1571 items found
Weaknesses
Abstract
A configuration does not apply proper access controls.
Explanation
Publicly accessible resources are susceptible to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and expose data to unauthorized access, tampering, and potential theft.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 749
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [25] CWE ID 862
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [18] CWE ID 862
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [16] CWE ID 862
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-002165
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 1.4.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3480.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3480.1 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3480.1 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3480.1 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3480.1 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3480.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3480.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_publicly_accessible.base
Abstract
A configuration does not apply proper access controls.
Explanation
Publicly accessible resources are susceptible to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and expose data to unauthorized access, tampering, and potential theft.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 749
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [25] CWE ID 862
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [18] CWE ID 862
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [16] CWE ID 862
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-002165
[12] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3)
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 1.4.2
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3480.1 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3480.1 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3480.1 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3480.1 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3480.1 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3480.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3480.1 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_publicly_accessible.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration reduces the service availability.
Explanation
Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective C.3.3 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_reduced_availability.base
Abstract
A configuration reduces the service availability.
Explanation
Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective C.3.3 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_reduced_availability.base
Abstract
A configuration reduces the service availability.
Explanation
Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective C.3.3 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_reduced_availability.base
Abstract
A configuration reduces the service availability.
Explanation
Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective C.3.3 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_reduced_availability.base
Abstract
A configuration reduces the service availability.
Explanation
Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective C.3.3 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_reduced_availability.base
Abstract
A configuration reduces the service availability.
Explanation
Cloud services typically use techniques like caching, replication, and load balancing to facilitate service scalability, deliver content faster, and mitigate the impacts of volumetric attacks. Disabled or misconfigured availability features degrade service performance, but immediate effects are often not apparent until extreme events such as traffic spikes and hardware failures occur.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark partial
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective C.3.3 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_reduced_availability.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration turns off a backup or data recovery capability.
Explanation
Backups and data recovery controls protect data and ensure its availability so the business can maintain daily operations.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-2 Flaw Remediation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-2 Flaw Remediation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A9 Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A06 Vulnerable and Outdated Components
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.2
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.3.3
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management, Control Objective C.1.6 - Web Software Components & Services
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_backup_disabled.base
Abstract
A configuration turns off a backup or data recovery capability.
Explanation
Backups and data recovery controls protect data and ensure its availability so the business can maintain daily operations.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Cloud Computing Platform Benchmark complete
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark availability
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark complete
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-2 Flaw Remediation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-2 Flaw Remediation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A9 Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A06 Vulnerable and Outdated Components
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.2
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.3.3
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management, Control Objective C.1.6 - Web Software Components & Services
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_backup_disabled.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration defines a network rule with overly broad access permissions.
Explanation
Loose access configurations can expose systems and broaden an organization's attack surface. Services open to interaction with the public are typically subjected to near-continuous scanning and probing by malicious entities.

This is especially problematic when a zero-day exploit for an exposed service is discovered and published, such as Heartbleed. Attackers can actively pursue and search for unpatched and exposed systems to exploit.
References
[1] Josh Fruhlinger CSOOnline: The Heartbleed bug: How a flaw in OpenSSL caused a security crisis
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 749
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [25] CWE ID 862
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [18] CWE ID 862
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-002165
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3)
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 1.4.2
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[33] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 863
[34] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 863
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3480.1 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3480.1 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3480.1 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3480.1 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3480.1 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3480.1 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3480.1 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_improper_network_access_control.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration allows unlimited resource consumption.
Explanation
Denying access to resources through overuse is a common attack pattern used to exhaust system resources and drive up billing costs.
References
[1] Daniel Kelly, Frank G.Glavin, Enda Barrett Journal of Information Security and Applications: Denial of wallet—Defining a looming threat to serverless computing
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000172
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-12 Audit Record Generation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_denial_of_service.base
Abstract
A configuration allows unlimited resource consumption.
Explanation
Denying access to resources through overuse is a common attack pattern used to exhaust system resources and drive up billing costs.
References
[1] Daniel Kelly, Frank G.Glavin, Enda Barrett Journal of Information Security and Applications: Denial of wallet—Defining a looming threat to serverless computing
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000172
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-12 Audit Record Generation
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_denial_of_service.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration uses a weak authentication mechanism.
Explanation
Weak authentication mechanisms expose organizations to unauthorized access.

Authentication mechanisms can fail for various reasons, such as:
- Weak passwords
- Improper validation
- Weak credential management
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[11] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users) (P1)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-8 Identification and Authentication (Non-Organizational Users)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.7
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.10
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.10
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.10
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Server Misconfiguration (WASC-14)
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_authentication.base
Abstract
A configuration allows weak passwords.
Explanation
Authentication is an essential aspect of security. The authentication process's reliability depends on the login credentials' safety and strength. Password policies ensuring users create strong passwords are crucial to deploying secure websites. Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness it provides in resisting guessing and brute force attacks. Some parameters that help define password strength include password characteristics such as password length, complexity, and randomness.
References
[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) NIST Special Publication 800-63B: Digital Identity Guidelines
[2] Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Authentication Cheat Sheet
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark complete
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5.0
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 6
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark integrity
[8] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 521
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[14] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[15] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000192, CCI-000193, CCI-000194, CCI-000205, CCI-001619
[16] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[17] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[18] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1)
[19] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 IA-5 Authenticator Management
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A3 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A7 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A3 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A2 Broken Authentication and Session Management
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A2 Broken Authentication
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.1.1 Password Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.1.2 Password Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.1.3 Password Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.1.4 Password Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.1.7 Password Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.1.8 Password Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.1.9 Password Security Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.1 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[27] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[28] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2023 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[29] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 8.5.10, Requirement 8.5.11
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 8.5.10, Requirement 8.5.11
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 8.5.10, Requirement 8.5.11
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 8.2.3
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 8.2.3
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 8.2.3
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 8.2.3
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 8.3.6
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[39] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[40] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.1 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[41] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 307
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3320.1 CAT II, APP3320.2 CAT II, APP3320.4 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3320.1 CAT II, APP3320.2 CAT II, APP3320.4 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3320.1 CAT II, APP3320.2 CAT II, APP3320.4 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3320.1 CAT II, APP3320.2 CAT II, APP3320.4 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3320.1 CAT II, APP3320.2 CAT II, APP3320.4 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3320.1 CAT II, APP3320.2 CAT II, APP3320.4 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3320.1 CAT II, APP3320.2 CAT II, APP3320.4 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001680 CAT I, APSC-DV-001690 CAT II, APSC-DV-001700 CAT II, APSC-DV-001710 CAT II, APSC-DV-001720 CAT II, APSC-DV-001760 CAT II, APSC-DV-001770 CAT II, APSC-DV-001780 CAT II, APSC-DV-001790 CAT II
[63] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Brute Force (WASC-11)
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Brute Force
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_weak_password_policy.base
Abstract
A configuration does not specify a customer-managed encryption key for data at rest.
Explanation
Customer-managed keys are not used to encrypt data at rest.

By default, AWS uses AWS-managed keys to encrypt data at rest if encryption is enabled. Customer-managed keys enable organizations to use cryptographic keys of their choice to encrypt data. This gives organizations better control over and logging of encryption processes.

As such, customer-managed keys are often part of the solution to address requirements that include but are not limited to:
- Audit logs for sensitive data access
- Data residency
- Replacing, disabling, or destroying keys

Note that keys with the format aws/service-name are reserved for AWS-managed keys.
References
[1] Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2.5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark partial
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3.0
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 3
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[24] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[25] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.aws.misconfiguration_missing_customer_managed_encryption_key.base