1437 个项目已找到
弱点

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Insufficient MariaDB Backup

Abstract
配置设置了缺少适当备份设置的资源。
Explanation
备份对于防止数据丢失或损坏至关重要。可破坏备份的设置包括但不限于：
- 禁用数据备份
- 未能定期备份数据
- 未能定期检查备份的完整性
- 备份保留期不足
References
[1] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000366, CCI-003109
[2] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CP
[3] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 CP-9 Information System Backup (P1)
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 CP-9 System Backup
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 8.1.5 General Data Protection (L3)
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 12.10.1
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 12.10.1
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 12.10.1
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 2.2 - Secure Defaults
desc.structural.iac.azure.misconfiguration_insufficient_backup.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Insufficient Monitor Logging

Abstract
该模板定义了一项审计日志记录不足的服务。
Explanation
缺乏审计记录会限制检测和响应安全相关事件的能力，并导致无法进行取证调查。

可破坏日志记录功能的配置设置包括但不限于：
- 故意禁用审计日志记录
- 不记录特定用户、组或流程的操作
- 不充分保护日志完整性
- 不启用可选的审计日志记录
- 降低日志采样率
References
[1] Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Logging Cheat Sheet
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 5.1.5
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000166, CCI-000172
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-2 Account Management (P1), AU-10 Non-Repudiation (P2), AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-2 Account Management, AU-10 Non-Repudiation, AU-12 Audit Record Generation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000380 CAT III, APSC-DV-000390 CAT III, APSC-DV-000400 CAT III, APSC-DV-000410 CAT III, APSC-DV-000430 CAT III, APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000380 CAT III, APSC-DV-000390 CAT III, APSC-DV-000400 CAT III, APSC-DV-000410 CAT III, APSC-DV-000430 CAT III, APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_insufficient_logging.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Insufficient Network Watcher Logging

Abstract
该模板定义了一项审计日志记录不足的服务。
Explanation
缺乏审计记录会限制检测和响应安全相关事件的能力，并导致无法进行取证调查。

可破坏日志记录功能的配置设置包括但不限于：
- 故意禁用审计日志记录
- 不记录特定用户、组或流程的操作
- 不充分保护日志完整性
- 不启用可选的审计日志记录
- 降低日志采样率
References
[1] Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Logging Cheat Sheet
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 6.5
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000166, CCI-000172
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-2 Account Management (P1), AU-10 Non-Repudiation (P2), AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-2 Account Management, AU-10 Non-Repudiation, AU-12 Audit Record Generation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000380 CAT III, APSC-DV-000390 CAT III, APSC-DV-000400 CAT III, APSC-DV-000410 CAT III, APSC-DV-000430 CAT III, APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000380 CAT III, APSC-DV-000390 CAT III, APSC-DV-000400 CAT III, APSC-DV-000410 CAT III, APSC-DV-000430 CAT III, APSC-DV-000590 CAT II, APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_insufficient_logging.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Insufficient PostgreSQL Monitoring

Abstract
配置设置了一个缺少监控的资源。
Explanation
对违规行为的响应延迟会削弱组织限制违规影响的能力。

可破坏监控功能的配置设置包括但不限于：
- 故意禁用监控
- 不启用可选监控
- 不指定导出到监控服务的相关事件
- 不监控特定用户、组、流程和地理区域的操作
References
[1] Paul Cichonski,Tom Millar,Tim Grance,Karen Scarfone NIST Special Publication 800-61 Revision 2 - Computer Security Incident Handling Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000172
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-12 Audit Record Generation
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_insufficient_monitoring.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Insufficient SQL Database Monitoring

Abstract
配置设置了一个缺少监控的资源。
Explanation
对违规行为的响应延迟会削弱组织限制违规影响的能力。

可破坏监控功能的配置设置包括但不限于：
- 故意禁用监控
- 不启用可选监控
- 不指定导出到监控服务的相关事件
- 不监控特定用户、组、流程和地理区域的操作
References
[1] Paul Cichonski,Tom Millar,Tim Grance,Karen Scarfone NIST Special Publication 800-61 Revision 2 - Computer Security Incident Handling Guide
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 2.1.4
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 778
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000172
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Indirect Access to Sensitive Data
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-12 Audit Generation (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-12 Audit Record Generation
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 7.1.3 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.1.4 Log Content Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.1 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3), 7.2.2 Log Processing Requirements (L2 L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration, A10 Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A09 Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.4, Requirement 10.3.4
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 10.2.1, Requirement 10.2.1.4, Requirement 10.2.2
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 8.2 - Activity Tracking
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000830 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_insufficient_monitoring.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Managed Disk Missing Customer-Managed Key

Abstract
Azure 服务不使用客户管理的密钥。
Explanation
加密密钥管理不善会导致各种安全漏洞。对于重要的数据资源，组织不应依赖平台管理的密钥。
References
[1] Microsoft Key management in Azure
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 7.3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_bad_practices_missing_customer_managed_key.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Missing SQL Database Encryption

