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Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Improper Key Vault Network Access Control

Abstract

組態定義一個存取權限過寬的網路規則。

Explanation

寬鬆的存取組態會將系統暴露在外，並擴大組織的受攻擊面。開放與公眾互動的服務通常會受到惡意實體近乎連續的掃描和探測。

在發現並發佈針對公開服務的零時差攻擊 (例如 Heartbleed) 時問題特別大。攻擊者可主動追蹤和搜尋未修補和暴露的系統以進行攻擊。

References

[1] Microsoft Configure Azure Storage firewalls and virtual networks

[2] Josh Fruhlinger CSOOnline: The Heartbleed bug: How a flaw in OpenSSL caused a security crisis

[3] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 749

[4] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2020 [25] CWE ID 862

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2021 [18] CWE ID 862

[6] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-000213, CCI-001084, CCI-001813, CCI-002165

[7] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[8] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-3 Access Enforcement (P1), AC-6 Least Privilege (P1), CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change (P1), SC-3 Security Function Isolation (P1)

[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-3 Access Enforcement, AC-6 Least Privilege, CM-5 Access Restrictions for Change, SC-3 Security Function Isolation

[10] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 4.1.3 General Access Control Design (L1 L2 L3)

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2004 A2 Broken Access Control

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2007 A4 Insecure Direct Object Reference

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2010 A4 Insecure Direct Object References

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A4 Insecure Direct Object References

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A5 Broken Access Control

[17] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A01 Broken Access Control

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.2

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.2 Requirement 6.5.4

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 1.4.2

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4, Requirement 1.4.2

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[28] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[29] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls

[30] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2009 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 285

[31] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2010 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 863

[32] Standards Mapping - SANS Top 25 2011 Porous Defenses - CWE ID 863

[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.1 APP3480.1 CAT II

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.4 APP3480.1 CAT I

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.5 APP3480.1 CAT I

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.6 APP3480.1 CAT I

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.7 APP3480.1 CAT I

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.9 APP3480.1 CAT I

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 3.10 APP3480.1 CAT I

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[44] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[45] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[46] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[47] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[48] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[49] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[50] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[51] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[52] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[53] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[54] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000460 CAT I, APSC-DV-000470 CAT II, APSC-DV-001410 CAT II, APSC-DV-002360 CAT II

[55] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Insufficient Authorization (WASC-02)

[56] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium 24 + 2 Insufficient Authorization

desc.structural.iac.azure.misconfiguration_improper_network_access_control.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Improper Logic App CORS Policy

Abstract

組態設定了過度允許的 CORS 原則。

Explanation

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)，是一種允許網域為其資源定義原則，讓託管在不同網域上的網頁存取其資源的技術。根據過去經驗，網頁瀏覽器已限制其網域資源不得由不同網域載入的指令碼所存取，以遵守相同來源原則。
CORS 為網域提供了一種將其他網域加入安全名單並允許它們存取其資源的方法。

定義 CORS 原則時務必小心，因為在伺服器層級為網域或網域上的目錄所設定的原則若過度允許，公開給跨網域存取的內容可能會高於預期。CORS 可能使惡意應用程式與受害應用程式進行不當通訊，進而導致資訊外洩、詐騙、資料竊取、轉送或其他攻擊。

實作 CORS 可能增加應用程式的受攻擊面，所以僅在必要時才應使用。

References

[1] W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing

[2] Michael Schmidt HTML5 Web Security

[3] Philippe De Ryck, Lieven Desmet, Pieter Philippaerts, and Frank Piessens A Security Analysis of Next Generation Web Standards

[4] James Kettle Exploiting CORS misconfigurations for Bitcoins and bounties

[5] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration CWE ID 942

[6] Standards Mapping - Common Weakness Enumeration Top 25 2024 [18] CWE ID 863

[7] Standards Mapping - DISA Control Correlation Identifier Version 2 CCI-001368, CCI-001414

[8] Standards Mapping - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Access Violation

[9] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement (P1)

[10] Standards Mapping - NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5 AC-4 Information Flow Enforcement

[11] Standards Mapping - OWASP API 2023 API8 Security Misconfiguration

[12] Standards Mapping - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard 4.0 14.4.6 HTTP Security Headers Requirements (L1 L2 L3), 14.5.3 Validate HTTP Request Header Requirements (L1 L2 L3)

[13] Standards Mapping - OWASP Mobile 2014 M5 Poor Authorization and Authentication

[14] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2013 A5 Security Misconfiguration

[15] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2017 A6 Security Misconfiguration

[16] Standards Mapping - OWASP Top 10 2021 A05 Security Misconfiguration

[17] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 1.1 Requirement 6.5.10

[18] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 2.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[19] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.0 Requirement 6.5.8

[20] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[21] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2 Requirement 6.5.8

[22] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 3.2.1 Requirement 6.5.8

[23] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0 Requirement 6.2.4

[24] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Version 4.0.1 Requirement 6.2.4

[25] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.0 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[26] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.1 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control

[27] Standards Mapping - Payment Card Industry Software Security Framework 1.2 Control Objective 5.4 - Authentication and Access Control, Control Objective C.2.3 - Web Software Access Controls

[28] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[29] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[30] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.4 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[31] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.5 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[32] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.6 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[33] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.7 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[34] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.8 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[35] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.9 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[36] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.10 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[37] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.11 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[38] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 4.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[39] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[40] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.2 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[41] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 5.3 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[42] Standards Mapping - Security Technical Implementation Guide Version 6.1 APSC-DV-000480 CAT II, APSC-DV-000490 CAT II

[43] Standards Mapping - Web Application Security Consortium Version 2.00 Application Misconfiguration (WASC-15)

desc.structural.iac.misconfiguration_improper_cors_policy.base

Azure Terraform Misconfiguration: Improper MariaDB Network Access Control