界: Security Features

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315 找到的項目
弱點
Abstract
持續性階段作業 Cookie 可能會造成帳戶洩漏。
Explanation
持續性工作階段 Cookie 即使在使用者關閉瀏覽器後仍然有效,並通常用作「記住我」功能的一部分。因此,假設使用者並未明確登出,則即使關閉瀏覽器後,持續性工作階段 Cookie 仍可讓使用者維持對應用程式的驗證狀態。這表示下一個開啟瀏覽器的人將自動登入為上一名使用者。除非您的應用程式部署於使用者無法從共用機器登入的控制環境,否則即使攻擊者關閉了瀏覽器,仍可能洩漏您的使用者帳戶。

範例 1:以下程式碼會將階段作業 Cookie 設定為持續性。

server.servlet.session.cookie.persistent=true
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 539
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001185, CCI-001941, CCI-001942, CCI-002361
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-12 Session Termination (P2), IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-12 Session Termination, IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), SC-23 Session Authenticity
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.2.3 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M9 Improper Session Handling
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.7, Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.10
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.config.java.cookie_security_persistent_session_cookie
Abstract
持續性階段作業 cookie 可能會造成帳戶洩漏。
Explanation
持續性工作階段 Cookie 即使在使用者關閉瀏覽器後仍然有效,並通常用作「記住我」功能的一部分。因此,假設使用者並未明確登出,則即使關閉瀏覽器後,持續性工作階段 Cookie 仍可讓使用者維持對應用程式的驗證狀態。這表示下一個開啟瀏覽器的人將自動登入為上一名使用者。除非您的應用程式部署於使用者無法從共用機器登入的控制環境,否則即使攻擊者關閉了瀏覽器,仍可能洩漏您的使用者帳戶。
範例 1:下列程式碼將工作階段 Cookie 設為 10 年後過期。

session_set_cookie_params(time()+60*60*24*365*10, "/", "www.example.com", false, true);
References
[1] session_set_cookie_params The PHP Group
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 539
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001185, CCI-001941, CCI-001942, CCI-002361
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-12 Session Termination (P2), IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-12 Session Termination, IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), SC-23 Session Authenticity
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.2.3 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M9 Improper Session Handling
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.7, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.10
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.semantic.php.cookie_security_persistent_session_cookie
Abstract
建立應用程式工作階段 Cookie 時,Secure 旗標未設為 true
Explanation
現代的網頁瀏覽器支援每個 Cookie 都有 Secure 旗標。若已設定旗標,則瀏覽器僅會透過 HTTPS 傳送 Cookie。透過未加密的通道傳送 Cookie,易使 Cookie 受到網路攔截攻擊,因此安全旗標可維持 Cookie 值的機密性。若 Cookie 包含隱私資料或附帶階段作業識別碼,這將更為重要。
範例 1:此配置導致階段作業 Cookie 新增到回應中,而不會設定 Secure 旗標。

...
<configuration>
<system.web>
<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms requireSSL="false" loginUrl="login.aspx">
</forms>
</authentication>
</system.web>
</configuration>
...


若您的應用程式同時使用 HTTPS 和 HTTP,但是未設定 Secure 旗標,則在後續的 HTTP 要求期間,也會傳送在 HTTPS 要求時所傳送的 Cookie。透過未加密的無線連線攔截網路流量,對攻擊者而言是稀鬆平常之事,所以透過 HTTP 傳送 Cookie (尤其是含階段作業 ID 的 Cookie) 可能會造成應用程式資料外洩。
References
[1] HttpCookie Class Microsoft
[2] Mike Perry Automated HTTPS Cookie Hijacking
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 614
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001184, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity, SC-23 Session Authenticity
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.3 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.4.1 Cookie-based Session Management (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.7, Requirement 6.5.9
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01), Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication, Insufficient Session Expiration
desc.config.dotnet.cookie_security_session_cookie_not_sent_over_ssl
Abstract
應用程式可能透過未加密的通道傳送階段作業 Cookie。
Explanation
現代的網頁瀏覽器支援每個 Cookie 都有 Secure 旗標。若已設定旗標,則瀏覽器僅會透過 HTTPS 傳送 Cookie。透過未加密的通道傳送 Cookie,易使 Cookie 受到網路攔截攻擊,因此安全旗標可維持 Cookie 值的機密性。若 Cookie 包含隱私資料或附帶階段作業識別碼,這將更為重要。

範例 1:以下組態項目會關閉工作階段 Cookie 的 Secure 旗標。

server.servlet.session.cookie.secure=false


若應用程式同時使用 HTTPS 和 HTTP,但是未設定 Secure 旗標,則在後續的 HTTP 要求期間,也會傳送在 HTTPS 要求時所傳送的 Cookie。隨後攻擊者可能會攔截未加密的網路流量,進而危及 Cookie,這在無線網路會更加容易。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 614
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001184, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity, SC-23 Session Authenticity
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.3 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.4.1 Cookie-based Session Management (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.7, Requirement 6.5.9
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01), Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication, Insufficient Session Expiration
desc.config.java.cookie_security_session_cookie_not_sent_over_ssl
Abstract
程式建立工作階段 Cookie 時未將 Secure 旗標設為 true
Explanation
現代的網路瀏覽器支援每個 cookie 都有 Secure 旗標。若已設定旗標,則瀏覽器僅會透過 HTTPS 傳送 cookie。透過未加密的通道傳送 cookie,易使 cookie 受到網路攔截攻擊,因此安全旗標可維持 cookie 值的機密性。若 cookie 包含隱私資料或附帶階段作業識別碼,這將更為重要。
範例 1:以下程式碼將 Cookie 新增到回應中,而未設定 Secure 旗標。

...
setcookie("emailCookie", $email, 0, "/", "www.example.com");
...


若應用程式同時使用 HTTPS 和 HTTP,但是未設定 Secure 旗標,則在後續的 HTTP 要求期間,也會傳送在 HTTPS 要求時所傳送的 Cookie。隨後攻擊者可能會攔截未加密的網路流量,進而危及 Cookie,這在無線網路會更加容易。
References
[1] setcookie() documentation The PHP Group
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 614
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001184, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity, SC-23 Session Authenticity
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.3 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.4.1 Cookie-based Session Management (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.7, Requirement 6.5.9
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01), Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication, Insufficient Session Expiration
desc.semantic.php.cookie_security_session_cookie_not_sent_over_ssl
Abstract
程式未將 SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE 屬性明確設為 True,或是將其設為 False
Explanation
現代的網路瀏覽器支援每個 cookie 都有 Secure 旗標。若已設定旗標,則瀏覽器僅會透過 HTTPS 傳送 cookie。透過未加密的通道傳送 cookie,易使 cookie 受到網路攔截攻擊,因此安全旗標可維持 cookie 值的機密性。如果 Cookie 包含私人資料或階段作業識別碼,或附帶 CSRF 權杖,這將更為重要。
範例 1:以下組態項目不會明確設定階段作業 Cookie 的 Secure 位元。

...
MIDDLEWARE = (
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'csp.middleware.CSPMiddleware',
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
...
)
...


