1429 找到的項目
弱點
Abstract
應用程式允許針對 file:// 通訊協定使用 Cookie,這可能會造成不良的安全性影響。
Explanation
根據 RFC 2109,Cookie 嚴格意義上來說是 HTTP 機制。 不應合理預期 Cookie 適用於除 HTTP 以外的通訊協定,包括 file://。 目前尚不確定其行為,以及應套用哪些安全性劃分規則。 例如,從網際網路下載到本機磁碟的 HTML 檔案是否應該與本機安裝的任何 HTML 程式碼共用相同的 Cookie?
References
[1] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
desc.semantic.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_file_scheme_cookies
Abstract
應用程式會叫用內部或隱藏的 API。
Explanation
不建議開發人員使用未記錄或隱藏的 API 建置其應用程式。 無法保證 Google 在將來不會移除或變更這些 API,因此應加以避免,採用此類方法或欄位有很高的風險性,可能中斷您對應用程式的使用。
References
[1] Google Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
desc.structural.cpp.android_bad_practices_use_of_internal_apis
Abstract
應用程式會叫用內部或隱藏的 API。
Explanation
不建議開發人員使用未記錄或隱藏的 API 建置其應用程式。 無法保證 Google 在將來不會移除或變更這些 API,因此應加以避免,採用此類方法或欄位有很高的風險性,可能中斷您對應用程式的使用。
References
[1] Google Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 5
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
desc.structural.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_internal_apis
Abstract
程式碼在 Camera 被解除之後,參照該物件。
Explanation
程式碼嘗試在 Camera 物件被解除之後,使用該物件。若在未重新要求 Camera 物件的情況下參照該資源,便會拋出異常,並在未能捕捉異常時造成應用程式當機。

範例:以下程式碼使用了切換按鈕以開關相機預覽。在使用者點選按鈕後,相機預覽便會停止,並解除相機資源。但是,如果再次點選按鈕,則會在先前解除的 Camera 物件上呼叫 startPreview()


public class ReuseCameraActivity extends Activity {
private Camera cam;

...
private class CameraButtonListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (toggle) {
cam.stopPreview();
cam.release();
}
else {
cam.startPreview();
}
toggle = !toggle;
}
}
...
}
References
[1] Camera, Android Developers
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 416
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [7] CWE ID 416
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [8] CWE ID 416
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [7] CWE ID 416
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [7] CWE ID 416
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [4] CWE ID 416
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.controlflow.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_released_camera_resource
Abstract
程式碼在 Android 媒體物件被解除之後,參照該物件。
Explanation
程式碼嘗試在媒體物件被解除之後使用該物件。若在未重新要求媒體物件的情況下參照該資源,便會拋出異常,並在未能捕捉異常時造成應用程式當機。

範例:以下程式碼使用了暫停按鈕以切換媒體播放。在使用者點選按鈕後,目前的歌曲或視訊便會停止,並解除相機資源。但是,如果再次點選按鈕,則會在先前解除的媒體物件上呼叫 start()


public class ReuseMediaPlayerActivity extends Activity {
private MediaPlayer mp;

...
private class PauseButtonListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (paused) {
mp.pause();
mp.release();
}
else {
mp.start();
}
paused = !paused;
}
}
...
}
References
[1] Media Player, Android Developers
[2] Audio Capture, Android Developers
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 416
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [7] CWE ID 416
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [8] CWE ID 416
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [7] CWE ID 416
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [7] CWE ID 416
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [4] CWE ID 416
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[50] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.controlflow.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_released_media_resource
Abstract
程式碼在 Android 資料庫處理常式已被解除後參照了該處理常式。
Explanation
程式碼嘗試在 Android SQLite 資料庫處理常式已被解除後使用該處理常式。若在未重新建立資料庫連線的情況下參照該處理常式,便會拋出異常,並在未能捕捉異常時造成應用程式當機。

範例:以下程式碼可能是來自將使用者值暫時快取於記憶體中,但可以呼叫 flushUpdates() 以將變更交付至磁碟的程式。該方法會在將更新寫入至資料庫後正確關閉資料庫處理常式。然而,若再次呼叫 flushUpdates(),便會在重新初始化資料庫物件前再次參照該物件。


public class ReuseDBActivity extends Activity {
private myDBHelper dbHelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle state) {
...
db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
...
}
...

