1464 개 항목 찾음
취약점
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 SSL/TLS 사용 채널을 통해 전송되는 HTTP 응답에 포함된 민감한 데이터를 누출할 수도 있습니다.
Explanation
BREACH(Browser Reconnaissance and Exfiltration via Adaptive Compression of Hypertext) 공격은 측면 채널 공격의 한 유형으로, 이를 통해 공격자는 SSL/TLS 사용 채널을 통해 전송되는 HTTP 응답에 포함된 민감한 정보를 훔칠 수 있습니다. 모든 기존 SSL/TLS 버전과 암호는 이 공격에 취약합니다. 다음 세 가지 조건이 충족되는 경우 공격자는 응용 프로그램에 대해 BREACH 공격을 성공적으로 수행할 수 있습니다.

1. 응용 프로그램에서 응답에 기밀 정보(예: CSRF 방지 토큰)를 전송합니다.
2. 응용 프로그램에서 기밀 정보가 포함된 응답에 사용자 입력을 보냅니다.
3. 웹 서버가 HTTP 압축을 사용하도록 구성되어 있습니다.

GZip을 사용하여 압축되는 응답의 크기는 응답 내용에서 확인된 반복 횟수에 따라 결정됩니다. 따라서 문자가 더 자주 반복될수록 응답 크기가 작아집니다. 따라서 공격자는 적용한 매개 변수 값을 통해 자신이 응용 프로그램에 대해 추측한 내용이 맞는지 아닌지 나타낼 수 있는 일종의 징후로 HTTP 압축을 활용할 수 있습니다. 추측한 문자가 기밀 정보의 해당하는 문자와 일치하면 압축되는 응답의 크기는 더 작습니다. 공격자는 이러한 프로세스를 통해 각각의 요청에 대한 압축률을 분석하여 전체 기밀 정보를 문자 단위로 확인할 수 있습니다.

공격자는 이 기법을 사용하여 응용 프로그램이 보안 채널을 통해 콘텐트를 제공하도록 구성되어 있는 경우에도 HTTP 응답에서 기밀 정보를 추출할 수 있습니다.

응용 프로그램이 BREACH 공격에 취약한지 여부를 평가하려면 먼저 해당 응용 프로그램이 HTTP 압축을 사용하도록 구성되어 있는지 확인합니다. HTTP 압축을 사용하도록 구성되어 있으면 보호해야 할 기밀 정보가 포함된 각각의 응답 내에 사용자 입력을 포함할지 여부를 평가합니다.

이 이슈가 보고되는 이유는 Django 응용 프로그램이 CSRF 토큰과 GZip 압축을 사용하도록 구성되어 있기 때문입니다.


MIDDLEWARE = (
...
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware',
...
)
References
[1] BREACH Advisory
[2] Mitre CVE-2013-3587
[3] The gzip Home Page
[4] Django Foundation GZip middleware
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 200, CWE ID 326
[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000197, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[7] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M5 Insecure Communication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.2 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260.1 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3260 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
desc.structural.python.privacy_violation_breach
Abstract
식별된 함수가 건강 정보를 잘못 취급합니다. 이 프로그램은 사용자 개인 정보를 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
다음의 경우 개인 건강 정보가 누출될 수 있습니다.

1. 사용자의 건강 정보가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

2. 데이터는 콘솔, 파일 시스템 또는 네트워크와 같은 외부 위치에 작성됩니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자 혈액형이 장치에 기록될 때 HealthKit 저장소에서 사용자 혈액형을 검색하여 이를 서버에 전송합니다. 많은 개발자가 로그 파일을 모든 데이터의 안전한 저장소로 보고 신뢰하지만 무조건 신뢰해서는 안 됩니다. 특히 개인 정보가 관련된 경우가 대표적입니다.

...
HKHealthStore healthStore = new HKHealthStore();
HKBloodTypeObject blood = healthStore.GetBloodType(null);

NSLog("%@", blood.BloodType);

var urlWithParams = String.format(TOKEN_URL, block.BloodType);
var responseString = await client.GetStringAsync(urlWithParams);
...


참고: NSLog 함수보다 저수준인 Apple Logging API를 사용하면 개발자는 장치에서 모든 로그를 읽을 수 있는 응용 프로그램을 생성할 수 있습니다(다른 응용 프로그램을 소유하지 않은 경우에도).

사용자 데이터의 개인 정보 유지와 관련된 그 밖의 우려 사항들은 장치를 분실하거나 도난 당했을 때 발생합니다. iOS 장치를 확보한 공격자는 USB를 통해 해당 장치에 연결하여 막대한 양의 데이터에 액세스할 수 있습니다. iOS 속성 목록(plist), SQLite 데이터베이스 등의 파일에 쉽게 액세스하여 개인 정보를 확보할 수 있습니다. 원칙적으로 개인 건강 관련 정보는 파일 시스템에 보호되지 않은 상태로 저장하지 않아야 합니다.

예제 2: 다음 코드에서는 사용자의 혈액형을 사용자 기본값 목록에 추가하며 이를 즉시 plist 파일에 저장합니다.


...
HKHealthStore healthStore = new HKHealthStore();
HKBloodTypeObject blood = healthStore.GetBloodType(null);

// Add blood type to user defaults
NSUserDefaults.StandardUserDefaults.SetString(blood.BloodType, "bloodType");
...


개인 데이터의 잘못된 취급에 대응하기 위해 개인 데이터의 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 건강 정보의 경우 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수해야 할 수 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[2]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[3]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[4]

- California SB-1386 [5]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 Privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[2] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[3] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[4] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[5] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000169, CCI-000196, CCI-000197, CCI-001199, CCI-001312, CCI-001314
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), AU-12 Audit Generation (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1), SI-11 Error Handling (P2)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, AU-12 Audit Record Generation, IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest, SI-11 Error Handling
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-2, MASVS-STORAGE-1
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.dotnet.privacy_violation_health_information
Abstract
식별된 함수가 건강 정보를 잘못 취급합니다. 이 프로그램은 사용자 개인 정보를 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
다음의 경우 개인 건강 정보가 누출될 수 있습니다.

1. 사용자의 건강 정보가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

2. 데이터는 콘솔, file system 또는 네트워크와 같은 외부 위치에 작성됩니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자 혈액형이 장치에 기록될 때 HealthKit 저장소에서 사용자 혈액형을 검색하여 이를 서버에 전송합니다. 많은 개발자가 로그 파일을 모든 데이터의 안전한 저장소로 보고 신뢰하지만 무조건 신뢰해서는 안 됩니다. 특히 개인 정보가 관련된 경우가 대표적입니다.

...
HKHealthStore *healthStore = [[HKHealthStore alloc] init];
HKBloodTypeObject *blood = [healthStore bloodTypeWithError:nil];

NSLog(@"%@", [blood bloodType]);

NSString *urlWithParams = [NSString stringWithFormat:TOKEN_URL, [blood bloodType]];

NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlWithParams]];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];
[[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:request delegate:self];
...


참고: NSLog 함수보다 저수준인 Apple Logging API를 사용하면 개발자는 장치에서 모든 로그를 읽을 수 있는 응용 프로그램을 만들 수 있습니다(다른 응용 프로그램을 소유하지 않은 경우에도).

사용자 데이터의 개인 정보 유지와 관련된 그 밖의 우려 사항들은 장치를 분실하거나 도난 당했을 때 발생합니다. iOS 장치를 확보한 공격자는 USB를 통해 해당 장치에 연결하여 막대한 양의 데이터에 접근할 수 있습니다. iOS 속성 목록(plist), SQLite 데이터베이스 등의 파일에 쉽게 접근하여 개인 정보를 확보할 수 있습니다. 원칙적으로 개인 건강 관련 정보는 파일 시스템에 보호되지 않은 상태로 저장하지 않아야 합니다.

예제 2: 다음 코드에서는 사용자의 혈액형을 사용자 기본값 목록에 추가하며 이를 즉시 plist 파일에 저장합니다.


...
HKHealthStore *healthStore = [[HKHealthStore alloc] init];
HKBloodTypeObject *blood = [healthStore bloodTypeWithError:nil];

// Add blood type to user defaults
[defaults setObject:[blood bloodType] forKey:@"bloodType"];

[defaults synchronize];
...


개인 데이터의 잘못된 취급에 대응하기 위해 개인 데이터의 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 건강 정보의 경우 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수해야 할 수 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[2]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[3]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[4]

- California SB-1386 [5]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[2] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[3] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[4] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[5] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000169, CCI-000196, CCI-000197, CCI-001199, CCI-001312, CCI-001314
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), AU-12 Audit Generation (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1), SI-11 Error Handling (P2)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, AU-12 Audit Record Generation, IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest, SI-11 Error Handling
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-2, MASVS-STORAGE-1
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.objc.privacy_violation_health_information
Abstract
식별된 함수가 건강 정보를 잘못 취급합니다. 이 프로그램은 사용자 개인 정보를 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
다음의 경우 개인 건강 정보가 누출될 수 있습니다.

1. 사용자의 건강 정보가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

2. 데이터는 콘솔, file system 또는 네트워크와 같은 외부 위치에 작성됩니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자 혈액형이 장치에 기록될 때 HealthKit 저장소에서 사용자 혈액형을 검색하여 이를 서버에 전송합니다. 많은 개발자가 로그 파일을 모든 데이터의 안전한 저장소로 보고 신뢰하지만 무조건 신뢰해서는 안 됩니다. 특히 개인 정보가 관련된 경우가 대표적입니다.