若應用程式同時使用 HTTPS 和 HTTP,但是未設定 Secure 旗標,則在後續的 HTTP 要求期間,也會傳送在 HTTPS 要求時所傳送的 Cookie。隨後攻擊者可能會攔截未加密的網路流量,進而危及 Cookie,這在無線網路會更加容易。
References
[1] SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE documentation Django Foundation Group
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 614
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001184, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity, SC-23 Session Authenticity
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.3 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.4.1 Cookie-based Session Management (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.7, Requirement 6.5.9
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4, Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002230 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01), Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication, Insufficient Session Expiration
desc.structural.python.cookie_security_session_cookie_not_sent_over_ssl
Abstract
程式未使用 cookie 來傳輸階段作業識別碼,這可能會替 Session Fixation 及 Session Hijacking 製造攻擊的機會。
Explanation
多數 Web 應用程式使用階段作業識別碼來識別各使用者,該識別碼通常儲存在 cookie 中,並在伺服器與網路瀏覽器間公開傳輸。


未在 cookie 中儲存階段作業識別碼的應用程式,有時會傳輸識別碼做為 HTTP 要求參數或 URL 的一部份。接受 URL 中指定的階段作業識別碼,容易讓攻擊者執行 Session Fixation 攻擊。

將階段作業識別碼置於 URL,也可能會增加 Session Hijacking 對應用程式成功攻擊的機會。當攻擊者控制受害者啟用的階段作業或階段作業識別碼時,Session Hijacking 便會發生。網路伺服器、應用程式伺服器及 Web 代理伺服器通常會儲存要求的 URL,這是種常見的作法。若 URL 中包含階段作業識別碼,也會記錄這些識別碼。增加階段作業識別碼檢視及儲存位置的數量,將增加攻擊者危及這些識別碼的機會。
References
[1] Runtime Configuration The PHP Group
[2] Session Fixation OpenText Fortify
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 384
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001664, CCI-001941, CCI-001942
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), SC-23 Session Authenticity
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.2.1 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.3 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.3.1 Session Logout and Timeout Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M9 Improper Session Handling
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A3 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A3 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3405 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3405 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3405 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3405 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3405 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3405 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3405 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-002270 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[52] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.php.cookie_security_session_cookies_disabled
Abstract
以純文字儲存形式使用者名稱可能會危及系統安全。
Explanation
當接受來自使用者的使用者名稱,或以純文字形式將使用者名稱儲存在應用程式的組態設定檔案或資料庫時,會出現 Credential Management 問題。
範例 1:以下程式碼從網路表單讀取使用者名稱,並使用該使用者名稱連接到資料庫。


<cfquery name = "GetCredentials" dataSource = "master">
SELECT Username, Password
FROM Credentials
WHERE DataSource="users"
</cfquery>
...
<cfquery name = "GetSSNs" dataSource = "users"
username = "#Username#" password = "#Password#">
SELECT SSN
FROM Users
</cfquery>
...


此程式碼將會順利執行,任何人只要有 master表格的存取權,便能夠讀取 UsernamePassword 的值。如果心懷不軌的員工擁有此資訊的存取權,他們可以利用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 522
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002367
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-003110 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.dataflow.cfml.credential_management
Abstract
硬式編碼的 API 認證會導致無法輕易修正系統的安全性問題。
Explanation
切勿對認證進行硬式編碼,包括使用者名稱、密碼、API 金鑰、API 機密和 API 權杖。所有的專案開發人員不僅可以看到硬式編碼的認證,要更新這些內容也極為困難。程式碼進入生產階段後,除非修補軟體,否則無法變更認證。如果認證遭到破解,組織必須在安全性和系統可用性之間做出選擇。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 259, CWE ID 798
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287, [22] CWE ID 798
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001199, CCI-002367, CCI-003109
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SA-4 Acquisition Process (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SA-4 Acquisition Process, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.1 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 798
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 798
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01)
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.structural.apex.credential_management_hardcoded_api_credentials
Abstract
硬式編碼的 API 認證會導致無法輕易修正系統的安全性問題。
Explanation
切勿對認證進行硬式編碼,包括使用者名稱、密碼、API 金鑰、API 機密和 API 權杖。所有的專案開發人員不僅可以看到硬式編碼的認證,要更新這些內容也極為困難。程式碼進入生產階段後,除非修補軟體,否則無法變更認證。如果認證遭到破解,組織必須在安全性和系統可用性之間做出選擇。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 259, CWE ID 798
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287, [22] CWE ID 798
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001199, CCI-002367, CCI-003109
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SA-4 Acquisition Process (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SA-4 Acquisition Process, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.1 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 798
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 798
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01)
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.regex.universal.credential_management_hardcoded_api_credentials
Abstract
硬式編碼的 API 認證會導致無法輕易修正系統的安全性問題。
Explanation
切勿對認證進行硬式編碼,包括使用者名稱、密碼、API 金鑰、API 機密和 API 權杖。所有的專案開發人員不僅可以看到硬式編碼的認證,要更新這些內容也極為困難。程式碼進入生產階段後,除非修補軟體,否則無法變更認證。如果認證遭到破解,組織必須在安全性和系統可用性之間做出選擇。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 259, CWE ID 798
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [19] CWE ID 798
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [20] CWE ID 798
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [16] CWE ID 798
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287, [15] CWE ID 798
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 798
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287, [22] CWE ID 798
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001199, CCI-002367, CCI-003109
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SA-4 Acquisition Process (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management, SA-4 Acquisition Process, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.1 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.4 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.5.2 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.4.1 Secret Management (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 10.2.3 Malicious Code Search (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 259
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 798
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 798
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I, APP3350 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II, APSC-DV-003280 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01)
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.structural.yaml.credential_management_hardcoded_api_credentials
Abstract
硬式編碼的使用者名稱可能會導致無法輕易修正系統的安全性問題。
Explanation
將使用者名稱硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將使用者名稱硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看該使用者名稱,也會使得修復問題的工作變得很困難。產生程式碼以後,除非修補軟體,否則無法變更使用者名稱。如果受使用者名稱保護的帳戶出現問題,系統的所有者將必須在安全性和可行性之間做出選擇。
範例 1:以下程式碼使用硬式編碼的使用者名稱連接到資料庫:


...
<cfquery name = "GetSSNs" dataSource = "users"
username = "scott" password = "tiger">
SELECT SSN
FROM Users
</cfquery>
...