Abstract
Azure SQL 数据库未启用数据加密。
Explanation
物理媒介盗用是攻击者获取机密信息的常用手段。

默认情况下，Azure SQL 数据库使用透明数据加密 (TDE) 来加密和保护静态数据。

对 Azure SQL 数据库禁用 TDE 会使数据面临潜在的盗用风险。

示例 1：以下示例显示的 Terraform 配置定义了一个未启用数据加密的 Azure SQL 数据库。

resource "azurerm_mssql_database" "aztf008-tp-01" {
  name           = "aztf008-db-d"
  ... 
  sku_name       = "DW100c"
  ...
  transparent_data_encryption_enabled = false
}
References
[1] HashiCorp azurerm_mssql_database
[2] Microsoft Transparent data encryption (TDE)
[3] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 4.1.5
[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[5] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000068, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[6] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-17 Remote Access (P1), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-17 Remote Access, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[30] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.structural.hcl.azure_terraform_misconfiguration_missing_sql_database_encryption.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: MySQL Missing Infrastructure Encryption

Abstract
Azure 服务未启用基础架构加密。
Explanation
实现缺陷、错误配置和密钥泄露这些问题会导致单层加密无法充分保护高度敏感的数据。组织应采用深度防御方法来保护高度敏感的数据，并避免在其安全设计中出现单点故障。
References
[1] Microsoft Double encryption
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_misconfiguration_missing_infrastructure_encryption.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: PostgreSQL Missing Infrastructure Encryption

Abstract
Azure 服务未启用基础架构加密。
Explanation
实现缺陷、错误配置和密钥泄露这些问题会导致单层加密无法充分保护高度敏感的数据。组织应采用深度防御方法来保护高度敏感的数据，并避免在其安全设计中出现单点故障。
References
[1] Microsoft Double encryption
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 4.3.8
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_misconfiguration_missing_infrastructure_encryption.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Redis Cache Auto Upgrade Disabled

Abstract
配置关闭了自动软件升级。
Explanation
能够确保及时修补已知软件漏洞的自动软件升级已被禁用。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM
[2] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[3] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SI-2 Flaw Remediation (P1)
[4] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SI-2 Flaw Remediation
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A9 Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A06 Vulnerable and Outdated Components
[8] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.2
[9] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.3.3
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.3.3
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 10.2 - Threat and Vulnerability Management, Control Objective C.1.6 - Web Software Components & Services
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_auto_upgrade_disabled.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Reduced Virtual Network Availability

Abstract
配置降低了服务可用性。
Explanation
云服务通常使用缓存、复制和负载平衡等技术来促进服务可扩展性、加快内容交付以及减轻容量耗尽攻击的影响。可用性功能禁用或错误配置会降低服务性能，但通常不会造成明显的直接影响，直到最后发生流量峰值和硬件故障等极端事件。
References
[1] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001094
[2] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection (P1)
[3] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 SC-5 Denial of Service Protection
[4] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[5] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A9 Application Denial of Service
[6] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[7] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.6
[11] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 4.2 - Critical Asset Protection, Control Objective C.3.3 - Web Software Attack Mitigation
[16] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[17] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-002400 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_reduced_availability.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Scale Set Missing Host-Based Encryption

Abstract
Azure 服务未启用基于主机的加密。
Explanation
Azure 提供了多个加密选项，每个选项都有特定的优点和限制。例如，Azure 存储服务器端加密 (SSE) 会默认执行加密，无需使用计算资源，但是它不会加密临时磁盘或缓存。该选项也不会保护从计算实例流向存储的数据。Azure 磁盘加密 (ADE) 可加密临时磁盘和缓存，以及流向存储的数据，但要使用计算资源。
References
[1] Microsoft Overview of managed disk encryption options
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_misconfiguration_missing_host_based_encryption.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Shared Image Missing Customer-Managed Key

Abstract
Azure 服务不使用客户管理的密钥。
Explanation
加密密钥管理不善会导致各种安全漏洞。对于重要的数据资源，组织不应依赖平台管理的密钥。
References
[1] Microsoft Key management in Azure
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 3.12
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_bad_practices_missing_customer_managed_key.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: SQL Database Missing Customer-Managed Key

Abstract
Azure 服务不使用客户管理的密钥。
Explanation
加密密钥管理不善会导致各种安全漏洞。对于重要的数据资源，组织不应依赖平台管理的密钥。
References
[1] Microsoft Key management in Azure
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 4.1.3
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_bad_practices_missing_customer_managed_key.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: SQL Server Backup Missing Encryption

Abstract
Azure SQL VM 自动备份未配置为对备份进行加密。
Explanation
数据备份经常被忽视，其作为资产，需要获得与原始数据同等程度的保护。