...
let healthStore = HKHealthStore()
let blood = try healthStore.bloodType()
print(blood.bloodType)

let urlString : String = "http://myserver.com/?data=\(blood.bloodType)"
let url : NSURL = NSURL(string:urlString)
let request : NSURLRequest = NSURLRequest(URL:url)
var err : NSError?
var response : NSURLResponse?
var data : NSData = NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request, returningResponse: &response, error:&err)
...


참고: NSLog 함수보다 저수준인 Apple Logging API를 사용하면 개발자는 장치에서 모든 로그를 읽을 수 있는 응용 프로그램을 만들 수 있습니다(다른 응용 프로그램을 소유하지 않은 경우에도).

사용자 데이터의 개인 정보 유지와 관련된 그 밖의 우려 사항들은 장치를 분실하거나 도난 당했을 때 발생합니다. iOS 장치를 확보한 공격자는 USB를 통해 해당 장치에 연결하여 막대한 양의 데이터에 접근할 수 있습니다. iOS 속성 목록(plist), SQLite 데이터베이스 등의 파일에 쉽게 접근하여 개인 정보를 확보할 수 있습니다. 원칙적으로 개인 건강 관련 정보는 파일 시스템에 보호되지 않은 상태로 저장하지 않아야 합니다.

예제 2: 다음 코드에서는 사용자의 혈액형을 사용자 기본값 목록에 추가하며 이를 즉시 plist 파일에 저장합니다.


...
let healthStore = HKHealthStore()
let blood = try healthStore.bloodType()
print(blood.bloodType)

// Add blood type to user defaults
defaults.setObject("BloodType" forKey:blood.bloodType)
defaults.synchronize()
...


개인 데이터의 잘못된 취급에 대응하기 위해 개인 데이터의 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 건강 정보의 경우 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수해야 할 수 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[2]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[3]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[4]

- California SB-1386 [5]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[2] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[3] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[4] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[5] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000169, CCI-000196, CCI-000197, CCI-001199, CCI-001312, CCI-001314
[12] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), AU-12 Audit Generation (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1), SI-11 Error Handling (P2)
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, AU-12 Audit Record Generation, IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest, SI-11 Error Handling
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-2, MASVS-STORAGE-1
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.swift.privacy_violation_health_information
Abstract
중요 데이터를 안전하지 않은 방식으로 저장하기 때문에 힙 검사를 통해 데이터를 추출할 수 있게 됩니다.
Explanation
특정 프로그래밍 패턴으로 인해 중요 데이터가 안전하지 않은 방식으로 저장되기 때문에 힙 검사를 통해 데이터를 추출할 수 있게 됩니다.

예제 1: 다음 메서드는 콘솔에서 비밀번호를 반환한 후 안전하지 않은 String 개체에 저장합니다.

public static String getPassword() {
String inputPassword = "";
ConsoleKeyInfo nextKey = Console.ReadKey(true);
while (nextKey.Key != Console.ReadKey(true)) {
inputPassword.AppendChar(nextKey.KeyChar);
Console.Write("*");
nextKey = Console.ReadKey(true);
}
return inputPassword;
}


그런데 String은 변경이 불가능한 개체이므로 콘텐츠를 null로 만들 수 없습니다. 즉, 가비지 수집 전에 힙을 검사할 수 있는 모든 사용자에게 중요한 데이터가 공개됩니다.
References
[1] Marshal Class Microsoft
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 226
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.6 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.dotnet.privacy_violation_heap_inspection.master
Abstract
String 개체에 민감한 데이터를 저장하면 메모리에서 데이터를 완전히 없앨 수 없습니다.
Explanation
메모리에 저장된 중요한 데이터(예: 비밀번호, 주민 등록 번호, 신용 카드 번호 등)는 사용 후 메모리를 지우지 않는 경우 누출될 수 있습니다. 하지만 String 개체는 변경이 불가능하므로 중요한 데이터를 저장하는 데 중요한 데이터를 저장할 때 String을 사용하는 경우가 많습니다. 메모리에서 String의 값을 제거하는 작업은 JVM 가비지 수집기만 수행할 수 있습니다. 그런데 JVM의 메모리가 부족하지 않으면 가비지 수집기를 실행할 필요가 없으므로 가비지 수집이 수행되는 시기가 보장되지 않습니다. 응용 프로그램 충돌 시에는 응용 프로그램의 메모리 덤프로 인해 중요한 데이터가 노출될 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 암호를 문자 배열에서 String으로 변환합니다.

private JPasswordField pf;
...
final char[] password = pf.getPassword();
...
String passwordAsString = new String(password);
References
[1] L. Gong, G. Ellison, and M. Dageforde Inside Java 2 Platform Security: Architecture, API Design, and Implementation, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley
[2] M. S. Ware Writing secure Java code: taxonomy of heuristics and an evaluation of static analysis tools
[3] CONFIDENTIAL-3: Consider purging highly sensitive from memory after use Oracle
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 226
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[10] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.6 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.java.privacy_violation_heap_inspection
Abstract
String 개체에 민감한 데이터를 저장하면 메모리에서 데이터를 완전히 없앨 수 없습니다.
Explanation
메모리에 저장된 민감한 데이터(예: 암호, 주민 등록 번호, 신용 카드 번호 등)는 사용 후 메모리를 지우지 않는 경우 누출될 수 있습니다. 대개, String은 민감한 데이터를 저장하는 데 사용되지만 String 개체는 불변이므로 이 개체에 새 값을 할당하면 새 String이 생성되고 해당 참조가 할당하려는 개체에 할당됩니다. 원래 값은 ARC(Automatic Reference Counting)가 개체를 할당 해제하고 메모리를 해제할 때까지 메모리에 유지됩니다. Swift는 개체를 포함하는 가장 인접한 범위가 끝날 때까지 개체의 수명을 보장하지 않습니다. 개체가 할당 해제되기 전에 공격자가 메모리의 콘텐트를 덤프하게 되면 콘텐트를 읽을 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 String을 사용하여 메모리에 암호를 저장합니다.

let password = passwordTextField.text!
// use the password
References
[1] Apple Security Development Checklists
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 226
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001090, CCI-001199
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 IA
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.3.6 Sensitive Private Data (L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A8 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.5 - Sensitive Data Retention
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3230.2 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3230.2 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3230.2 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3230.2 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3230.2 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3230.2 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3230.2 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.swift.privacy_violation_heap_inspection
Abstract
식별된 호출은 POST 메서드 대신 HTTP GET 메서드를 사용하여 데이터를 서버로 보냅니다.
Explanation
GET 메서드를 이용하는 HTTP 요청은 URL 및 요청 매개변수가 브라우저의 URL 캐시, 중개 프록시 및 서버 로그에 캐시되도록 허용할 수 있습니다. 이로 인해 데이터에 대한 적절한 권리가 없는 개인에게 민감한 정보가 노출될 수 있습니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 POST 대신 GET HTTP 메서드를 사용하여 HTTP 요청을 만듭니다.


...
NSString * const USER_URL = @"https://www.somesvr.com/someapp/user";
...
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:USER_URL]];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];
...
예제 2: 응용 프로그램이 NSURLRequest를 사용할 경우, 기본 HTTP 메서드는 GET 입니다.


...
NSURLRequest *theRequest=[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"]
cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy
timeoutInterval:60.0];
NSURLConnection *theConnection=[[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self];
if (theConnection) {
// Create the NSMutableData to hold the received data.
// receivedData is an instance variable declared elsewhere.
receivedData = [[NSMutableData data] retain];
} else {
...
References
[1] HTTPS Data Exposure - GET vs POST Michael Coates
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-000197, CCI-002361
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), AC-12 Session Termination (P2), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, AC-12 Session Termination, IA-5 Authenticator Management
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.objc.privacy_violation_http_get
Abstract
식별된 호출은 POST 메서드 대신 HTTP GET 메서드를 사용하여 데이터를 서버로 보냅니다.
Explanation
GET 메서드를 이용하는 HTTP 요청은 URL 및 요청 매개변수가 브라우저의 URL 캐시, 중개 프록시 및 서버 로그에 캐시되도록 허용할 수 있습니다. 이로 인해 데이터에 대한 적절한 권리가 없는 개인에게 민감한 정보가 노출될 수 있습니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 POST 대신 GET HTTP 메서드를 사용하여 HTTP 요청을 만듭니다.


...
$client = new Zend_Http_Client('https://www.example.com/fetchdata.php');
$client->request(Zend_Http_Client::GET);
...
References
[1] HTTPS Data Exposure - GET vs POST Michael Coates
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-000197, CCI-002361
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), AC-12 Session Termination (P2), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, AC-12 Session Termination, IA-5 Authenticator Management
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.php.privacy_violation_http_get
Abstract
식별된 호출은 POST 메서드 대신 HTTP GET 메서드를 사용하여 데이터를 서버로 보냅니다.
Explanation
GET 메서드를 이용하는 HTTP 요청은 URL 및 요청 매개변수가 브라우저의 URL 캐시, 중개 프록시 및 서버 로그에 캐시되도록 허용할 수 있습니다. 이로 인해 데이터에 대한 적절한 권리가 없는 개인에게 민감한 정보가 노출될 수 있습니다.
예제 1: 다음 코드는 POST 대신 GET HTTP 메서드를 사용하여 HTTP 요청을 만듭니다.