此程式碼能夠成功的執行,但任何有程式碼存取權的人都能夠有使用者名稱存取權。程式發佈後,除非修補此程式,否則可能無法變更資料庫使用者「scott」和密碼「tiger」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,則可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 255
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001199, CCI-002367, CCI-003109
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SA-4 Acquisition Process (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SA-4 Acquisition Process, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3)
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.semantic.cfml.credential_management_hardcoded_username
Abstract
硬式編碼的使用者名稱可能會導致無法輕易修正系統的安全性問題。
Explanation
將使用者名稱硬式編碼在程式碼中絕對不是明智的想法。將使用者名稱硬式編碼不僅可讓所有的專案開發人員查看該使用者名稱,也會使得修復問題的工作變得很困難。產生程式碼以後,除非修補軟體,否則無法變更使用者名稱。如果受使用者名稱保護的帳戶遭到洩露,系統擁有者必須在安全性和可用性之間做出選擇。
範例 1:以下程式碼使用硬式編碼的使用者名稱連接到資料庫:


...
Credentials.basic("hardcoded-username", password);
...


此程式碼能夠成功的執行,但任何有程式碼存取權的人都能夠有使用者名稱存取權。程式發佈後,除非修補此程式,否則可能無法變更資料庫使用者「scott」和密碼「tiger」。若員工有此資訊的存取權,可能會使用此資訊來進入並破壞系統。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 255
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001199, CCI-002367, CCI-003109
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SA-4 Acquisition Process (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SA-4 Acquisition Process, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3)
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.3.1, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.6.2
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3350 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-003110 CAT I, APSC-DV-003270 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
desc.semantic.java.credential_management_hardcoded_username
Abstract
程式可讓未經授權的使用者從 SAP 系統的其他用戶端存取資料。
Explanation
SAP 系統中的應用程式資料依據用戶端加以分隔 (用戶端分隔),所有 Open SQL 陳述式都會自動存取/修改屬於已登入用戶端的資料 (用戶端處理)。提供這些功能是為了將屬於企業內不同業務單元或組織的資料進行邏輯分隔。但是,可以使用下列功能規避 ABAP 程式內的用戶端分隔與用戶端處理機制:

1. 原生 SQL 陳述式,或
2. 附加有 CLIENT SPECIFIED 的 Open SQL 陳述式,或
3. ADBC (ABAP 資料庫連線能力) API,或
4. 可從其他用戶端存取用戶端特定資料的其他 API

SAP 不會檢查使用者是否已獲從指定用戶端存取資料的授權。這會導致安全性風險,即,未經授權的使用者可能會透過其他用戶端檢視或修改資料。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用 Open SQL 擷取員工詳細資料。


...
PARAMETERS: p_input TYPE sy-mandt.

SELECT *
FROM employee_records
CLIENT SPECIFIED
INTO TABLE tab_output
WHERE mandt = p_input.
...


在此案例中,執行此程式碼的未經授權使用者將可以透過已登入用戶端 SY-MANDT 之外的用戶端檢視員工詳細資料。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 285
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A10 Failure to Restrict URL Access
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A8 Failure to Restrict URL Access
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A7 Missing Function Level Access Control
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 862
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3510 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3510 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3510 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3510 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3510 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3510 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3510 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.structural.abap.cross_client_data_access
Abstract
當使用者登出時,不會使以 Cookie 為基礎的階段作業失效。如果攻擊者已找到、竊取或攔截使用者的 Cookie,他們可能會冒充該使用者,即使該使用者已登出。
Explanation
將階段作業資料儲存在 Cookie 中會帶來數個問題:

1. 當使用者登出時,不會使以 Cookie 為基礎的階段作業失效。如果攻擊者已找到、竊取或攔截使用者的 Cookie,他們可能會冒充該使用者,即使該使用者已登出。

2. 階段作業 Cookie 已簽署,以避免遭篡改並保證資料的真實性,但不會防止重複進行的攻擊。

3. 將使用 Django 的加密式簽署工具以及 SECRET_KEY 設定來儲存階段作業資料。如果 SECRET_KEY 遭洩漏,攻擊者無法僅偽造階段作業資料,但如果應用程式使用 Pickle 將階段作業資料序列化到 Cookie 中,則攻擊者將能夠製作惡意的序列化資料,此資料將在還原序列化之後執行任意程式碼。

4. 階段作業資料已簽署,但未加密。這意味著攻擊者將能夠讀取階段作業資料,但無法對其進行修改。

5. 視網站負載而定,Cookie 大小和序列化程序可能會造成效能問題。
References
[1] Django Foundation Using cookie-based sessions
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001185
[3] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-10 Non-Repudiation (P2), SC-23 Session Authenticity (P1)
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-10 Non-Repudiation, SC-23 Session Authenticity
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API5 Broken Function Level Authorization
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[8] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[9] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[10] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[11] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[12] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[13] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[14] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[15] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-002240 CAT I
[23] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.python.django_bad_practices_cookie_stored_sessions
Abstract
如果不驗證 Host 表頭,攻擊者便可傳送虛假的 Host 值,此值可用於跨網站偽造要求、快取破壞攻擊,以及電子郵件中的破壞連結。
Explanation
Django 應用程式設定指定 "*" 做為 ALLOWED_HOSTS 設定中的項目。django.http.HttpRequest.get_host() 使用此設定來驗證 Host 表頭。值 "*" 將允許在 Host 表頭中使用任何主機。攻擊者可能將此用於發起快取破壞攻擊,或用於電子郵件中的破壞連結。

範例 1:應用程式提供重設密碼功能,讓使用者能夠提交某種唯一值來識別自己 (例如:電子郵件地址),然後程式會傳送密碼重設電子郵件,內含用於設定新密碼的頁面連結。傳送給使用者的連結可以使用 Host 值進行建構,以參照執行重設密碼功能的網站,從而避免硬式編碼的 URL。例如:


...
def reset_password(request):
url = "http://%s/new_password/?token=%s" % (request.get_host(), generate_token())
send_email(reset_link=url)
redirect("home")
...


攻擊者可能會透過提交受害者的電子郵件以及指向所控制伺服器的虛假 Host 表頭值,來重設受害者的密碼。受害者將收到一封電子郵件,內含重設密碼系統的連結,如果受害者決定造訪該連結,其將會造訪由攻擊者控制的網站,網站上將執行虛假表單以收集受害者的憑證。
References
[1] Django Foundation Host header validation
[2] Django Foundation ALLOWED_HOSTS
[3] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[4] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective C.3.1 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[5] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.python.django_bad_practices_overly_broad_host_header_verification
Abstract
如果攻擊者可控制階段作業資料,則由 Pickle 序列化的階段作業可能會導致遠端程式碼執行。
Explanation
如果使用以 Cookie 為基礎的階段作業,且 SECRET_KEY 遭洩漏,則攻擊者將能夠在階段作業 Cookie 中儲存任意資料,此資料將在伺服器中還原序列化,從而導致任意程式碼執行。

如果使用以 Cookie 為基礎的階段作業,請格外小心,確保在可能從遠端存取的任何系統中,秘密金鑰始終完全保密。

範例 1:以下檢視方法可讓攻擊者竊取 SECRET_KEY (如果在 settings.py 組態設定檔案中經過硬式編碼):