private void flushUpdates() {
db.insert(cached_data); // flush cached data
dbHelper.close();
}
...
}
References
[1] Data Storage, Android Developers
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 1
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 4
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 1
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark normal
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 416
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [1] CWE ID 119, [7] CWE ID 416
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [5] CWE ID 119, [8] CWE ID 416
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [7] CWE ID 416
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [7] CWE ID 416
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [4] CWE ID 416
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-CODE-4
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.9
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[27] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP6080 CAT II
[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP6080 CAT II
[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP6080 CAT II
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP6080 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP6080 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP6080 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP6080 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Denial of Service (WASC-10)
[49] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Denial of Service
desc.controlflow.java.android_bad_practices_use_of_released_sqlite_resource
Abstract
程式使用私人資訊和/或裝置專用資訊產生通用的唯一識別碼。
Explanation
硬體和裝置專用識別碼在資料掃除和原廠重設後仍然存在。我們不應該依靠這些識別碼來產生用來授權或驗證使用者的唯一識別碼。

此外,通用唯一識別碼可能與個人資訊有關連性,因此洩漏通用唯一識別碼會對使用者隱私和安全性造成威脅。
References
[1] Designing for Security Android
[2] OWASP Top 10 Mobile Risks OWASP
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Azure Kubernetes Service Benchmark 3
[4] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service Benchmark 2
[5] Standards Mapping - CIS Amazon Web Services Foundations Benchmark 2
[6] Standards Mapping - CIS Google Kubernetes Engine Benchmark confidentiality
[7] Standards Mapping - CIS Kubernetes Benchmark partial
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[13] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[14] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001958
[15] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[16] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A07 Identification and Authentication Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.1 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.3 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.1.1 - Web Software Access Controls, Control Objective C.2.1.2 - Web Software Access Controls
[36] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[37] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001970 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authentication (WASC-01)
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.dataflow.java.android_bad_practices_weak_authentication
Abstract
從不可信賴的資源或在不可信賴的環境中載入類別,可能會導致應用程式代表攻擊者執行惡意指令。
Explanation
Android Class Loading Hijacking 弱點有以下兩種形式:

- 攻擊者可以變更程式為載入類別而搜尋的目錄名稱,從而指向處於其控制下之某個目錄的路徑:攻擊者明確控制應該從其中搜尋類別的路徑。

- 攻擊者可以篡改載入類別的環境:攻擊者間接控制路徑名稱代表的意義。

在此案例中,我們著重於第一種情況,即攻擊者可以控制為要載入之類別而搜尋的目錄的可能性。在以下情況下,會發生此類型的 Android Class Loading Hijacking 弱點:

1. 資料從不可信賴的來源進入應用程式。



2. 資料用作代表程式庫目錄的整個字串或一部分字串,以便搜尋要載入的類別。



3. 藉由從程式庫路徑執行程式碼,應用程式會給予攻擊者不應該擁有的權限或能力。

範例 1:以下程式碼使用使用者可變更的 userClassPath 來決定搜尋要載入的類別所在的目錄。


...
productCategory = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("userClassPath");
DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(productCategory, optimizedDexOutputPath.getAbsolutePath(), null, getClassLoader());
...


此程式碼能夠透過修改 userClassPath 的結果來指向所控制的其他路徑,從而讓攻擊者利用應用程式的提升權限,載入程式庫並潛在地執行任意程式碼。因為程式不會驗證從環境讀取的值,所以如果攻擊者可以控制 userClassPath 的值,則攻擊者便可使用與原始應用程式相同的權限,愚弄應用程式,讓應用程式指向他們所控制的目錄,從而載入他們所定義的類別。

範例 2:以下程式碼使用使用者可變更的 userOutput 來決定應寫入最佳化 DEX 檔案的目錄。


...
productCategory = this.getIntent().getExtras().getString("userOutput");
DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(sanitizedPath, productCategory, null, getClassLoader());
...



此程式碼可讓攻擊者指定最佳化 DEX 檔案 (ODEX) 的輸出目錄。然後,此程式碼還會讓惡意使用者將 userOutput 值變更為他們所控制的目錄,如外部儲存裝置。一旦完成竄改,便只需將輸出的 ODEX 檔案替換為惡意 ODEX 檔案,就可以使用與原始應用程式相同的權限執行該動作。
References
[1] Android Class Loading Hijacking Symantec
desc.dataflow.java.android_class_loading_hijacking