...
let url = NSURL(string: "https://www.somesvr.com/someapp/user")
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url!)
request.HTTPMethod = "GET"
let connection = NSURLConnection(request:request, delegate:self)
...
예제 2: 응용 프로그램이 NSURLRequest를 사용할 경우, 기본 HTTP 메서드는 GET 입니다.


...
let url = NSURL(string: "https://www.somesvr.com/someapp/user")
let request = NSURLRequest(URL: url!)
let connection = NSURLConnection(request:request, delegate:self)
...
References
[1] HTTPS Data Exposure - GET vs POST Michael Coates
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-000197, CCI-002361
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), AC-12 Session Termination (P2), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, AC-12 Session Termination, IA-5 Authenticator Management
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000060 CAT II, APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-001750 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.swift.privacy_violation_http_get
Abstract
식별된 메서드는 모든 동기화된 장치로 배포되고 Apple의 iCloud 환경에 저장될 새로운 동기화 가능 NSURLCredential을 초기화합니다.
Explanation
사용자 이름/암호 쌍 또는 클라이언트 인증서의 형식의 사용자 자격 증명이 포함된 NSURLCredential의 인스턴스를 만들 때는 지속성 특성을 정의해야 합니다. 가능한 값은 다음과 같습니다.

- NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone: 자격 증명을 저장하지 않아야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistenceForSession: 이 세션에 대해서만 자격 증명을 저장해야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent: 자격 증명을 키 집합에 저장해야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable: 자격 증명을 키 집합에 영구적으로 저장해야 하며 또한 소유한 Apple ID에 기반하여 다른 장치로 배포해야 합니다.

NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable 특성은 자격 증명의 배포 및 Apple 클라우드 환경에서의 저장을 의미합니다. 응용 프로그램의 개인 정보 요구 사항에 따라 자격 증명을 Apple 클라우드 환경에 저장하는 것이 허용되지 않을 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드 조각에서는 다른 장치 및 iCloud로 배포될 동기화 가능 자격 증명을 만듭니다.


...
NSURLCredential *credential = [NSURLCredential credentialWithUser:user password:password persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable];
NSURLCredentialStorage *shared = [NSURLCredentialStorage sharedCredentialStorage];
[shared setDefaultCredential:credential forProtectionSpace:protectionSpace];
...
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.objc.privacy_violation_icloud_synchronized_credentials
Abstract
식별된 메서드는 모든 동기화된 장치로 배포되고 Apple의 iCloud 환경에 저장될 새로운 동기화 가능 NSURLCredential을 초기화합니다.
Explanation
사용자 이름/암호 쌍 또는 클라이언트 인증서의 형식의 사용자 자격 증명이 포함된 NSURLCredential의 인스턴스를 만들 때는 지속성 특성을 정의해야 합니다. 가능한 값은 다음과 같습니다.

- NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone: 자격 증명을 저장하지 않아야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistenceForSession: 이 세션에 대해서만 자격 증명을 저장해야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent: 자격 증명을 키 집합에 저장해야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable: 자격 증명을 키 집합에 영구적으로 저장해야 하며 또한 소유한 Apple ID에 기반하여 다른 장치로 배포해야 합니다.

NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable 특성은 자격 증명의 배포 및 Apple 클라우드 환경에서의 저장을 의미합니다. 응용 프로그램의 개인 정보 요구 사항에 따라 자격 증명을 Apple 클라우드 환경에 저장하는 것이 허용되지 않을 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드 조각에서는 다른 장치 및 iCloud로 배포될 동기화 가능 자격 증명을 만듭니다.


...
let credential = NSURLCredential(user:foo, password:password, persistence:.Synchronizable)
let shared = NSURLCredentialStorage.sharedCredentialStorage()
shared.setCredential(credential, forProtectionSpace:protectionSpace)
...
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.swift.privacy_violation_icloud_synchronized_credentials
Abstract
비즈니스 보고서 등의 민감한 정보 취급 부주의는 회사 정보를 침해할 수 있고 불법인 경우가 많습니다.
Explanation
Privacy violation은 민감한 데이터가 암호화되지 않은 형식으로 디스크에 지속되는 경우 발생합니다.


예제 1: 다음 ASPX 코드는 SensitiveXMLData XML 데이터 소스의 민감한 재무 정보 그래프를 생성하는 DataVisualization 제어를 인스턴스화할 수 있습니다.


<asp:Chart ID="Chart1" runat="server" ImageLocation="~/Temporary/Graph"
ImageType="Jpeg" DataSourceID="SensitiveXMLData" ImageStorageMode="UseImageLocation">
<series>
.
.
.
</series>
<chartareas>
<asp:ChartArea Name="ChartArea1">
</asp:ChartArea>
</chartareas>
</asp:Chart>
Example 1의 코드는 Chart 제어가 막대 그래프의 JPEG 이미지를 생성하고 이를 임시 디렉터리인 ~/Temporary/Graph에 작성하도록 지시합니다. 제어가 디스크에 이미지를 작성하면 사용자의 브라우저는 이후의 파일 요청을 보내 사용자에게 표시합니다. 이미지가 디스크에 안전하게 작성되지 않습니다. 또한, 코드는 기본 인프라가 다른 사용자에 의한 무단 액세스로부터 파일을 보호할 것이라고 가정합니다.
References
[1] ImageStorageMode Enumeration Microsoft
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.semantic.dotnet.privacy_violation_image
Abstract
식별된 메서드는 NSURLCredential 인스턴스를 로컬에서 제거하지만 다른 장치 및 iCloud에 저장된 복사본을 제거하지 못합니다.
Explanation
사용자 이름/암호 쌍 또는 클라이언트 인증서의 형식의 사용자 자격 증명이 포함된 NSURLCredential의 인스턴스를 만들 때는 지속성 특성을 정의해야 합니다. 가능한 값은 다음과 같습니다.

- NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone: 자격 증명을 저장하지 않아야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistenceForSession: 이 세션에 대해서만 자격 증명을 저장해야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent: 자격 증명을 키 집합에 저장해야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable: 자격 증명을 키 집합에 영구적으로 저장해야 하며 또한 소유한 AppleID에 기반하여 다른 장치에 배포해야 합니다.

NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable 자격 증명이 다른 장치 및 iCloud로 배포되므로 모든 위치에서 자격 증명을 완전히 제거하지 못하면 인스턴스가 남게 되어 누출 위험성이 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드 조각에서는 동기화 가능한 자격 증명을 만들고 이를 사용한 다음 로컬에서 제거하지만 다른 장치 및 iCloud에서 제거하지 못합니다.


...
// Create the credential
NSURLCredential *credential = [NSURLCredential credentialWithUser:user password:password persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable];
NSURLCredentialStorage *shared = [NSURLCredentialStorage sharedCredentialStorage];
[shared setDefaultCredential:credential forProtectionSpace:protectionSpace];

// Use the credential as needed
...

// Removes the credential
[shared removeCredential:credential forProtectionSpace:protectionSpace];
...
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.objc.privacy_violation_incomplete_credential_removal
Abstract
식별된 메서드는 NSURLCredential 인스턴스를 로컬에서 제거하지만 다른 장치 및 iCloud에 저장된 복사본을 제거하지 못합니다.
Explanation
사용자 이름/암호 쌍 또는 클라이언트 인증서의 형식의 사용자 자격 증명이 포함된 NSURLCredential의 인스턴스를 만들 때는 지속성 특성을 정의해야 합니다. 가능한 값은 다음과 같습니다.

- NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone: 자격 증명을 저장하지 않아야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistenceForSession: 이 세션에 대해서만 자격 증명을 저장해야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent: 자격 증명을 키 집합에 저장해야 합니다.
- NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable: 자격 증명을 키 집합에 영구적으로 저장해야 하며 또한 소유한 AppleID에 기반하여 다른 장치에 배포해야 합니다.

NSURLCredentialPersistenceSynchronizable 자격 증명이 다른 장치 및 iCloud로 배포되므로 모든 위치에서 자격 증명을 완전히 제거하지 못하면 인스턴스가 남게 되어 누출 위험성이 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드 조각에서는 동기화 가능한 자격 증명을 만들고 이를 사용한 다음 로컬에서 제거하지만 다른 장치 및 iCloud에서 제거하지 못합니다.


...
// Create the credential
let credential = NSURLCredential(user:foo, password:password, persistence:.Synchronizable)
let shared = NSURLCredentialStorage.sharedCredentialStorage()
shared.setCredential(credential, forProtectionSpace:protectionSpace)

// Use the credential as needed
...

// Removes the credential
shared.removeCredential(credential, forProtectionSpace:protectionSpace)
...
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.swift.privacy_violation_incomplete_credential_removal
Abstract
저장되고 보호되지 않는 비공개 정보(예: 일반 텍스트 파일의 암호)는 시스템 보안을 위협합니다.
Explanation
비공개 사용자 정보가 보호되지 않는 위치에 저장되면 Privacy Violation이 발생합니다.
예제 1: 다음의 XML은 plist 파일 내의 사용자 개인 정보를 포함하고 있습니다. 저장되는 다른 값 중에 MyCreditCard 키는 사용자가 제공하는 계정 관련 일반 텍스트 신용 카드 값을 저장합니다.