...
def some_view_method(request):
url = request.GET['url']
if "http://" in url:
content = urllib.urlopen(url)
return HttpResponse(content)
...
Example 1 方法透過確認 URL 中是否存在「http://」,來確認 url 參數是否為有效的 URL。惡意攻擊者可能會傳送以下 URL,以洩漏可能包含 SECRET_KEYsettings.py 組態設定檔案:


file://proc/self/cwd/app/settings.py#http://


注意:UNIX 系統中的 "/proc/self/cwd" 指向程序工作目錄。這可讓攻擊者在不知道確切位置的情況下參照檔案。
References
[1] Django Foundation Session serialization
[2] Balda Python web frameworks and pickles
[3] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[4] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[5] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
desc.structural.python.django_bad_practices_pickle_serialized_sessions
Abstract
檔案透過未加密的通道載入 script。
Explanation
透過未加密的通道包含來自網站的可執行內容,會使攻擊者能夠執行 Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) 攻擊。這會使攻擊者能夠載入自己的內容,執行這些內容就如同屬於原始網站一樣。

範例 1:請考慮以下 script 標籤:

<script src="http://www.example.com/js/fancyWidget.js"></script>


如果攻擊者正在監聽使用者與伺服器之間的網路流量,就可以模擬或操縱來自 www.example.com 的內容以載入自己的 JavaScript。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 319
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000068, CCI-001453, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422, CCI-002890, CCI-003123
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 SC
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-17 Remote Access (P1), MA-4 Nonlocal Maintenance (P2), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-17 Remote Access, MA-4 Nonlocal Maintenance, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 1.9.1 Communications Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 1.14.1 Configuration Architectural Requirements (L2 L3), 2.2.5 General Authenticator Requirements (L3), 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.3 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.9.3 Cryptographic Software and Devices Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.2 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.3 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.4 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.5 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.6 Algorithms (L2 L3), 6.2.7 Algorithms (L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3), 8.3.1 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.7 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 9.1.1 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.2 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.1.3 Communications Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.1 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 9.2.2 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 14.1.3 Build (L2 L3), 14.4.5 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M5 Insecure Communication
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-NETWORK-1
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.5 - Terminal Software Design, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Insecure Interaction - CWE ID 319
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260.1 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II, APP3260 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000160 CAT II, APSC-DV-000170 CAT II, APSC-DV-001940 CAT II, APSC-DV-001950 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.content.html.dynamic_code_evaluation_insecure_transport
Abstract
允許使用者輸入直接修改檔案權限,可能會使攻擊者能夠存取原本應受保護的系統資源。
Explanation
當遇到下列狀況時會發生檔案權限操作錯誤:

1.攻擊者可指定在檔案系統上修改權限的操作中所使用的路徑。

2.攻擊者可指定檔案系統上的作業所指派的權限。

範例 1:下列程式碼使用來自系統環境變數的輸入設定檔案權限。如果攻擊者能夠修改系統環境變數,就能使用程式取得程式所操縱檔案的存取權。如果程式也存在 Path Manipulation 弱點,則攻擊者可能會使用這個弱點存取系統上的任意檔案。


permissions := strconv.Atoi(os.Getenv("filePermissions"));
fMode := os.FileMode(permissions)
os.chmod(filePath, fMode);
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.golang.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
允許使用者輸入直接修改檔案權限,可能使攻擊者能夠存取其他受保護的系統資源。
Explanation
當遇到下列狀況時會發生檔案權限操作錯誤:

1.攻擊者能夠指定在檔案系統上修改權限的作業中所使用的路徑。

2.攻擊者能夠指定檔案系統上的作業所指派的權限。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用來自系統屬性的輸入,設定預設權限遮罩。如果攻擊者能夠修改系統屬性,就能使用程式取得程式所操縱檔案的存取權。如果程式也存在 Path Manipulation 弱點,則攻擊者可能會使用這個弱點存取系統上的任意檔案。


String permissionMask = System.getProperty("defaultFileMask");
Path filePath = userFile.toPath();
...
Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = PosixFilePermissions.fromString(permissionMask);
Files.setPosixFilePermissions(filePath, perms);
...
References
[1] FIO01-J. Create files with appropriate access permissions CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.java.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
允許使用者輸入直接修改檔案權限,可能使攻擊者能夠存取其他受保護的系統資源。
Explanation
當遇到下列狀況時會發生檔案權限操作錯誤:

1.攻擊者能夠指定在檔案系統上修改權限的作業中所使用的路徑。

2.攻擊者能夠指定檔案系統上的作業所指派的權限。

範例 1:以下程式碼旨在當使用者透過 FTP 上傳網頁時,設定適當的檔案權限。程式使用來自 HTTP 要求的輸入,以將檔案標示為外部使用者可檢視的狀態。


$rName = $_GET['publicReport'];
chmod("/home/". authenticateUser . "/public_html/" . rName,"0755");
...


然而,如果攻擊者提供一個惡意的值給 publicReport,如「../../localuser/public_html/.htpasswd」,應用程式會指定攻擊者可讀取那個檔案。

範例 2:以下程式碼使用組態設定檔案的輸入設定預設權限遮罩。如果攻擊者能修改組態設定檔案,就能使用程式取得程式所操縱檔案的存取權。如果程式也存在 Path Manipulation 弱點,則攻擊者可能會使用這個弱點存取系統上的任意檔案。


...
$mask = $CONFIG_TXT['perms'];
chmod($filename,$mask);
...
References
[1] G. Hoglund, G. McGraw Exploiting Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.php.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
允許使用者輸入直接修改檔案權限,可能使攻擊者能夠存取其他受保護的系統資源。
Explanation
當遇到下列狀況時會發生檔案權限操作錯誤:

1. 攻擊者能夠指定在檔案系統上修改權限的作業中所使用的路徑。

2. 攻擊者能夠指定檔案系統上的作業所指派的權限。

範例 1: 下列程式碼使用來自系統環境變數的輸入設定檔案權限。 如果攻擊者能夠修改系統環境變數,就能使用程式取得程式所操縱檔案的存取權。 如果程式也存在 Path Manipulation 弱點,則攻擊者可能會使用這個弱點存取系統上的任意檔案。


permissions = os.getenv("filePermissions");
os.chmod(filePath, permissions);
...
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.python.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
允許使用者輸入直接修改檔案權限,可能使攻擊者能夠存取其他受保護的系統資源。
Explanation
當遇到下列狀況時會發生檔案權限操作錯誤:

1. 攻擊者能夠指定在檔案系統上修改權限的作業中所使用的路徑。

2. 攻擊者能夠指定檔案系統上的作業所指派的權限。

範例 1:以下程式碼旨在當使用者透過 FTP 上傳網頁時,設定適當的檔案權限。程式使用來自 HTTP 要求的輸入,以將檔案標示為外部使用者可檢視的狀態。


...
rName = req['publicReport']
File.chmod("/home/#{authenticatedUser}/public_html/#{rName}", "0755")
...


