,然而,因為 String 物件為不可變,因此只能使用 JVM 記憶體回收器從記憶體移除 String 值。除非 JVM 的記憶體很少,否則不需要執行記憶體回收器,所以無法保證記憶體回收器會在何時執行。在應用程式意外結束時,應用程式的記憶體傾印可能會洩露敏感資料。

範例 1:下列程式碼會將來自字元陣列的密碼轉換成 String

private JPasswordField pf;
...
final char[] password = pf.getPassword();
...
String passwordAsString = new String(password);
References
[1] L. Gong, G. Ellison, and M. Dageforde Inside Java 2 Platform Security: Architecture, API Design, and Implementation, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley
[2] M. S. Ware Writing secure Java code: taxonomy of heuristics and an evaluation of static analysis tools
[3] CONFIDENTIAL-3: Consider purging highly sensitive from memory after use Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[9] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 226
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[15] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.6 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.java.privacy_violation_heap_inspection
Abstract
將敏感資料儲存在 String物件中,因此無法確實將資料自記憶體中刪除。
Explanation
如果使用記憶體後不進行清除,就可能會洩露儲存在記憶體上的敏感資料 (例如密碼、社會安全號碼、信用卡號碼等)。通常,會使用 String來儲存敏感資料,但因為 String 物件為不可變,所以指派新值可以建立新的String 並將參照指派到被指派的物件。原始值會保留在記憶體中,直到ARC(Automatic Reference Counting) 取消配置物件並釋出記憶體。在最接近的周圍範圍結束之前,Swift 不保證物件的生命週期。如果攻擊者在取消配置物件之前傾印記憶體的內容,該內容將可以被讀取。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用 String將密碼儲存在記憶體中。

let password = passwordTextField.text!
// use the password
References
[1] Apple Security Development Checklists
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 226
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[13] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.6 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.swift.privacy_violation_heap_inspection