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>password</key>
<string>BASICSECRET</string>
<key>credentials</key>
<dict>
<key>pin</key>
<string>2345</string>
<key>MyCreditCard</key>
<string>1111 11 2321 1112</string>
<key>MysSn</key>
<string>1111-22-3333</string>
<key>ssn</key>
<string>2345-22-3345</string>
<key>userid</key>
<string>12345</string>
</dict>
</dict>
</plist>

Example 1의 코드는 모바일 장치의 사용자 개인 정보를 장치에 저장된 보호되지 않는 plist 파일에 저장합니다. 상당수의 개발자들은 plist 파일을 안전한 저장 위치로 신뢰하고 있지만 개인 정보 침해에 대한 우려가 있는 상황에서 무조건 믿어서는 안 됩니다. plist 파일은 장치만 확보한다면 누구라도 읽을 수 있기 때문입니다.

개인 정보는 다음과 같은 다양한 방식으로 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

- 암호 또는 개인 정보의 형태로 사용자가 직접 입력

- 응용 프로그램이 데이터베이스 또는 기타 데이터 저장소에서 접근

- 협력업체 또는 타사를 통해 간접적으로

- 다음과 같은 모바일 데이터 저장소에서 검색: 주소록, 스냅 사진, 지리 위치, 구성 파일(plist 포함), 아카이브된 SMS 메시지 등

개인 정보로 명명되지 않은 데이터도 상황에 따라 개인 정보로 해석될 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 학생 ID 번호는 명시적이고 공개적으로 각 학생의 개인 정보에 매핑되지 않기 때문에 보통 개인 정보로 간주하지 않습니다. 하지만 학교에서 학생의 주민 등록 번호를 기반으로 학생 ID를 생성하는 경우 ID 번호는 개인 정보로 간주해야 합니다.

보안 및 개인 정보 문제는 서로 상충하는 것처럼 보일 때가 있습니다. 보안 관점에서 보면 이후에 비정상적인 활동을 식별할 수 있도록 모든 중요한 작업을 기록해야 합니다. 하지만 개인 정보가 관련된 경우 이 방법은 추가 위험이 따릅니다.

개인 정보를 위험하게 처리하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있겠지만 공통적인 위험은 잘못된 신뢰에서 비롯됩니다. 프로그래머는 프로그램이 실행되는 운영 환경을 신뢰하기 때문에 개인 정보를 파일 시스템, 레지스트리, 내부 plist 또는 기타 로컬로 제어되는 리소스에 저장할 수 있다고 판단합니다. 하지만 특정 리소스에 대한 액세스가 제한되어 있더라도 해당 데이터에 대해 액세스 권한을 가진 개인을 신뢰할 수 있다고 보장할 수 없습니다. 일례로, 2004년, AOL의 한 비양심적인 직원이 해외 도박 웹 사이트를 대상으로 영업하는 스패머에게 약 9천 2백만 개의 고객 전자 메일 주소를 팔았습니다[1].

이런 대형 익스플로이트 사건에 대응하여 개인 정보 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 조직의 위치, 업종 및 취급하는 개인 정보의 속성에 따라 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수할 의무가 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[3]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[4]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[5]

- California SB-1386 [6]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 Privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] J. Oates AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies The Register
[2] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[3] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[4] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[5] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[6] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[7] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-004062
[14] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1)
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-5 Authenticator Management
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[61] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.config.objc.privacy_violation_ios_property_list
Abstract
식별된 필드는 iOS의 키보드 캐싱 메커니즘을 비활성화하는 적절한 방법을 취하지 않고 민감한 입력을 허용하여 기밀 정보를 잘못 처리합니다.
Explanation
식별된 필드는 iOS의 키보드 캐싱 메커니즘을 비활성화하지 않습니다. 그 결과, iOS는 자동 고침 기능을 향상하기 위해 해당 필드에 최근 입력된 민감한 정보를 캐시합니다.

예제 1: 민감한 텍스트 필드에 입력된 입력값은 시스템의 키보드 캐시에 저장됩니다.


ViewController.h
...

@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UITextField *ssnField;

...
Example 1의 코드는 응용 프로그램이 민감한 정보를 수집하도록 설계된 입력 컨트롤을 이용한다는 의미입니다. iOS는 자동 고침 기능의 성능 향상을 위해 텍스트 필드의 입력을 캐시하기 때문에 그러한 입력 컨트롤에 최근 입력된 모든 정보는 파일 시스템에 저장된 키보드 캐시 파일 내에 캐시될 수 있습니다. 키보드 캐시 파일은 장치에 저장되므로 장치를 분실할 경우 이 파일이 복구될 수 있으며, 이로 인해 장치에 포함된 모든 민감한 정보가 유출될 수 있습니다.

개인 정보는 다음과 같은 다양한 방식으로 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

- 암호 또는 개인 정보의 형태로 사용자가 직접 입력

- 응용 프로그램이 데이터베이스 또는 기타 데이터 저장소에서 접근

- 협력업체 또는 타사를 통해 간접적으로

- 주소록, 스냅 사진, 지리적 위치, 구성 파일, 보관된 SMS 메시지 등을 모바일 데이터 저장소에서 검색

개인 정보로 명명되지 않은 데이터도 상황에 따라 개인 정보로 해석될 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 학생 ID 번호는 명시적이고 공개적으로 각 학생의 개인 정보에 매핑되지 않기 때문에 보통 개인 정보로 간주하지 않습니다. 하지만 학교에서 학생의 주민 등록 번호를 기반으로 학생 ID를 생성하는 경우 ID 번호는 개인 정보로 간주해야 합니다.

보안 및 개인 정보 문제는 서로 상충하는 것처럼 보일 때가 있습니다. 보안 관점에서 보면 이후에 비정상적인 활동을 식별할 수 있도록 모든 중요한 작업을 기록해야 합니다. 하지만 개인 데이터가 관련된 경우 이 방법은 추가적인 위험이 따릅니다.

개인 정보를 위험하게 처리하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있겠지만 공통적인 위험은 잘못된 신뢰에서 비롯됩니다. 프로그래머는 프로그램이 실행되는 운영 환경을 신뢰하기 때문에 개인 정보를 파일 시스템, 레지스트리 또는 기타 로컬로 제어되는 리소스에 저장해도 무방하다고 생각합니다. 하지만 특정 리소스에 대한 액세스가 제한되어 있더라도 해당 데이터에 대해 액세스 권한을 가진 개인을 신뢰할 수 있다고 보장할 수 없습니다. 일례로, 2004년, AOL의 한 비양심적인 직원이 해외 도박 웹 사이트를 대상으로 영업하는 스패머에게 약 9천 2백만 개의 고객 전자 메일 주소를 팔았습니다[1].

이런 대형 익스플로이트 사건에 대응하여 개인 정보 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 조직의 위치, 업종 및 취급하는 개인 정보의 속성에 따라 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수할 의무가 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[3]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[4]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[5]

- California SB-1386 [6]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] J. Oates AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies The Register
[2] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[3] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[4] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[5] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[6] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001090
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.objc.privacy_violation_keyboard_caching
Abstract
식별된 필드는 iOS의 키보드 캐싱 메커니즘을 비활성화하는 적절한 방법을 취하지 않고 민감한 입력을 허용하여 기밀 정보를 잘못 처리합니다.
Explanation
식별된 필드는 iOS의 키보드 캐싱 메커니즘을 비활성화하지 않습니다. 그 결과, iOS는 자동 고침 기능을 향상하기 위해 해당 필드에 최근 입력된 민감한 정보를 캐시합니다.

예제 1: 민감한 텍스트 필드에 입력된 입력값은 시스템의 키보드 캐시에 저장됩니다.


...
@IBOutlet weak var ssnField: UITextField!
...
Example 1의 코드는 응용 프로그램이 민감한 정보를 수집하도록 설계된 입력 컨트롤을 이용한다는 의미입니다. iOS는 자동 고침 기능의 성능 향상을 위해 텍스트 필드의 입력을 캐시하기 때문에 그러한 입력 컨트롤에 최근 입력된 모든 정보는 파일 시스템에 저장된 키보드 캐시 파일 내에 캐시될 수 있습니다. 키보드 캐시 파일은 장치에 저장되므로 장치를 분실할 경우 이 파일이 복구될 수 있으며, 이로 인해 장치에 포함된 모든 민감한 정보가 유출될 수 있습니다.

개인 정보는 다음과 같은 다양한 방식으로 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

- 암호 또는 개인 정보의 형태로 사용자가 직접 입력

- 응용 프로그램이 데이터베이스 또는 기타 데이터 저장소에서 접근

- 협력업체 또는 타사를 통해 간접적으로

- 주소록, 스냅 사진, 지리적 위치, 구성 파일, 보관된 SMS 메시지 등을 모바일 데이터 저장소에서 검색

개인 정보로 명명되지 않은 데이터도 상황에 따라 개인 정보로 해석될 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 학생 ID 번호는 명시적이고 공개적으로 각 학생의 개인 정보에 매핑되지 않기 때문에 보통 개인 정보로 간주하지 않습니다. 하지만 학교에서 학생의 주민 등록 번호를 기반으로 학생 ID를 생성하는 경우 ID 번호는 개인 정보로 간주해야 합니다.