然而,如果攻擊者提供一個惡意的值給 publicReport,如「../../localuser/public_html/.htpasswd」,應用程式會指定攻擊者可讀取那個檔案。

範例 2:以下程式碼使用組態設定檔案的輸入設定預設權限遮罩。如果攻擊者可以更改組態設定檔案,就可能使用程式取得程式所操縱檔案的存取權。如果程式也存在 Path Manipulation 弱點,則攻擊者可能會使用這個弱點存取系統上的任意檔案。


...
mask = config_params['perms']
File.chmod(filename, mask)
...
References
[1] G. Hoglund, G. McGraw Exploiting Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 264, CWE ID 732
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [15] CWE ID 732
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [16] CWE ID 732
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [22] CWE ID 732
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.1.5 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3), 4.2.1 Operation Level Access Control (L1 L2 L3), 4.3.3 Other Access Control Considerations (L2 L3), 7.3.3 Log Protection Requirements (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M8 Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M4 Insufficient Input/Output Validation
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4, MASVS-PLATFORM-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.1
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 732
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Improper Input Handling (WASC-20)
desc.dataflow.ruby.file_permission_manipulation
Abstract
程式定義了過度許可的 Cross-Origin Opener Policy (COOP)
Explanation
由於 Spectre 和 Meltdown 等弱點導致側通道攻擊的存在,因此強制執行指定 Web 文件的資料隱私變得非常重要。Cross-Origin Opener Policy (COOP) 的建立就是為了幫助防止因側通道攻擊而導致敏感資訊暴露。具體來說,COOP 可以強制執行文件瀏覽情境群組與其他外部文件 (例如彈出視窗) 的隔離。

範例 1:以下程式碼顯示 Django 架構中不安全的 COOP 設定 'unsafe-none'。由於側通道攻擊,這可能會允許外部文件存取來源文件的瀏覽情境群組的私有資料。


SECURE_CROSS_ORIGIN_OPENER_POLICY = 'unsafe-none'
References
[1] Eiji Kitamura, Domenic Denicola Why you need "cross-origin isolated" for powerful features
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 346
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[5] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 3.5.3 Token-based Session Management (L2 L3), 5.3.6 Output Encoding and Injection Prevention Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.2 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective C.3.6 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[26] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Abuse of Functionality (WASC-42)
desc.structural.python.html5_insecure_cross_origin_opener_policy
Abstract
指定 HTTP 動詞的安全限制通常可允許比預期更大量的存取。
Explanation
在下列情況下,可使用 HTTP 動詞竄改來略過應用程式的 Authentication 和授權機制:
1) 該應用程式使用列出 HTTP 動詞的安全性控制。
2) 安全性控制無法封鎖未列出的動詞。
3) 應用程式根據 GET 要求或其他任意 HTTP 動詞來更新其狀態。



以下組態將易受 HTTP 動詞篡改的攻擊:

<authorization>
<allow verbs="GET,POST" users="admin"/>
<deny verbs="GET,POST"users="*" />
</authorization>

依預設,.NET Framework 允許所有 HTTP 動詞,因此即使此配置拒絕讓所有使用者存取 GET 和 POST,仍無法防止 HEAD 要求。攻擊者也許可透過以 HEAD 要求替代 GET 或 POST 要求,來執行管理功能。換句話說,此程式碼將滿足上述的條件 1 和 2。接著若要讓 HEAD 請求執行管理功能,則應用程式須依據使用 POST 以外的動詞的要求,來執行指令。

就其核心而言,此弱點是嘗試建立拒絕清單 (指示使用者不可進行之事項的原則) 的結果。拒絕清單很少達成預期的效果。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 288, CWE ID 302
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287, [25] CWE ID 306
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API5 Broken Function Level Authorization
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.config.dotnet.http_verb_tampering
Abstract
指定 HTTP 動詞的安全限制通常可允許比預期更大量的存取。
Explanation
在下列情況下,可使用 HTTP 動詞竄改來略過應用程式的 Authentication 和授權機制:
1) 該應用程式使用列出 HTTP 動詞的安全性控制。
2) 安全性控制無法封鎖未列出的動詞。
3) 應用程式根據 GET 要求或其他任意 HTTP 動詞來更新其狀態。



多數的 Java EE 執行允許組態中未明確列出的 HTTP 方法。例如,下列安全限制會套用至 HTTP GET 方法,但不會套用至其他 HTTP 動詞:


<security-constraint>
<display-name>Admin Constraint</display-name>
<web-resource-collection>
<web-resource-name>Admin Area</web-resource-name>
<url-pattern>/pages/index.jsp</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/admin/*.do</url-pattern>
<http-method>GET</http-method>
<http-method>POST</http-method>
</web-resource-collection>
<auth-constraint>
<description>only admin</description>
<role-name>admin</role-name>
</auth-constraint>
</security-constraint>


由於此組態的 <http-method> 標籤中未明確定義如 HEAD 的動詞,因此可透過以 HEAD 要求替代 GET 或 POST 要求,來執行管理功能。為了能讓 HEAD 要求執行管理功能,條件 3 必須適用 - 應用程式必須依據 POST 以外的動詞執行指令。某些網路/應用程式伺服器會接受任意的非標準 HTTP 動詞,並以具有指定 GET 要求的型態回應。若情況為此,攻擊者將可使用要求中的任意動詞,來檢視管理頁面。

例如,典型的用戶端 GET 要求範例如下:

GET /admin/viewUsers.do HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com


在 HTTP 動詞竄改攻擊中,攻擊者會以與 FOO 同類的要求替代 GET。

FOO /admin/viewUsers.do HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com


就其核心而言,此弱點是嘗試建立拒絕清單 (指示使用者不可進行之事項的原則) 的結果。拒絕清單很少達成預期的效果。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 288, CWE ID 302
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287, [25] CWE ID 306
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API5 Broken Function Level Authorization
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.config.java.http_verb_tampering
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


FORM GenerateReceiptURL CHANGING baseUrl TYPE string.
DATA: r TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i,
var3 TYPE n.


GET TIME.
var1 = sy-uzeit.
r = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = var1 ).
r->int31( RECEIVING value = var2 ).
var3 = var2.
CONCATENATE baseUrl var3 ".html" INTO baseUrl.
ENDFORM.


