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Azure ARM Misconfiguration: Improper KeyVault Access Control Policy

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Abstract

範本定義一個沒有到期日的機密。

Explanation

有效期間長的機密容易被盜，進而將組織置於被入侵的風險之中。

範例 1：以下範例顯示一個定義金鑰的範本，但金鑰沒有到期日。


  {
    "type": "Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/secrets",
    "name": "[concat(parameters('keyVaultName'), '/', parameters('secretName'))]",
    "apiVersion": "2019-09-01",
    "location": "[parameters('location')]",
    "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults', parameters('keyVaultName'))]"
    ],
    "properties": {
        "value": "[parameters('secretValue')]"
    }
}

References

[1] Microsoft Key and secret management considerations in Azure

[2] Gary Klionsky Managing and Rotating Secrets with Azure Key Vault, Managed Services, and some automation

[3] Microsoft Tutorial: Use a Windows VM system-assigned managed identity to access Azure Key Vault

[4] Marcel.L Automate password rotation with Github and Azure

[5] Elaine Barker NIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 1 Revision 5- Recommendation for Key Management: Part 1 – General

[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 8.3, Recommendation 8.4

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 261

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287

[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287

[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287

[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287

[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287

[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001199

[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP

[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)

[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.1 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls

[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management

[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration

[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1

[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1

[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1

[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography

[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design

[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II

[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)

desc.structural.json.azure_arm_misconfiguration_improper_keyvault_access_control_policy.base

Azure ARM Misconfiguration: Improper Security Group Network Access Control

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JSON

Abstract

範本將定義一個允許存取管理服務的網路安全性群組。

Explanation

範圍過大的存取組態會將系統暴露在外，並擴大組織的受攻擊面。開放與公眾互動的服務會受到攻擊者幾乎連續的掃描和探測。

在發現並發佈針對公開服務的零時差攻擊 (例如 Heartbleed) 時問題特別大。攻擊者可主動追蹤和搜尋未修補和暴露的系統以進行攻擊。

範例 1：以下範例範本允許將未受限制的輸入流量傳輸至某個範圍內的連接埠，其中包括 RDP 服務連接埠 (3389)。


{
    ...
    "name": "sample/securitygroup",
    "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules",
    "apiVersion": "2020-11-01",
    "properties": {
        "description": "Services Inbound Range",
        "protocol": "Tcp",
        "sourcePortRange": "*",
        "destinationPortRanges": [
            "3333-3389"
        ],
        "sourceAddressPrefix": "*",
        "destinationAddressPrefix": "*",
        "access": "Allow",
        "priority": 100,
        "direction": "Inbound"
    ...
}

References

[1] Microsoft Network security groups

[2] David Geer Securing risky network ports

[3] Josh Fruhlinger CSOOnline: The Heartbleed bug: How a flaw in OpenSSL caused a security crisis

[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 6.1, Recommendation 6.2

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 749

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [25] CWE ID 862

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [18] CWE ID 862

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [16] CWE ID 862

[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-002038, CCI-002165

[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1), AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change (P1), IA-11 Re-Authentication (P0), SC-3 Security Function Isolation (P1)

[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement, AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change, SC-3 Security Function Isolation, SC-11 Trusted Path

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3)

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References

[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References

[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control

[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 1.4.2

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 1.4.2

[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls

[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285

[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 863

[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 863

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3480.1 CAT II

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3480.1 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3480.1 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3480.1 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3480.1 CAT I

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3480.1 CAT I

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3480.1 CAT I

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-001520 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-001520 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-001520 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)

[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization

desc.structural.json.azure_arm_misconfiguration_improper_security_group_network_access_control.base

Azure ARM Misconfiguration: Improper SQL Server Network Access Control

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Abstract

範本將定義一個未限制網路存取的 Azure SQL 資料庫執行個體。

Explanation

未限制允許 IP 位址範圍的 Azure SQL 資料庫執行個體，會不必要地擴大組織的受攻擊面。開放與公眾互動的服務會受到攻擊者幾乎連續的掃描和探測。

範例 1：以下範例範本將定義一個過度公開的 Azure SQL 資料庫執行個體。


{
    "resources": [
        {
            "name": "[variables('sqlServerName')]",
            "type": "Microsoft.Sql/servers",
            ...
            "resources": [
                {
                    "type": "databases",
                    ...
                },
                {
                    "name": "AllowAllIPs",
                    "type": "firewallrules",
                    "apiVersion": "2020-02-02-preview",
                    "location": "[parameters('location')]",
                    "properties": {
                        "endIpAddress": "255.255.255.255",
                        "startIpAddress": "0.0.0.0"
                    },
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

References

[1] Tom Olzak Attack Surface Reduction – Chapter 4

[2] Microsoft Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics network access controls

[3] Microsoft Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse IP firewall rules

[4] Microsoft Private IP addresses

[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 4.1.2

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 749

[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [25] CWE ID 862

[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [18] CWE ID 862