보안 및 개인 정보 문제는 서로 상충하는 것처럼 보일 때가 있습니다. 보안 관점에서 보면 이후에 비정상적인 활동을 식별할 수 있도록 모든 중요한 작업을 기록해야 합니다. 하지만 개인 데이터가 관련된 경우 이 방법은 추가적인 위험이 따릅니다.

개인 정보를 위험하게 처리하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있겠지만 공통적인 위험은 잘못된 신뢰에서 비롯됩니다. 프로그래머는 프로그램이 실행되는 운영 환경을 신뢰하기 때문에 개인 정보를 파일 시스템, 레지스트리 또는 기타 로컬로 제어되는 리소스에 저장해도 무방하다고 생각합니다. 하지만 특정 리소스에 대한 액세스가 제한되어 있더라도 해당 데이터에 대해 액세스 권한을 가진 개인을 신뢰할 수 있다고 보장할 수 없습니다. 일례로, 2004년, AOL의 한 비양심적인 직원이 해외 도박 웹 사이트를 대상으로 영업하는 스패머에게 약 9천 2백만 개의 고객 전자 메일 주소를 팔았습니다[1].

이런 대형 익스플로이트 사건에 대응하여 개인 정보 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 조직의 위치, 업종 및 취급하는 개인 정보의 속성에 따라 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수할 의무가 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[3]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[4]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[5]

- California SB-1386 [6]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] J. Oates AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies The Register
[2] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[3] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[4] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[5] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[6] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001090
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A04 Insecure Design
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.swift.privacy_violation_keyboard_caching
Abstract
iOS는 응용 프로그램이 백그라운드 처리되기 전에 자동으로 스크린샷을 저장합니다(예: 응용 프로그램이 활성화된 상태에서 "홈" 단추를 누름). 민감한 정보가 표시될 때 이러한 기능은 사용자의 개인 정보를 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
식별된 UIViewController 하위 클래스는 iOS가 화면의 콘텐트를 캐시하기 전에 화면 요소를 숨기는 데 사용되는 적절한 메서드를 구현하지 않습니다. 이로 인해 응용 프로그램이 백그라운드 처리되기 전에 입력 컨트롤에 입력한 민감한 정보가 노출될 수 있습니다.

예제 1: iOS 텍스트 컨트롤에 입력한 내용은 응용 프로그램이 백그라운드 처리될 때 작성한 스크린샷에 저장될 수 있습니다(예: 응용 프로그램이 활성화된 상태에서 "홈" 단추를 누름).


ViewController.h
...

@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UITextField *ssnField;

...
Example 1의 코드는 응용 프로그램이 민감한 정보를 수집하도록 설계된 입력 컨트롤을 이용한다는 의미입니다. iOS가 애니메이션 성능을 향상하기 위해 응용 프로그램이 백그라운드 처리될 때 응용 프로그램의 활성 뷰에 대한 스크린샷을 저장하기 때문에, 백그라운드 이벤트가 처리되는 동안 그러한 입력 컨트롤에 표시되는 모든 정보가 파일 시스템에 저장된 이미지 내에 캐시될 수 있습니다. 화면 캐시 스크린샷은 장치에 저장되므로 장치를 분실할 경우 스크린샷이 복구될 수 있으며, 이로 인해 장치에 포함된 모든 민감한 정보가 유출될 수 있습니다.

개인 정보는 다음과 같은 다양한 방식으로 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

- 암호 또는 개인 정보의 형태로 사용자가 직접 입력

- 응용 프로그램이 데이터베이스 또는 기타 데이터 저장소에서 접근

- 협력업체 또는 타사를 통해 간접적으로

- 주소록, 스냅 사진, 지리적 위치, 구성 파일, 보관된 SMS 메시지 등을 모바일 데이터 저장소에서 검색

개인 정보로 명명되지 않은 데이터도 상황에 따라 개인 정보로 해석될 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 학생 ID 번호는 명시적이고 공개적으로 각 학생의 개인 정보에 매핑되지 않기 때문에 보통 개인 정보로 간주하지 않습니다. 하지만 학교에서 학생의 주민 등록 번호를 기반으로 학생 ID를 생성하는 경우 ID 번호는 개인 정보로 간주해야 합니다.

보안 및 개인 정보 문제는 서로 상충하는 것처럼 보일 때가 있습니다. 보안 관점에서 보면 이후에 비정상적인 활동을 식별할 수 있도록 모든 중요한 작업을 기록해야 합니다. 하지만 개인 데이터가 관련된 경우 이 방법은 추가적인 위험이 따릅니다.

개인 정보를 위험하게 처리하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있겠지만 공통적인 위험은 잘못된 신뢰에서 비롯됩니다. 프로그래머는 프로그램이 실행되는 운영 환경을 신뢰하기 때문에 개인 정보를 파일 시스템, 레지스트리 또는 기타 로컬로 제어되는 리소스에 저장해도 무방하다고 생각합니다. 하지만 특정 리소스에 대한 액세스가 제한되어 있더라도 해당 데이터에 대해 액세스 권한을 가진 개인을 신뢰할 수 있다고 보장할 수 없습니다. 일례로, 2004년, AOL의 한 비양심적인 직원이 해외 도박 웹 사이트를 대상으로 영업하는 스패머에게 약 9천 2백만 개의 고객 전자 메일 주소를 팔았습니다[1].

이런 대형 익스플로이트 사건에 대응하여 개인 정보 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 조직의 위치, 업종 및 취급하는 개인 정보의 속성에 따라 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수할 의무가 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[3]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[4]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[5]

- California SB-1386 [6]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] J. Oates AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies The Register
[2] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[3] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[4] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[5] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[6] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001090
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.objc.privacy_violation_screen_caching
Abstract
iOS는 응용 프로그램이 백그라운드 처리되기 전에 자동으로 스크린샷을 저장합니다(예: 응용 프로그램이 활성화된 상태에서 "홈" 단추를 누름). 민감한 정보가 표시될 때 이러한 기능은 사용자의 개인 정보를 침해할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
식별된 UIViewController 하위 클래스는 iOS가 화면의 콘텐트를 캐시하기 전에 화면 요소를 숨기는 데 사용되는 적절한 메서드를 구현하지 않습니다. 이로 인해 응용 프로그램이 백그라운드 처리되기 전에 입력 컨트롤에 입력한 민감한 정보가 노출될 수 있습니다.

예제 1: iOS 텍스트 컨트롤에 입력한 내용은 응용 프로그램이 백그라운드 처리될 때 작성한 스크린샷에 저장될 수 있습니다(예: 응용 프로그램이 활성화된 상태에서 "홈" 단추를 누름).


...
@IBOutlet weak var ssnField: UITextField!
...
Example 1의 코드는 응용 프로그램이 민감한 정보를 수집하도록 설계된 입력 컨트롤을 이용한다는 의미입니다. iOS가 애니메이션 성능을 향상하기 위해 응용 프로그램이 백그라운드 처리될 때 응용 프로그램의 활성 뷰에 대한 스크린샷을 저장하기 때문에, 백그라운드 이벤트가 처리되는 동안 그러한 입력 컨트롤에 표시되는 모든 정보가 파일 시스템에 저장된 이미지 내에 캐시될 수 있습니다. 화면 캐시 스크린샷은 장치에 저장되므로 장치를 분실할 경우 스크린샷이 복구될 수 있으며, 이로 인해 장치에 포함된 모든 민감한 정보가 유출될 수 있습니다.

개인 정보는 다음과 같은 다양한 방식으로 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

- 암호 또는 개인 정보의 형태로 사용자가 직접 입력

- 응용 프로그램이 데이터베이스 또는 기타 데이터 저장소에서 접근

- 협력업체 또는 타사를 통해 간접적으로

- 주소록, 스냅 사진, 지리적 위치, 구성 파일, 보관된 SMS 메시지 등을 모바일 데이터 저장소에서 검색

개인 정보로 명명되지 않은 데이터도 상황에 따라 개인 정보로 해석될 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 학생 ID 번호는 명시적이고 공개적으로 각 학생의 개인 정보에 매핑되지 않기 때문에 보통 개인 정보로 간주하지 않습니다. 하지만 학교에서 학생의 주민 등록 번호를 기반으로 학생 ID를 생성하는 경우 ID 번호는 개인 정보로 간주해야 합니다.

보안 및 개인 정보 문제는 서로 상충하는 것처럼 보일 때가 있습니다. 보안 관점에서 보면 이후에 비정상적인 활동을 식별할 수 있도록 모든 중요한 작업을 기록해야 합니다. 하지만 개인 데이터가 관련된 경우 이 방법은 추가적인 위험이 따릅니다.