此程式碼使用 CL_ABAP_RANDOM->INT31 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 CL_ABAP_RANDOM 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.abap.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


string GenerateReceiptURL(string baseUrl) {
Random Gen = new Random();
return (baseUrl + Gen.Next().toString() + ".html");
}


此程式碼使用 Random.Next() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 Random.Next() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] RandomNumberGenerator Class Microsoft
[2] System.Security.Cryptography Namespace Microsoft
[3] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.dotnet.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作亂數來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


char* CreateReceiptURL() {
int num;
time_t t1;
char *URL = (char*) malloc(MAX_URL);
if (URL) {
(void) time(&t1);
srand48((long) t1); /* use time to set seed */
sprintf(URL, "%s%d%s", "http://test.com/", lrand48(), ".html");
}
return URL;
}


此程式碼使用 lrand48() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 lrand48() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器,那就會安全很多。
References
[1] B. Schneier Yarrow: A secure pseudorandom number generator
[2] CryptLib
[3] Crypto++
[4] BeeCrypt
[5] OpenSSL
[6] CryptoAPI: CryptGenRandom() Microsoft
[7] RtlGenRandom() Microsoft
[8] .NET System.Security.Cryptography: Random Number Generation Microsoft
[9] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[10] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[11] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[12] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[15] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[19] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。


電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


<cfoutput>
Receipt: #baseUrl##Rand()#.cfm
</cfoutput>


此程式碼使用 Rand() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 Rand() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] ColdFusion Java CFX Reference Adobe
[2] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[3] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cfml.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容。但是,它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來處理這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:下列程式碼使用統計式 PRNG 來建立 RSA 金鑰。


import "math/rand"
...
var mathRand = rand.New(rand.NewSource(1))
rsa.GenerateKey(mathRand, 2048)


此程式碼使用 rand.New() 函數為 RSA 金鑰產生隨機性。由於 rand.New() 是統計式 PRNG,所以攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的值。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.golang.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


String GenerateReceiptURL(String baseUrl) {
Random ranGen = new Random();
ranGen.setSeed((new Date()).getTime());
return (baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000) + ".html");
}


此程式碼使用 Random.nextInt() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 Random.nextInt() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


function genReceiptURL (baseURL){
var randNum = Math.random();
var receiptURL = baseURL + randNum + ".html";
return receiptURL;
}


此程式碼使用 Math.random() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 Math.random() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Crypto | Node.js documentation The OpenJS Foundation and Node.js contributors
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.javascript.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


fun GenerateReceiptURL(baseUrl: String): String {
val ranGen = Random(Date().getTime())
return baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000).toString() + ".html"
}


此程式碼使用 Random.nextInt() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 Random.nextInt() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密型 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.kotlin.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


function genReceiptURL($baseURL) {
$randNum = rand();
$receiptURL = $baseURL . $randNum . ".html";
return $receiptURL;
}


此程式碼使用 rand() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 rand() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.php.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作亂數來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION CREATE_RECEIPT_URL
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
rnum VARCHAR2(48);
time TIMESTAMP;
url VARCHAR2(MAX_URL)
BEGIN
time := SYSTIMESTAMP;
DBMS_RANDOM.SEED(time);
rnum := DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('x', 48);
url := 'http://test.com/' || rnum || '.html';
RETURN url;
END


此程式碼使用 DBMS_RANDOM.SEED() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 DBMS_RANDOM.SEED() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器,那就會安全很多。
References
[1] Oracle Database Security Guide
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.sql.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


def genReceiptURL(self,baseURL):
randNum = random.random()
receiptURL = baseURL + randNum + ".html"
return receiptURL


此程式碼使用 rand() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 rand() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.python.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


def generateReceiptURL(baseUrl) {
randNum = rand(400000000)
return ("#{baseUrl}#{randNum}.html");
}


此程式碼使用 Kernel.rand() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 Kernel.rand() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[2] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[3] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[4] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[5] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.ruby.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


def GenerateReceiptURL(baseUrl : String) : String {
val ranGen = new scala.util.Random()
ranGen.setSeed((new Date()).getTime())
return (baseUrl + ranGen.nextInt(400000000) + ".html")
}


此程式碼使用 Random.nextInt() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 Random.nextInt() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.scala.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計 PRNG 來建立隨機值,此值將用作重設密碼權杖。


sqlite3_randomness(10, &reset_token)
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.swift.insecure_randomness
Abstract
標準的虛擬亂數產生器也無法抵擋加密攻擊。
Explanation
在安全性要求較高的環境中,將一個能夠產生可預測值的函數當作隨機來源使用時,會產生 Insecure Randomness 錯誤。

電腦是一種決定性的機器,因此不可能產生真正的隨機性。虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG, Pseudorandom Number Generator) 近似於隨機演算,會從一個可以計算後續值的種子開始。

PRNG 包括兩種類型:統計式和加密式。統計式 PRNG 可提供有用的統計內容,但是它們的輸出很容易預測,導致複製數值串流很容易。因此,對於因安全性由產生數值決定而導致其不可預測的環境,其並不適用。加密式 PRNG 則會藉由產生更難以預測的輸出來解決這個問題。若要對數值進行加密保護,必須使攻擊者無法或難以區別產生的隨機數值和真實的隨機數值。一般來說,如果沒有指出某個 PRNG 演算法經過加密保護,那麼它很可能是統計式 PRNG,不應在安全性要求較高的環境中使用,否則會引發嚴重弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、容易預測的加密金鑰、Session Hijacking 以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用統計式 PRNG,為購買後仍在有效期內的收據建立 URL。


...
Function genReceiptURL(baseURL)
dim randNum
randNum = Rnd()
genReceiptURL = baseURL & randNum & ".html"
End Function
...


此程式碼使用 Rnd() 函數為其所產生的收據頁面產生「唯一」識別碼。由於 Rnd() 是統計式 PRNG,攻擊者很容易就能猜到其所產生的字串。雖然收據系統的基礎設計也存在錯誤,但是如果它使用一個不會產生可預測收據識別碼的亂數產生器 (例如加密式 PRNG),那就會安全很多。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] CryptoAPI: CryptGenRandom() Microsoft
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 338
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.1 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.2 Random Values (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.vb.insecure_randomness
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。如果使用特定常數值向虛擬亂數產生器 (例如 CL_ABAP_RANDOM 類別或其變體) 提供種子,則可收集大量 PRNG 輸出的攻擊者將可預測由 GET_NEXTINT 和用於傳回或指派值的類似方法傳回的值。

範例 1:在以下內容中,自物件 random_gen1 可以預測由物件 random_gen2 產生的值。


DATA: random_gen1 TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
random_gen2 TYPE REF TO cl_abap_random,
var1 TYPE i,
var2 TYPE i.

random_gen1 = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = '1234' ).

DO 10 TIMES.
CALL METHOD random_gen1->int
RECEIVING
value = var1.

WRITE:/ var1.
ENDDO.

random_gen2 = cl_abap_random=>create( seed = '1234' ).

DO 10 TIMES.
CALL METHOD random_gen2->int
RECEIVING
value = var2.

WRITE:/ var2.
ENDDO.