未加密的备份会导致备份数据易受潜在攻击者访问。

默认情况下，Azure SQL 虚拟机自动备份设置不强制执行数据备份加密。

示例 1：以下示例显示的 Terraform 配置定义了不强制执行备份数据加密的 Azure SQL 虚拟机自动备份设置。

resource "azurerm_mssql_virtual_machine" "aztf009-tn-03" {
  virtual_machine_id               = data.azurerm_virtual_machine.example.id
  ...
  auto_backup {
    retention_period_in_days = 1
    storage_blob_endpoint = ""
    storage_account_access_key = azurerm_storage_account.example.primary_access_key
  }
}
References
[1] HashiCorp azurerm_mssql_virtual_machine
[2] Microsoft Automated Backup v2 for Azure virtual machines (Resource Manager)
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000068, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-17 Remote Access (P1), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-17 Remote Access, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.structural.hcl.azure_terraform_misconfiguration_sql_server_backup_missing_encryption.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Storage Account Missing Customer-Managed Key

Abstract
Azure 服务不使用客户管理的密钥。
Explanation
加密密钥管理不善会导致各种安全漏洞。对于重要的数据资源，组织不应依赖平台管理的密钥。
References
[1] Microsoft Key management in Azure
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 7.3, Recommendation 3.12
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_bad_practices_missing_customer_managed_key.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Storage Account Missing Infrastructure Encryption

Abstract
Azure 服务未启用基础架构加密。
Explanation
实现缺陷、错误配置和密钥泄露这些问题会导致单层加密无法充分保护高度敏感的数据。组织应采用深度防御方法来保护高度敏感的数据，并避免在其安全设计中出现单点故障。
References
[1] Microsoft Double encryption
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 3.2
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000068, CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 CM, SC
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-17 Remote Access (P1), SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-17 Remote Access, SC-8 Transmission Confidentiality and Integrity
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M3 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A10 Insecure Configuration Management
[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A9 Insecure Communications
[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A9 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration
[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration
[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.10
[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.3.1.4, Requirement 6.5.9
[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 4.1, Requirement 6.5.4
[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 4.2.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography
[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 6.3 - Sensitive Data Protection, Control Objective 7 - Use of Cryptography, Control Objective C.4.1 - Web Software Communications
[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 311
[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3250.1 CAT I, APP3250.2 CAT I, APP3250.3 CAT II, APP3250.4 CAT II
[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000260 CAT II, APSC-DV-002440 CAT I, APSC-DV-002450 CAT II, APSC-DV-002460 CAT II, APSC-DV-002470 CAT II
[54] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Transport Layer Protection (WASC-04)
[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authentication
desc.structural.iac.azure_misconfiguration_missing_infrastructure_encryption.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Storage Encryption Scope Missing Customer-Managed Key

Abstract
Azure 服务不使用客户管理的密钥。
Explanation
加密密钥管理不善会导致各种安全漏洞。对于重要的数据资源，组织不应依赖平台管理的密钥。
References
[1] Microsoft Key management in Azure
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 3.12
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_bad_practices_missing_customer_managed_key.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: VM Missing Host-Based Encryption

Abstract
Azure 服务未启用基于主机的加密。
Explanation
Azure 提供了多个加密选项，每个选项都有特定的优点和限制。例如，Azure 存储服务器端加密 (SSE) 会默认执行加密，无需使用计算资源，但是它不会加密临时磁盘或缓存。该选项也不会保护从计算实例流向存储的数据。Azure 磁盘加密 (ADE) 可加密临时磁盘和缓存，以及流向存储的数据，但要使用计算资源。
References
[1] Microsoft Overview of managed disk encryption options
[2] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[3] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[4] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[5] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[6] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[8] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[12] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_misconfiguration_missing_host_based_encryption.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: VM Storage Missing Customer-Managed Key

Abstract
Azure 服务不使用客户管理的密钥。
Explanation
加密密钥管理不善会导致各种安全漏洞。对于重要的数据资源，组织不应依赖平台管理的密钥。
References
[1] Microsoft Key management in Azure
[2] Standards Mapping - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark Recommendation 3.12
[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 311
[4] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001350, CCI-002475
[5] Standards Mapping - FIPS200 MP
[6] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Insufficient Data Protection
[7] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information (P1), SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest (P1)
[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AU-9 Protection of Audit Information, SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest
[9] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration
[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 2.6.3 Look-up Secret Verifier Requirements (L2 L3), 6.2.1 Algorithms (L1 L2 L3), 8.1.6 General Data Protection (L3)
[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A3 Sensitive Data Exposure
[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A02 Cryptographic Failures
[13] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.3
[14] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 3.5.1
[15] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 3.3.2, Requirement 3.3.3, Requirement 3.5.1, Requirement 6.2.4
[16] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 7.1 - Use of Cryptography
[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 7.2 - Use of Cryptography
[19] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[20] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[21] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[22] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
[23] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-001350 CAT II, APSC-DV-002340 CAT II
desc.structural.iac.azure_bad_practices_missing_customer_managed_key.base