개인 정보를 위험하게 처리하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있겠지만 공통적인 위험은 잘못된 신뢰에서 비롯됩니다. 프로그래머는 프로그램이 실행되는 운영 환경을 신뢰하기 때문에 개인 정보를 파일 시스템, 레지스트리 또는 기타 로컬로 제어되는 리소스에 저장해도 무방하다고 생각합니다. 하지만 특정 리소스에 대한 액세스가 제한되어 있더라도 해당 데이터에 대해 액세스 권한을 가진 개인을 신뢰할 수 있다고 보장할 수 없습니다. 일례로, 2004년, AOL의 한 비양심적인 직원이 해외 도박 웹 사이트를 대상으로 영업하는 스패머에게 약 9천 2백만 개의 고객 전자 메일 주소를 팔았습니다[1].

이런 대형 익스플로이트 사건에 대응하여 개인 정보 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 조직의 위치, 업종 및 취급하는 개인 정보의 속성에 따라 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수할 의무가 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[3]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[4]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[5]

- California SB-1386 [6]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] J. Oates AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies The Register
[2] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[3] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[4] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[5] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[6] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000196, CCI-001090
[13] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[14] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-5 Authenticator Management (P1), SC-4 Information in Shared Resources (P1)
[15] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-5 Authenticator Management, SC-4 Information in Shared System Resources
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-2
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 8.3.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001740 CAT I, APSC-DV-002380 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[60] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.swift.privacy_violation_screen_caching
Abstract
식별된 메서드는 먼저 민감한 데이터를 적절하게 마스킹하지 않고 공개 Documents 디렉터리에 씁니다.
Explanation
Documents 디렉터리의 용도는 응용 프로그램이 오프라인 모드로 실행할 수 있도록 로컬 정보 또는 사용자 생성 콘텐트와 같은 일시적이지 않은 응용 프로그램 데이터를 저장하기 위한 것입니다. 응용 프로그램의 Info.plist 파일에서 UIFileSharingEnabled가 설정된 경우 iTunes를 통해 이러한 파일에 액세스할 수 있습니다. 민감한 데이터를 Documents 디렉터리에 쓸 경우 암호화되지 않은 백업에서 또는 iTunes 인터페이스를 통해 데이터가 노출될 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드 조각에서는 사용자 암호를 Documents 디렉터리 내에 일반 텍스트로 씁니다.


...
NSString *docsDirectory = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) objectAtIndex:0];
NSString *passwd_path = [docsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"passwords.txt"];

NSString *password = [user password];
[password writeToFile:passwd_path atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
...
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.objc.privacy_violation_sensitive_data_accessible_from_itunes
Abstract
식별된 메서드는 먼저 민감한 데이터를 적절하게 마스킹하지 않고 공개 Documents 디렉터리에 씁니다.
Explanation
Documents 디렉터리의 용도는 응용 프로그램이 오프라인 모드로 실행할 수 있도록 로컬 정보 또는 사용자 생성 콘텐트와 같은 일시적이지 않은 응용 프로그램 데이터를 저장하기 위한 것입니다. 응용 프로그램의 Info.plist 파일에서 UIFileSharingEnabled가 설정된 경우 iTunes를 통해 이러한 파일에 액세스할 수 있습니다. 민감한 데이터를 Documents 디렉터리에 쓸 경우 암호화되지 않은 백업에서 또는 iTunes 인터페이스를 통해 데이터가 노출될 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드 조각에서는 사용자 암호를 Documents 디렉터리 내에 일반 텍스트로 씁니다.


let documents = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.DocumentDirectory, .UserDomainMask, true)[0] as String
let passwd_path = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: documents).URLByAppendingPathComponent("secret.txt")
let password = getUserPassword()
try password.writeToURL(passwd_path, atomically:true, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
References
[1] David Thiel iOS Application Security: The Definitive Guide for Hackers and Developers No Starch Press
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-002475
[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M2 Insecure Data Storage
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-STORAGE-1
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A8 Insecure Storage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 8.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 8.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.2.1
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 3.6 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3310 CAT I, APP3340 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3210.1 CAT II, APP3340 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.swift.privacy_violation_sensitive_data_accessible_from_itunes
Abstract
중요한 정보를 수집하는 API 중 일부는 해당 정보를 부적절하게 처리할 수도 있습니다. 즉, 사용자가 입력 프롬프트에 입력하는 중요한 정보를 사용자에게 다시 돌려 보냅니다.
Explanation
민감한 정보를 수집하는 일부 API는 이러한 정보를 사용자에게 다시 돌려보내 잘못 처리할 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드에 나와 있는 ASP.NET 모델에는 password 속성이 있지만 DataType이 password로 지정되어 있지 않으므로 표시할 때 기본적으로 표시됩니다.


public class User
{
[Required]
public int ID { get; set; }

public string Title { get; set; }

[DataType(DataType.Date)]
[DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)]
public DateTime DateOfEmployment { get; set; }

[DataType(DataType.Currency)]
public decimal Salary { get; set; }

[Required]
public string Username { get; set; }

[Required]
public string Password { get; set; }

...
}
Example 1에서 Password 속성은 [DataType(DataType.Password)] 속성을 지정하지 않았으므로 UI에 표시될 때 기본적으로 숨겨지지 않습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 549
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000206
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-6 Authenticator Feedback (P2)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-6 Authentication Feedback
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-3, MASVS-STORAGE-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.4.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.4.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3310 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3310 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3310 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3310 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3310 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3310 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3310 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.dotnet.privacy_violation_shoulder_surfing
Abstract
중요한 정보를 수집하는 API 중 일부는 해당 정보를 부적절하게 처리할 수도 있습니다. 즉, 사용자가 입력 프롬프트에 입력하는 중요한 정보를 사용자에게 다시 돌려 보냅니다.
Explanation
중요한 정보를 수집하는 API 중 일부는 해당 정보를 부적절하게 처리할 수도 있습니다(해당 정보를 사용자에게 다시 돌려 보냄).

예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자가 입력 프롬프트에 입력하는 사용자 비밀번호를 TextField 위젯이 숨김 처리하지 않음을 보여 줍니다.


class SelectionContainerDisabledExampleApp extends StatelessWidget {
const SelectionContainerDisabledExampleApp({super.key});

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
body: Center(
child: Column(
children: <Widget>[
TextField(
decoration: InputDecoration(
hintText: "Please enter your password",
),
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}
Example 1에서는 obscureText 속성을 true로 설정하여 TextField 위젯을 인스턴스화하지 않았으므로 사용자가 "비밀번호를 입력하십시오." 프롬프트에 입력하는 비밀번호가 숨김 처리되지 않습니다.
References
[1] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 549
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000206
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-6 Authenticator Feedback (P2)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-6 Authentication Feedback
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-3, MASVS-STORAGE-2
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.3
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.4.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.4.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3310 CAT I
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3310 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3310 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3310 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3310 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3310 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3310 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.dart.privacy_violation_shoulder_surfing
Abstract
중요한 정보를 수집하는 API 중 일부는 해당 정보를 부적절하게 처리할 수도 있습니다. 즉, 사용자가 입력 프롬프트에 입력하는 중요한 정보를 사용자에게 다시 돌려 보냅니다.
Explanation
민감한 정보를 수집하는 일부 API는 이러한 정보를 사용자에게 다시 돌려보내 잘못 처리할 수 있습니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자가 입력 프롬프트에서 입력하는 사용자 비밀번호를 숨김 처리하지 않는 비밀번호 콜백 개체의 인스턴스화를 보여 줍니다.

PasswordCallback pc = new PasswordCallback("Please enter your password: ", true);
예제 1pc는 두 번째 매개 변수인 onEchotrue로 설정된 상태로 인스턴스화되었으므로 사용자가 "비밀번호를 입력하십시오." 프롬프트에 입력하는 비밀번호가 숨김 처리되지 않습니다.
References
[1] FUNDAMENTALS-4: Establish trust boundaries Oracle
[2] CONFIDENTIAL-2: Do not log highly sensitive information Oracle
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 549
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000206
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-6 Authenticator Feedback (P2)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-6 Authentication Feedback
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-3, MASVS-STORAGE-2
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.4.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.4.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3310 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3310 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3310 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3310 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3310 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3310 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3310 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.dataflow.java.privacy_violation_shoulder_surfing
Abstract
식별된 메서드는 먼저 민감한 데이터를 올바르게 마스킹하지 않고 화면에 작성합니다.
Explanation
식별된 함수는 옵션 비활성화 없이 민감한 데이터를 수집하여 입력 프롬프트에서 사용자에게 다시 돌려보냅니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자가 텍스트 필드에 입력하는 사용자 비밀번호를 숨김 처리하지 않는 비밀번호 필드 개체의 인스턴스화를 보여 줍니다.


ViewController.h:
...

@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UITextField *passwordField;

...

ViewController.m:
...

NSString *password = _passwordField.text;

...
예제 1passwordFieldsecureTextEntry 속성을 true로 설정하지 않았기 때문에 사용자가 텍스트 필드에 입력하는 비밀번호가 숨김 처리되지 않습니다.
References
[1] UITextInputTraits Protocol Reference Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 549
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000206
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-6 Authenticator Feedback (P2)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-6 Authentication Feedback
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-3, MASVS-STORAGE-2
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.4.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.4.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3310 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3310 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3310 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3310 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3310 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3310 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3310 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.objc.privacy_violation_shoulder_surfing
Abstract
중요한 정보를 수집하는 API 중 일부는 해당 정보를 부적절하게 처리할 수도 있습니다. 즉, 사용자가 입력 프롬프트에 입력하는 중요한 정보를 사용자에게 다시 돌려 보냅니다.
Explanation
식별된 함수는 옵션 비활성화 없이 민감한 데이터를 수집하여 입력 프롬프트에서 사용자에게 다시 돌려보냅니다.