在此範例中,虛擬亂數產生器:random_gen1random_gen2 被提供完全相同的種子,因此 var1 = var2
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.abap.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。如果使用特定值 (使用類似 srand(unsigned int) 的函數) 向虛擬亂數產生器 (例如 rand()) 提供種子,則可收集大量 PRNG 輸出的攻擊者將可預測由 rand() 和用於傳回或指派值的類似方法傳回的值。

範例 1:由虛擬亂數產生器產生的值在前兩個區塊中是可預測的,因為這兩個區塊以相同的種子開始。


srand(2223333);
float randomNum = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum);
randomNum = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum);

srand(2223333);
float randomNum2 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum2);
randomNum2 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum2);

srand(1231234);
float randomNum3 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum3);
randomNum3 = (rand() % 100);
syslog(LOG_INFO, "Random: %1.2f", randomNum3);


在此範例中,randomNum1randomNum2 的結果以完全相同的方式提供種子,因此在向虛擬亂數產生器 srand(2223333) 提供種子的呼叫後,每次對 rand() 的呼叫都將按照相同的呼叫順序產生相同的輸出。例如,輸出可能如下所示:


Random: 32.00
Random: 73.00
Random: 32.00
Random: 73.00
Random: 15.00
Random: 75.00


這些結果並不隨機。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.cpp.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。如果虛擬亂數產生器 (PRNG) 以特定值 (使用 math.Rand.New(Source) 等函數) 作為種子,則可收集大量 PRNG 輸出的攻擊者將可預測由 math.Rand.Int() 和用於回傳或指派值的類似方法回傳的值。

範例 1:由虛擬亂數產生器產生的值在前兩個區塊中是可預測的,因為這兩個區塊以相同的種子開始。


randomGen := rand.New(rand.NewSource(12345))
randomInt1 := randomGen.nextInt()

randomGen.Seed(12345)
randomInt2 := randomGen.nextInt()


在此範例中,以完全相同的方式向 PRNG 提供種子,因此,在向虛擬亂數產生器 (randomGen.Seed(12345)) 提供種子的呼叫後,每次對 nextInt() 的呼叫都按照相同的順序產生相同的輸出。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[3] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.golang.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。如果使用特定值 (使用 Random.setSeed() 等的函數) 向虛擬亂數產生器 (例如 Random) 提供種子,則可收集大量 PRNG 輸出的攻擊者將可預測由 Random.nextInt() 和用於回傳或指派值的類似方法回傳的值。

範例 1:Random 物件 randomGen1 可以預測由 Random 物件 randomGen2 產生的值。


Random randomGen1 = new Random();
randomGen1.setSeed(12345);
int randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt();
byte[] bytes1 = new byte[4];
randomGen1.nextBytes(bytes1);

Random randomGen2 = new Random();
randomGen2.setSeed(12345);
int randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt();
byte[] bytes2 = new byte[4];
randomGen2.nextBytes(bytes2);


在此範例中,虛擬亂數產生器:randomGen1randomGen2 以完全相同的方式提供種子,因此 randomInt1 == randomInt2 以及陣列 bytes1[]bytes2[] 的對應值相等。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.java.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。如果使用特定值 (使用 Random(Int) 等的函數) 向虛擬亂數產生器 (例如 Random) 提供種子,則可收集大量 PRNG 輸出的攻擊者將可預測由 Random.nextInt() 和用於回傳或指派值的類似方法回傳的值。

範例 1:Random 物件 randomGen1 可以預測由 Random 物件 randomGen2 產生的值。


val randomGen1 = Random(12345)
val randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt()
val byteArray1 = ByteArray(4)
randomGen1.nextBytes(byteArray1)

val randomGen2 = Random(12345)
val randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt()
val byteArray2 = ByteArray(4)
randomGen2.nextBytes(byteArray2)


在此範例中,虛擬亂數產生器:randomGen1randomGen2 以完全相同的方式提供種子,因此 randomInt1 == randomInt2 以及陣列 byteArray1byteArray2 的對應值相等。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.kotlin.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數整數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
這些函數可產生虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數整數引數呼叫這些函數。如果使用特定值向虛擬亂數產生器提供種子,則傳回的值是可預測的。

範例 1:由虛擬亂數產生器產生的值在前兩個區塊中是可預測的,因為這兩個區塊以相同的種子開始。


...
import random
random.seed(123456)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)

random.seed(123456)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
print "Random: %d" % random.randint(1,100)
...


在此範例中,以完全相同的方式向 PRNG 提供種子,因此,在向虛擬亂數產生器 (random.seed(123456)) 提供種子的呼叫後,每次對 randint() 的呼叫都將按照相同的順序在同一輸出中產生相同的輸出。例如,輸出可能如下所示:


Random: 81
Random: 80
Random: 3
Random: 81
Random: 80
Random: 3


這些結果並不隨機。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.python.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用常數引數呼叫這些函數。如果使用特定值 (使用類似 Random.setSeed() 的函數) 向虛擬亂數產生器 (例如 Random) 提供種子,則可收集大量 PRNG 輸出的攻擊者將可預測由 Random.nextInt() 和用於傳回或指派值的類似方法傳回的值。

範例 1:Random 物件 randomGen1 可以預測由 Random 物件 randomGen2 產生的值。


val randomGen1 = new Random()
randomGen1.setSeed(12345)
val randomInt1 = randomGen1.nextInt()
val bytes1 = new byte[4]
randomGen1.nextBytes(bytes1)

val randomGen2 = new Random()
randomGen2.setSeed(12345)
val randomInt2 = randomGen2.nextInt()
val bytes2 = new byte[4]
randomGen2.nextBytes(bytes2)