예제 1: 다음 코드는 사용자가 텍스트 필드에 입력하는 사용자 비밀번호를 숨김 처리하지 않는 비밀번호 필드 개체의 인스턴스화를 보여 줍니다.


...
@IBOutlet weak var passwordField: UITextField!
...
let password = passwordField.text
...
예제 1passwordFieldsecureTextEntry 속성을 true로 설정하지 않았기 때문에 사용자가 텍스트 필드에 입력하는 비밀번호가 숨김 처리되지 않습니다.
References
[1] UITextInputTraits Protocol Reference Apple
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 549
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000206
[10] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-6 Authenticator Feedback (P2)
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-6 Authentication Feedback
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-3, MASVS-STORAGE-2
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.3
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.4.1
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.4.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3310 CAT I
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3310 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3310 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3310 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3310 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3310 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3310 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.swift.privacy_violation_shoulder_surfing
Abstract
암호가 보이면 시스템 보안에 위험이 됩니다.
Explanation
암호는 해당 소유자에게 보이지 않아도 되며, 다른 사람들은 이를 볼 수 없어야 합니다. 암호가 일반 텍스트로 표시될 경우, 주변 사람이 암호를 보고 시스템을 침해하는 데 사용할 수도 있습니다. 컴퓨터 보안에서 숄더서핑(shoulder surfing)은 어깨 너머로 훔쳐보는 것과 같은 직접적인 관찰 방법을 사용하여 정보를 얻는 것을 말합니다. 복잡한 공용 환경은 숄더서핑(shoulder surfing)에 특히 취약합니다. 특히 이러한 위협은 일반적으로 개인 또는 공용 환경 모두에서 사용하고자 하는 모바일 장치에 적용됩니다.
References
[1] input type="password"
[2] W3C W3 HTML Specifications
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 549
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [13] CWE ID 287
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [14] CWE ID 287, [18] CWE ID 522
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [14] CWE ID 287, [21] CWE ID 522
[7] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2022 [14] CWE ID 287
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [13] CWE ID 287
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [14] CWE ID 287
[10] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000206
[11] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[12] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), IA-6 Authenticator Feedback (P2)
[13] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, IA-6 Authentication Feedback
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.7.1 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.2 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.7.3 Out of Band Verifier Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 2.8.4 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.8.5 Single or Multi Factor One Time Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.2 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 2.10.3 Service Authentication Requirements (L2 L3), 3.7.1 Defenses Against Session Management Exploits (L1 L2 L3), 9.2.3 Server Communications Security Requirements (L2 L3)
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M4 Unintended Data Leakage
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-PLATFORM-3, MASVS-STORAGE-2
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 3.3
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.3
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.3
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.3
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.3
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.3
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.3
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.4.1
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.4.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective A.2.2 - Cardholder Data Protection
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3310 CAT I
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3310 CAT I
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3310 CAT I
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3310 CAT I
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3310 CAT I
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3310 CAT I
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3310 CAT I
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-001850 CAT I
[57] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[58] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.content.html.privacy_violation_shoulder_surfing
Abstract
고객 암호 또는 주민 등록 번호 등의 개인 정보 취급 부주의는 사용자 개인 정보를 침해할 수 있고 불법인 경우가 있습니다.
Explanation
Privacy Violation은 다음 경우에 발생합니다.

1. 사용자 개인 정보가 프로그램에 입력됩니다.
2. 데이터는 콘솔, 파일 시스템 또는 네트워크와 같은 외부 위치에 작성됩니다.

예제 1: 다음 취약한 코드에는 기밀 "admin_password"가 난독 처리되지 않은 상태로 로깅되도록 허용하는 구성 문이 포함되어 있습니다.

from oslo_config import cfg
...
opts = [
cfg.StrOpt('admin_password',secret=False,
help="User's password")]
...
grp = cfg.OptGroup('mygroup')
cfg.CONF.register_opts(opts, group=grp)
...
logger.warning("Adding %s" % cfg.CONF.mygroup.admin_password)
Example 1의 코드는 secret 값이 False로 설정된 상태로 admin_password를 일반 텍스트(난독 처리되지 않음)로 로그 출력에 씁니다. 많은 개발자가 이벤트 로그를 안전한 데이터 저장소로 신뢰하지만 무조건 신뢰해서는 안 됩니다. 특히 개인 정보가 관련된 경우가 대표적입니다.

개인 정보는 다음과 같은 다양한 방식으로 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

- 암호 또는 개인 정보의 형태로 사용자가 직접 입력

- 응용 프로그램이 데이터베이스 또는 기타 데이터 저장소에서 접근

- 협력업체 또는 타사를 통해 간접적으로

개인 정보로 명명되지 않은 데이터도 상황에 따라 개인 정보로 해석될 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 학생 ID 번호는 명시적이고 공개적으로 각 학생의 개인 정보에 매핑되지 않기 때문에 보통 개인 정보로 간주하지 않습니다. 하지만 학교에서 학생의 주민 등록 번호를 기반으로 ID 번호를 생성하는 경우 ID 번호는 개인 정보로 간주해야 합니다.

보안 및 개인 정보 문제는 서로 상충하는 것처럼 보일 때가 있습니다. 보안 관점에서 보면 이후에 비정상적인 활동을 식별할 수 있도록 모든 중요한 작업을 기록해야 합니다. 하지만 개인 정보가 관련된 경우 이 방법은 위험이 따릅니다.

개인 정보를 위험하게 처리하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있겠지만 공통적인 위험은 잘못된 신뢰에서 비롯됩니다. 프로그래머는 프로그램이 실행되는 운영 환경을 신뢰하기 때문에 개인 정보를 파일 시스템, 레지스트리 또는 기타 로컬로 제어되는 리소스에 저장해도 무방하다고 생각합니다. 하지만 특정 리소스에 대한 접근이 제한되어 있는 경우에도 접근 권한을 가진 개인을 신뢰할 수 있다고 보장할 수 없습니다. 일례로, 2004년, AOL의 한 비양심적인 직원이 해외 도박 웹 사이트를 대상으로 영업하는 스패머에게 약 9천 2백만 개의 고객 전자 메일 주소를 팔았습니다[1].

이런 대형 익스플로이트 사건에 대응하여 개인 정보 수집 및 관리에 대한 규제가 점점 엄격해지고 있습니다. 조직의 위치, 업종 및 취급하는 개인 정보의 속성에 따라 조직은 다음의 연방 정부 및 주 정부의 규제를 하나 이상 준수할 의무가 있습니다.

- 세이프 하버 협정(Safe Harbor Privacy Framework)[3]

- GLBA(Gramm-Leach Bliley Act)[4]

- HIPAA(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)[5]

- California SB-1386 [6]

이런 규제에도 불구하고 Privacy violation은 우려할 만한 빈도로 계속 발생하고 있습니다.
References
[1] J. Oates AOL man pleads guilty to selling 92m email addies The Register
[2] Privacy Initiatives U.S. Federal Trade Commission
[3] Safe Harbor Privacy Framework U.S. Department of Commerce
[4] Financial Privacy: The Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA) Federal Trade Commission
[5] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) U.S. Department of Human Services
[6] California SB-1386 Government of the State of California
[7] M. Howard, D. LeBlanc Writing Secure Code, Second Edition Microsoft Press
[8] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 359
[9] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2019 [4] CWE ID 200
[10] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [7] CWE ID 200
[11] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [20] CWE ID 200
[12] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [17] CWE ID 200
[13] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000169, CCI-001199, CCI-001312, CCI-001314, CCI-002475
[14] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[15] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Privacy Violation
[16] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1), AU-12 Audit Generation (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1), SI-11 Error Handling (P2)
[17] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement, AU-12 Audit Record Generation, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest, SI-11 Error Handling
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API3 Broken Object Property Level Authorization
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.2.2 Client-side Data Protection (L1 L2 L3), 8.3.4 Sensitive Private Data (L1 L2 L3), 10.2.1 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M1 Weak Server Side Controls
[21] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M6 Inadequate Privacy Controls
[22] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A6 Information Leakage and Improper Error Handling
[23] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A7 Insecure Cryptographic Storage
[24] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A6 Sensitive Data Exposure
[25] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[26] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.3.1.3, Requirement 6.5.6, Requirement 6.5.8, Requirement 8.4
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 6.5.5, Requirement 8.4
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[31] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[32] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[33] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 3.2, Requirement 3.4, Requirement 4.2, Requirement 6.5.3, Requirement 8.2.1
[34] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[35] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.1, Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 4.2.2, Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 8.3.1
[36] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[37] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[38] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 3.3 - Sensitive Data Retention, Control Objective 6.1 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[39] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[40] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3620 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3620 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3620 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3620 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3620 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3620 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3620 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[56] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[57] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[58] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[59] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[60] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[61] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[62] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[63] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000650 CAT II, APSC-DV-002330 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II, APSC-DV-002570 CAT II, APSC-DV-002580 CAT II
[64] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Information Leakage (WASC-13)
[65] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Information Leakage
desc.structural.python.privacy_violation_unobfuscated_logging
Abstract
권한 또는 access control 목록을 제어하는 메서드에 대한 검증되지 않은 인수를 통해 공격자는 민감한 데이터에 접근할 수 있습니다.
Explanation
공격자는 다음과 같이 검증되지 않은 권한으로 취약점을 익스플로이트할 수 있습니다.

1. 신뢰할 수 없는 소스에서 데이터가 응용 프로그램에 입력됩니다.

2. 데이터는 사용자 또는 그룹 ID, 권한 목록 또는 권한이 적용되는 리소스를 사전 안전 검사를 수행하지 않고 표시하는 데 사용됩니다, 그러면 응용 프로그램에서 이러한 안전하지 않은 데이터를 사용하여 권한 설정을 편집합니다.
References
[1] MSC03-J. Never hard code sensitive information CERT
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 266
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [22] CWE ID 269
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [15] CWE ID 269
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-002165
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API1 Broken Object Level Authorization
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M3 Insecure Authentication/Authorization
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls
[28] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[29] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3500 CAT II
[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3500 CAT II
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3500 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3500 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3500 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3500 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3500 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.dataflow.java.privilege_management_amazon_web_services_unchecked_permissions
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 사용자 신체 활동 인식에 대한 액세스를 제어하는 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.
Explanation
이 권한은 보호 수준이 "위험"입니다. 위험으로 지정된 권한은 사용자 데이터 개인 정보 또는 장치 작동에 대한 위험이 크다는 것을 의미합니다. 이 경우 신체 활동 정보에 액세스하는 것이 사용자 개인 정보와 개인 안전에 위험할 수 있습니다. 사용자 신체 활동 정보 액세스가 필요한 응용 프로그램은 최대한 주의하여 관리해야 합니다.

예제 1: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 사용자의 신체 활동을 인식할 수 있도록 하는 ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION"/> 
References
[1] Security guidelines - Permissions
[2] User Data
[3] Permissions and APIs that Access Sensitive Information
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 250
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [22] CWE ID 269
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [15] CWE ID 269
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000381, CCI-002233, CCI-002235
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-7 Least Functionality (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-7 Least Functionality
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 10.2.2 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3500 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3500 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3500 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3500 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3500 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3500 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3500 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.config.java.privilege_management_android_activity_recognition
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 사용자의 일정 데이터에 대한 액세스를 제어하는 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.
Explanation
이 권한은 보호 수준이 "위험"입니다. 위험으로 지정된 권한은 사용자 데이터 개인 정보 또는 장치 작동에 대한 위험이 크다는 것을 의미합니다. 이 경우 사용자의 일정에 액세스하는 것이 사용자 개인 정보와 개인 안전에 위험할 수 있습니다. 응용 프로그램은 개인 정보 보호를 위해 일정 데이터를 중요한 것으로 간주하고 최대한 주의하여 관리해야 합니다.

예제 1: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 사용자의 일정 데이터를 읽을 수 있도록 하는 READ_CALENDAR 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CALENDAR"/> 
예제 2: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 사용자의 일정 데이터에 쓸 수 있도록 하는 WRITE_CALENDAR 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR"/> 
References
[1] Security guidelines - Permissions
[2] User Data
[3] Permissions and APIs that Access Sensitive Information
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 250
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [22] CWE ID 269
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [15] CWE ID 269
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000381, CCI-002233, CCI-002235
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-7 Least Functionality (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-7 Least Functionality
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 10.2.2 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3500 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3500 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3500 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3500 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3500 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3500 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3500 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.config.java.privilege_management_android_calendar
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 사용자의 호출 로그에 대한 액세스를 제어하는 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.
Explanation
이 권한은 보호 수준이 "위험"입니다. 위험으로 지정된 권한은 사용자 데이터 개인 정보 또는 장치 작동에 대한 위험이 크다는 것을 의미합니다. 이 경우 호출 로그에 액세스하는 것이 사용자 개인 정보와 개인 안전에 위험할 수 있습니다. 호출 로그 액세스가 필요한 응용 프로그램은 최대한 주의하여 관리해야 합니다.

예제 1: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 사용자의 호출 로그를 읽을 수 있도록 하는 READ_CALL_LOG 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG"/> 
예제 2: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 사용자의 호출 로그에 쓸 수 있도록 하는 WRITE_CALL_LOG 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG"/> 
References
[1] Security guidelines - Permissions
[2] User Data
[3] Permissions and APIs that Access Sensitive Information
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 250
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [22] CWE ID 269
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [15] CWE ID 269
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000381, CCI-002233, CCI-002235
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-7 Least Functionality (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-7 Least Functionality
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 10.2.2 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3500 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3500 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3500 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3500 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3500 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3500 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3500 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.config.java.privilege_management_android_call_log
Abstract
응용 프로그램이 장치의 카메라에 대한 액세스를 제어하는 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.
Explanation
이 권한은 보호 수준이 "위험"입니다. 위험으로 지정된 권한은 사용자 데이터 개인 정보 또는 장치 작동에 대한 위험이 크다는 것을 의미합니다. 이 경우 카메라에 액세스하는 것이 사용자 개인 정보와 개인 안전에 위험할 수 있습니다. 카메라 액세스가 필요한 응용 프로그램은 최대한 주의하여 관리해야 합니다.

예제 1: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 장치의 카메라에 액세스할 수 있도록 하는 CAMERA 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/> 
References
[1] Security guidelines - Permissions
[2] User Data
[3] Permissions and APIs that Access Sensitive Information
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 250
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [22] CWE ID 269
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [15] CWE ID 269
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000381, CCI-002233, CCI-002235
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-7 Least Functionality (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-7 Least Functionality
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 10.2.2 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3500 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3500 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3500 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3500 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3500 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3500 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3500 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.config.java.privilege_management_android_camera
Abstract
프로그램이 사용자의 연락처 데이터에 대한 액세스를 제어하는 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.
Explanation
이 권한은 보호 수준이 "위험"입니다. 위험으로 지정된 권한은 사용자 데이터 개인 정보 또는 장치 작동에 대한 위험이 크다는 것을 의미합니다. 이 경우 연락처 정보에 액세스하는 것이 사용자 개인 정보와 개인 안전에 위험할 수 있습니다. 응용 프로그램은 연락처 데이터를 중요한 것으로 간주하고 최대한 주의하여 관리해야 합니다.

예제 1: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 사용자의 연락처 데이터를 읽을 수 있도록 하는 READ_CONTACTS 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/> 
예제 2: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 사용자의 연락처 데이터에 쓸 수 있도록 하는 WRITE_CONTACTS 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS"/> 
예제 3: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 사용자의 전자 메일 그리고 계정 관리자에 저장된 온라인 계정에 액세스할 수 있도록 하는 GET_ACCOUNTS 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다. 이 권한이 있으면 계정 ID, 전자 메일 주소, 전화 번호와 같은 민감한 데이터에 액세스할 수 있습니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"/> 
References
[1] Security guidelines - Permissions
[2] User Data
[3] Permissions and APIs that Access Sensitive Information
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 250
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [22] CWE ID 269
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [15] CWE ID 269
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000381, CCI-002233, CCI-002235
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-7 Least Functionality (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-7 Least Functionality
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 10.2.2 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3500 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3500 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3500 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3500 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3500 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3500 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3500 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.config.java.privilege_management_android_contacts
Abstract
이 프로그램은 Android의 외부 스토리지에 데이터를 쓸 수 있는 권한을 요청합니다.
Explanation
외부 스토리지에 기록된 파일은 임의의 프로그램 및 사용자가 읽고 쓸 수 있습니다. 프로그램은 개인 식별 정보와 같은 민감한 정보를 외부 스토리지에 절대로 쓰지 않아야 합니다. USB를 통해 Android 장치를 PC 또는 다른 장치에 연결하면 USB 대용량 저장 모드가 활성화됩니다. 이 모드에서는 외부 스토리지에 기록된 모든 파일을 읽고 수정할 수 있습니다. 또한 외부 스토리지의 파일은 해당 파일을 작성한 응용 프로그램이 제거된 후에도 그대로 남아 있어 파일에 저장된 민감한 정보가 손상될 위험이 더욱 높아집니다.

예제 1: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램이 외부 스토리지에 쓸 수 있도록 하는 WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> 
예제 2: AndroidManifest.xml의 <uses-permission .../> 요소는 응용 프로그램에서 외부 스토리지를 읽을 수 있도록 하는 READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 권한을 사용할 것을 선언합니다.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> 
References
[1] Security guidelines - Permissions
[2] Ruggero Contu, John Girard Put security policies in place for portable storage devices Gartner Research
[3] Data Storage
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 250
[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2023 [22] CWE ID 269
[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [15] CWE ID 269
[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000381, CCI-002233, CCI-002235
[8] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 AC
[9] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation
[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-7 Least Functionality (P1)
[11] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-7 Least Functionality
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 10.2.2 Malicious Code Search (L2 L3)
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2024 M8 Security Misconfiguration
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard 2.0 MASVS-AUTH-1
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[20] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.6
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.6
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3500 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3500 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3500 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3500 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3500 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3500 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3500 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.2 APSC-DV-000500 CAT II, APSC-DV-000510 CAT I, APSC-DV-001500 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization
desc.config.java.privilege_management_android_data_storage