在此範例中,虛擬亂數產生器:randomGen1randomGen2 以完全相同的方式提供種子,因此 randomInt1 == randomInt2 以及陣列 bytes1[]bytes2[] 的對應值相等。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[4] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 336
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M1 Improper Credential Usage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.semantic.scala.insecure_randomness_hardcoded_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用受感染的引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
不應使用受感染的引數初始化類別 CL_ABAP_RANDOM (或其變體)。否則,攻擊者會藉此控制用於為虛擬亂數產生器提供種子的值,從而推測透過呼叫以下 (包括但不限於) 方法所產生的值的序列: GET_NEXT, INT, FLOAT, PACKED.
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.abap.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用受感染的引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
這些函數可產生隨機或虛擬隨機值 (例如 rand()) (它們會被傳送種子 (例如 srand())),不應使用受感染的引數來呼叫這些函數。否則,攻擊者會藉此控制用於為虛擬亂數產生器提供種子的值,從而推測透過呼叫虛擬亂數產生器所產生的值 (通常是整數) 的序列。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.cpp.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用受感染的引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
產生虛擬隨機值 (例如 ed25519.NewKeyFromSeed()) 的函數;不應使用受感染的引數呼叫這些函數。否則,攻擊者會藉此控制用於為虛擬亂數產生器提供種子的值,從而推測透過呼叫虛擬亂數產生器所產生的值的序列。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.golang.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用受感染的整數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
不應使用受感染的整數引數呼叫 Random.setSeed()。否則,攻擊者會藉此控制用於為虛擬亂數產生器提供種子的值,從而能推測透過呼叫 Random.nextInt()Random.nextShort()Random.nextLong() 所產生、由 Random.nextBoolean() 傳回或 Random.nextBytes(byte[]) 中設定的值 (通常是整數) 的序列。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[5] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[6] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.java.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用受感染的整數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
不應使用受感染的整數引數呼叫 Random.setSeed()。否則,攻擊者會藉此控制用於為虛擬亂數產生器提供種子的值,從而能推測透過呼叫 Random.nextInt()Random.nextLong()Random.nextDouble() 所產生、由 Random.nextBoolean() 回傳或 Random.nextBytes(ByteArray) 中設定的值 (通常是整數) 的序列。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[5] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[6] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.kotlin.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用受感染的引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
產生虛擬隨機值 (例如 random.randint()) 的函數;不應使用受感染的引數呼叫這些函數。否則,攻擊者會藉此控制用於為虛擬亂數產生器提供種子的值,從而能夠預測透過呼叫虛擬亂數產生器所產生的值 (通常是整數) 的序列。
References
[1] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[2] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.python.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
這些函數可產生隨機值或虛擬隨機值 (已向這些值傳送種子),不應使用受感染的整數引數呼叫這些函數。
Explanation
不應使用受感染的整數引數呼叫 Random.setSeed()。否則,攻擊者會藉此控制用於為虛擬亂數產生器提供種子的值,從而能推測透過呼叫 Random.nextInt()Random.nextShort()Random.nextLong() 所產生、由 Random.nextBoolean() 回傳或 Random.nextBytes(byte[]) 中設定的值 (通常是整數) 的序列。
References
[1] Java Cryptography Architecture Oracle
[2] J. Viega, G. McGraw Building Secure Software Addison-Wesley
[3] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST Special Publication 800-90A: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators NIST
[4] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[5] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey DRAFT NIST Special Publication 800-90C: Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions NIST
[6] MSC02-J. Generate strong random numbers CERT
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 335
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[9] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.scala.insecure_randomness_user_controlled_seed
Abstract
隨機或虛擬亂數產生器依靠安全性低的複雜度來源。
Explanation
如果隨機或虛擬亂數產生器沒有可使用的適當複雜度來源,可能會導致阻斷服務攻擊,或是產生可預測的亂數序列。如果隨機或虛擬亂數產生器使用的複雜度來源已耗盡,則程式可能會暫停,甚至當機,進而導致阻斷服務攻擊。或者,隨機或虛擬亂數產生器會產生可預測的亂數。安全性低的隨機或虛擬亂數來源會導致弱點,例如易猜的臨時密碼、加密金鑰、階段作業劫持,以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用系統時鐘做為複雜度來源:

...
srand (time(NULL));
r = (rand() % 6) + 1;
...


由於系統時鐘會產生可預測的值,因此並非理想的複雜度來源。其他的非硬體型隨機來源 (包括系統/輸入/輸出緩衝區、使用者/系統/硬體/網路序號或位址,以及使用者輸入) 亦是如此。
References
[1] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 331
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.dataflow.cpp.insecure_randomness_weak_entropy_source
Abstract
隨機或虛擬亂數產生器依靠安全性低的複雜度來源。
Explanation
如果隨機或虛擬亂數產生器沒有可使用的適當複雜度來源,可能會導致阻斷服務攻擊,或是產生可預測的亂數序列。如果隨機或虛擬亂數產生器使用的複雜度來源已耗盡,則程式可能會暫停,甚至當機,進而導致阻斷服務攻擊。或者,隨機或虛擬亂數產生器會產生可預測的亂數。弱式亂數來源可能會導致弱點,例如,易猜的臨時密碼、可預測的加密金鑰、階段作業劫持以及 DNS 欺騙。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用系統時鐘做為複雜度來源:

...
import time
import random

random.seed(time.time())
...


由於系統時鐘會產生可預測的值,因此並非理想的複雜度來源。其他的非硬體型隨機來源 (包括系統/輸入/輸出緩衝區、使用者/系統/硬體/網路序號或位址,以及使用者輸入) 亦是如此。
References
[1] Elaine Barker and John Kelsey NIST DRAFT Special Publication 800-90B: Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation NIST
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 331
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002450
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C Guidelines 2023 Rule 21.24
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-13 Cryptographic Protection
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.3.1 Authenticator Lifecycle Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.6.2 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.2.2 Session Binding Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 3.2.4 Session Binding Requirements (L2 L3), 6.3.3 Random Values (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M6 Broken Cryptography
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M10 Insufficient Cryptography
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CRYPTO-1
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.3 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.4 - Terminal Software Design
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 330
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3150.2 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3150.2 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3150.2 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3150.2 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3150.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3150.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3150.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002010 CAT II, APSC-DV-002050 CAT II
desc.structural.python.insecure_randomness_weak_entropy_source
Abstract
的自訂版本。應用程式執行自訂的 SSL 介面。
Explanation
SSL 標準提供在用戶端執行SSL 驗證檢查的原則。但這不是標準的一部分。因此,驗證邏輯將留給應用程式開發人員去實作。

研究顯示,SSL 標準規則的複雜性和開放性質有數項隱藏的危險,因此難以取得無瑕疵的自訂 SSL 實作。Android 應用程式的很大一部分是使用自訂 SSL 實作,在提供安全的通訊管道上是有缺陷的,使得應用程式容易受 man-in-the-middle 攻擊。
References
[1] Designing for Security Android
[2] S. Fahl, M. Harbach, T. Muders, M. Smith, L. Baumgartner, B. Friesleben Why Eve and Mallory Love Android:An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 296, CWE ID 297, CWE ID 298, CWE ID 299
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [25] CWE ID 295
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000185, CCI-001941, CCI-001942, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.4 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 9.2.1 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M5 Insecure Communication
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-NETWORK-1
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A3 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.java.insecure_ssl_android_customized_implementation
Abstract
此方法無法執行 SSL 驗證檢查。
Explanation
呼叫 createSocket() 將 InetAddress 做為函數參數,不執行主機名稱驗證。

同樣的,呼叫 getInsecure() 會傳回 SSL 通訊端因數,且所有 SSL 檢查皆停用。

這二者使得應用程式易受 man-in-the-middle 攻擊。

例如,此應用程式在嘗試連線到 https://safesecureserver.banking.com 時,會立即接受核發給 https://hackedserver.banking.com 的憑證。現在,此應用程式可能會在有漏洞的 SSL 連線上將使用者敏感資訊洩漏給被駭客入侵的伺服器。
References
[1] Designing for Security Android
[2] S. Fahl, M. Harbach, T. Muders, M. Smith, L. Baumgartner, B. Friesleben Why Eve and Mallory Love Android:An Analysis of Android SSL (In)Security
[3] JavaDoc for Android Android
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 297
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287, [25] CWE ID 295
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000185, CCI-001941, CCI-001942, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users) (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-2 Identification and Authentication (Organizational Users), IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.1 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M5 Insecure Communication
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-NETWORK-1
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A3 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective B.2.3 - Terminal Software Design, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001620 CAT II, APSC-DV-001630 CAT II, APSC-DV-001810 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.java.insecure_ssl_android_socket